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Online since: September 2013
Authors: Jing Zhao, Jing Chen, Yao Li Zhang
At present, quality problem emerge in endlessly in our country’s all kinds of goods, and the number of claim for quality also has substantially increased.
By visiting dairy farms, I discovered that the quality safety of raw milk displays in two aspects mainly: one is physical-chemical indexes, the protein content and the fat content and other indexes of raw milk must reach the national criterion; the other is hygiene index, the total bacteria numbers and drug residue other indexes of raw milk must meet the national standards in the control area.
The Feed Factor At present stage, the feed of dairy cow in our country mainly includes grain, crops by-products, straw and a little native grass, the usage of fine gramineae and leguminosae herbage is very low.
The Factor of Transportation and Storage Link The unsafe factors in transport include: bad thermal insulation performance of transport vehicle cause the temperature rise of fresh milk, accelerating microbial proliferation, the phenomenon that bacterial counts exceed standard and rancidity; the bacterial colony base number of milk is very large, the storage temperature of milk is very high, failing to cool the milk in time, these will make the raw milk deteriorate soon; not thorough cleaning of milk can and the lining of transport vehicle’s tank, not timely transportation of milk, these all will lead to serious microbial contamination; the adulteration and falsification phenomenon without supervision [9].
By visiting dairy farms, I discovered that the quality safety of raw milk displays in two aspects mainly: one is physical-chemical indexes, the protein content and the fat content and other indexes of raw milk must reach the national criterion; the other is hygiene index, the total bacteria numbers and drug residue other indexes of raw milk must meet the national standards in the control area.
The Feed Factor At present stage, the feed of dairy cow in our country mainly includes grain, crops by-products, straw and a little native grass, the usage of fine gramineae and leguminosae herbage is very low.
The Factor of Transportation and Storage Link The unsafe factors in transport include: bad thermal insulation performance of transport vehicle cause the temperature rise of fresh milk, accelerating microbial proliferation, the phenomenon that bacterial counts exceed standard and rancidity; the bacterial colony base number of milk is very large, the storage temperature of milk is very high, failing to cool the milk in time, these will make the raw milk deteriorate soon; not thorough cleaning of milk can and the lining of transport vehicle’s tank, not timely transportation of milk, these all will lead to serious microbial contamination; the adulteration and falsification phenomenon without supervision [9].
Online since: October 2014
Authors: Xin Yu Li, Jie Quan Xing, Shu Lin Zhan
Based on a large number of tests which used high mica content in stone powder, Xinyu Li considers unit water-use of concrete increases with the increase of stone powder content, and concrete mixing performance gradually becomes poor [5].
In gneiss mica content is about 20% with a fine grained structure, but mica content in manufactured sand which particle size is greater than 0.3 mm is nearly 0 and conforms to the requirements of the specification, mica content in stone powder is about 25% by using petrographic analysis combined with image analysis measurement.
Each cycle of freeze-thaw was 8h, both the freezing time in frozen and the melting time in water channel was 4h, the total number of freeze-thaw cycles was 50 times.
Fig.1 Curves of compressive strength Fig.2 Curves of compressive strength and water-binder ratio and mica content Freeze-thaw cycles test Specimens F1-5 are also used to freeze-thaw cycles test, the total number of freeze-thaw cycles was 50 times, the test results are shown in Fig.3.
In gneiss mica content is about 20% with a fine grained structure, but mica content in manufactured sand which particle size is greater than 0.3 mm is nearly 0 and conforms to the requirements of the specification, mica content in stone powder is about 25% by using petrographic analysis combined with image analysis measurement.
Each cycle of freeze-thaw was 8h, both the freezing time in frozen and the melting time in water channel was 4h, the total number of freeze-thaw cycles was 50 times.
Fig.1 Curves of compressive strength Fig.2 Curves of compressive strength and water-binder ratio and mica content Freeze-thaw cycles test Specimens F1-5 are also used to freeze-thaw cycles test, the total number of freeze-thaw cycles was 50 times, the test results are shown in Fig.3.
Online since: February 2006
Authors: Rosa Piotrkowski, Antolino Gallego, Jose F. Gil, J.M. Vico, Enrique Díaz Barriga-Castro, J.E. Ruzzante
The well known
Zn-Fe phases gamma (very thin), delta
(well defined and homogeneous), zeta
(columnar grains) and eta (almost pure
Zn), were observed from steel to Zn.
The five parameters that were recorded in our experiments were number of counts, amplitude, duration, rise time and energy, in the sense of MARSE energy (MARSE: Measured Area under Rectified Signal Envelope).
In this paper, in order to calculate the cumulants, an unbiased estimator has been used, with a cumulant lags number equal to N/10, with N being the number of data of s(n).
The five parameters that were recorded in our experiments were number of counts, amplitude, duration, rise time and energy, in the sense of MARSE energy (MARSE: Measured Area under Rectified Signal Envelope).
In this paper, in order to calculate the cumulants, an unbiased estimator has been used, with a cumulant lags number equal to N/10, with N being the number of data of s(n).
Online since: March 2007
Authors: Philippe Maugis, Patricia Donnadieu, Alexis Deschamps, Fabien Perrard, Françoise Bley
The resulting microstructure consists of small ill-defined
grains (~3 µm), with a very high dislocation density due to the fast austenite to ferrite
transformation during cooling.
SANS has been used to obtain a quantitative measurement (averaged on a very large number of precipitates) of their size and volume fraction as a function of time and temperature of heat treatment.
A certain number of hypothesis will be used in this model : - Precipitates are stoichiometric NbC, whose thermodynamics is given by a simple solubility product.
The variation rate of the precipitate number density equals the nucleation rate Jn : ∆ − ρ β== ∗ ∗ kT G exp b ZJ dt dN Het n g&n (1) where Z and β* are the Zedldovich factor and the critical solute attachment rate, whose expressions can be found in [5], ρ is the dislocation density, b the Burgers vector, and ∆G * Het is the nucleation barrier.
SANS has been used to obtain a quantitative measurement (averaged on a very large number of precipitates) of their size and volume fraction as a function of time and temperature of heat treatment.
A certain number of hypothesis will be used in this model : - Precipitates are stoichiometric NbC, whose thermodynamics is given by a simple solubility product.
The variation rate of the precipitate number density equals the nucleation rate Jn : ∆ − ρ β== ∗ ∗ kT G exp b ZJ dt dN Het n g&n (1) where Z and β* are the Zedldovich factor and the critical solute attachment rate, whose expressions can be found in [5], ρ is the dislocation density, b the Burgers vector, and ∆G * Het is the nucleation barrier.
Online since: September 2003
Authors: Tzanimir Arguirov, Jürgen Reif, Dirk Wolfframm, R.P. Schmid, K. Dittmar, I Zienert, Simona Kouteva-Arguirova
Formed grain boundaries are fast pathways for diffusion of dopants in
the gate dielectric, and the leakage current increases.
Since it was reported, that adding nitrogen to the oxide film will decrease the leakage current density [7], the number of studies have been increased rapidly.
After the MOCVD growth with subsequent annealing, the Si-Raman peak at 519 cm-1 (bare Si-wafer) shifts toward higher wave numbers by 0.02 cm-1 (inset in Fig. 1).
After the MOCVD growth and following annealing under high/low nitrogen pressure the Si peak shifts to higher wave numbers (inset).
Since it was reported, that adding nitrogen to the oxide film will decrease the leakage current density [7], the number of studies have been increased rapidly.
After the MOCVD growth with subsequent annealing, the Si-Raman peak at 519 cm-1 (bare Si-wafer) shifts toward higher wave numbers by 0.02 cm-1 (inset in Fig. 1).
After the MOCVD growth and following annealing under high/low nitrogen pressure the Si peak shifts to higher wave numbers (inset).
Online since: February 2014
Authors: Yong Cheng, Jiang Chun Ren, Yu Liang Zhao, Song Zhu Mei, Zhi Ying Wang, Jun Ma, Jiang Jiang Wu
For each instance of a class, we will attach a unique identity number to it when it was instantiated.
The daemon-thread would fetch the identity number of the instances which were involved into the jump instructions and then linked the caller and callee's identities into a small memory space called jump_tag_list (JTL).
When instances of classes Foo, BarImplOne and BarImplTwo were loaded into memory, the daemon-thread would first attach an identity number to the instances and then scan the byte codes of every class to find the chk_tgt instructions and add the instance of Foo and instances of BarImplOne and BarImplTwo into the JTL.
Figure6 Response time Test with SPECjbb2013 The test above is a fine-grained performance test of the JVM.
The daemon-thread would fetch the identity number of the instances which were involved into the jump instructions and then linked the caller and callee's identities into a small memory space called jump_tag_list (JTL).
When instances of classes Foo, BarImplOne and BarImplTwo were loaded into memory, the daemon-thread would first attach an identity number to the instances and then scan the byte codes of every class to find the chk_tgt instructions and add the instance of Foo and instances of BarImplOne and BarImplTwo into the JTL.
Figure6 Response time Test with SPECjbb2013 The test above is a fine-grained performance test of the JVM.
Online since: December 2024
Authors: Xue Jiang, Nian Li, Xiao Mei Jiang, Zhen Guang Hu
Fine-grained materials typically exhibit higher strength because smaller particles provide a larger surface area, which promotes a more comprehensive chemical reaction and more uniform gel phase formation.
An appropriate amount of metakaolin significantly enhances the adsorption effect, as it promotes the formation of a large number of internal gel phases, which interconnect and fill the pores, reducing the pore size and thus improving the adsorption performance.
However, when the molar ratio exceeded 2.2, the excess phosphoric acid reduced the number of groups within the gel phase, resulting in fewer adsorption sites and affecting the adsorption effect.
In the initial SEM image, (a) shows stacked lamellae, (b) presents a granular or irregular structure, while (c) shows a smooth surface containing a large number of gel phase particles that fill in the unevenness.
An appropriate amount of metakaolin significantly enhances the adsorption effect, as it promotes the formation of a large number of internal gel phases, which interconnect and fill the pores, reducing the pore size and thus improving the adsorption performance.
However, when the molar ratio exceeded 2.2, the excess phosphoric acid reduced the number of groups within the gel phase, resulting in fewer adsorption sites and affecting the adsorption effect.
In the initial SEM image, (a) shows stacked lamellae, (b) presents a granular or irregular structure, while (c) shows a smooth surface containing a large number of gel phase particles that fill in the unevenness.
Online since: December 2018
Authors: Keiyu Nakagawa, Teruto Kanadani, Keitaro Horikawa, Makoto Hino, Norihito Nagata
Setting each specimen on a fatigue testing machine for which only furnace cooling and aging treatments were performed or Ni-P plating was performed after zincate treatment in addition to the previous two treatments, number of repetition until each specimen raptured was obtained under various repeated tensile stress amplitude (σ) at a room temperature with stress ratio of 0 and frequency of 30Hz.
It is understood from Fig.1 that coarse string-shaped deposits have been generated evenly over the whole crystal grains with μm size on the specimen surface in case of ACF material which was cooled in a furnace down to 293K after solution treatment at 823K.
Fig.3 Relations between stress (σ) and number cycles to failure (N) for ACF materials; ○ plated or △ unplated after furnace-cooling from 823K to 293K.
Fig.4 Relations between stress (σ) and number of cycles to failure (N) for ACA materials; ○ plated or △ unplated after quenching from 823K to 293K.
It is understood from Fig.1 that coarse string-shaped deposits have been generated evenly over the whole crystal grains with μm size on the specimen surface in case of ACF material which was cooled in a furnace down to 293K after solution treatment at 823K.
Fig.3 Relations between stress (σ) and number cycles to failure (N) for ACF materials; ○ plated or △ unplated after furnace-cooling from 823K to 293K.
Fig.4 Relations between stress (σ) and number of cycles to failure (N) for ACA materials; ○ plated or △ unplated after quenching from 823K to 293K.
Online since: October 2019
Authors: Hai Feng Chen, Han Jun Li, Zheng Yi Cai, Jiao Ding, Ming Liang Liu
Taking into account the increased primary cell reaction, there are a large number of Co(OH)2 on the foamed nickel surface and crystals grow along the direction which is vertical to (1-100) and (10-10) lattice planes (Fig. 2).
As a part of the reaction products, Co(OH)2 is not only a small number of low concentration, and even peeled off from the substrate (Fig. 1a).
The number and intensity of miscellaneous peaks increases as time increases, indicating that Cu(OH)2 crystal grows more completely and it gets sharper peaks which result from the improving of its crystal structure gradually over time.
Extension of time also helps increase the grain size of spherical Co(OH)2 and the diameter of the spheres is increasing, whose trend is increasing slowly in Fig. 5.
As a part of the reaction products, Co(OH)2 is not only a small number of low concentration, and even peeled off from the substrate (Fig. 1a).
The number and intensity of miscellaneous peaks increases as time increases, indicating that Cu(OH)2 crystal grows more completely and it gets sharper peaks which result from the improving of its crystal structure gradually over time.
Extension of time also helps increase the grain size of spherical Co(OH)2 and the diameter of the spheres is increasing, whose trend is increasing slowly in Fig. 5.
Online since: June 2013
Authors: Ling Ling Lu, Chen Guang Huang, Xi Wang
The relation between the strain of a structure and the external load can be written as:
(1)
where N is the node number, D is the direction of strain, f is the load and αND is a parameter related to the geometry, the material properties and the deformation stages of the structure.
Here we proposed an alternative parameter to DGNS to overcome this issue in practice, which is the differential of strain contour density (DSCD) and defined as: (6) where, θND is the strain contour density (SCD) of node N; εmaxD, εminD, εMAXD, εMIND are local and global maximum and minimum strains as shown in Fig. 11; M is the number of contour lines.
The horizontal and vertical coordinates are pixels, and the value in the caption represents the differential number of contour line compared with the reference.
Monitoring the fatigue-induced damage evolution in ultrafine-grained interstitial-free steel utilizing digital iamge correlation.
Here we proposed an alternative parameter to DGNS to overcome this issue in practice, which is the differential of strain contour density (DSCD) and defined as: (6) where, θND is the strain contour density (SCD) of node N; εmaxD, εminD, εMAXD, εMIND are local and global maximum and minimum strains as shown in Fig. 11; M is the number of contour lines.
The horizontal and vertical coordinates are pixels, and the value in the caption represents the differential number of contour line compared with the reference.
Monitoring the fatigue-induced damage evolution in ultrafine-grained interstitial-free steel utilizing digital iamge correlation.