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In terms of its properties, it is intermediate to laminated graphite iron (LGI), aka grey iron, and ductile iron (DI), aka spheroidal graphite iron.
CGI and LGI have similar solidification mechanisms [1], and as a result, they have better foundry properties in comparison with DI.
The main problem with producing CGI castings of satisfactory quality is that their properties are strongly sensitive to their wall thickness.
Part II: Influence on tensile mechanical properties, AFS Transactions. 118 (2010) 217-224
Wallace, Factors influencing the ferrictic layer on the surface of gray iron castings, AFS Trans. (1975) 531-550

Currently, the main focus of research is shifting to the field of studying construction-related material requirements [6-11], such as structural build up, mechanical properties, durability and so on.
In the general set of these properties, the least studied is the problem of heat release in the process of structural build up of 3D-printable fresh mixture.
Gibb, T.Thorpe, Mix design and fresh properties for high-performance printing concrete.
Thorpe, Hardened properties of high-performance printing concrete.
Res. 108 (2018) 1-9. doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2018.02.022 [9] Yu Zhang, Yunsheng Zhang, Wei She, Lin Yang, Guojian Liu, Yonggan Yang, Rheological and harden properties of the high-thixotropy 3D printing concrete.

Sodium hypophosphite (NaH2PO2) is the most atom-efficient reactant to fulfill the alkylation process [3], with inexpensive and environmentally benign properties has been widely used [4].
They have too similar aqueous solubility to separate, which will sharply affect each other performances when coexisting in production [6].
The aluminum diethylphosphinate, which have high P % and thermal stability，can significantly decrease the flammability in glass-fibre renforced polyamide 6.6 [13].It is a halogen-free flame retardant, with excellent flame retarding, electric, mechanical properties, good ecologically toxic evaluation, and regenerated properties[14].
So the temperature was a critical factor.

Comparing with welding traditional techniques, laser welding efficiency strongly depends on the optical properties of the material [12]: absorption, transmission, refraction, reflection, scattering and thermal properties: heat capacity, thermal conductivity and density.
In order to determine the temperature field during the laser welding process, the thermal properties of the materials to be welded are required as input parameters to model the thermal process properly namely, thermal conductivity, specific heat and density, which are dependent on temperature.
Thermal properties of the materials constituting the composite are different, a factor around 4 exists between resin and fibers conductivities for instance.
Moreover, the final composite thermal properties also depend on the spatial organization of its constituents, resulting in anisotropic macroscopic effective properties.
In order to determine the temperature field during the laser welding process, the thermal properties of the materials to be welded are required as input parameters to model the thermal transfer.

The results show excellent creep properties with a well-defined region of steady-state flow.
Typically, the as-pressed metals have grain sizes within the submicrometer range and they exhibit superior properties including high strength at ambient temperatures [1] and, if the grains are reasonably stable, excellent superplastic properties at elevated temperatures [2].
To date, only limited information is available on the properties of materials processed by ECAP and tested under creep conditions.
Accordingly, the present investigation was conducted specifically to evaluate the creep properties of high-purity aluminum after processing by ECAP.
Therefore, creep results may be critically evaluated by comparing the measured flow properties with the predictions for the various creep mechanisms.

The ability of opening packages will be affected by a decline in the ability to distinguish colors, the greatest limitation being in seeing the color blue, which is perceived as gray or convex [14], which makes it difficult to recognize the moving elements of mechanisms by the elderly.
It is the sum of at least two factors, which are: the packaging construction itself and the strength of the raw materials used – material and binder.
A major factor in the formation of design antinomies is the economic factor, because for disposable packaging, packaging must account for a part of the total cost, which, with mass consumer goods is achieved by minimizing the mass and maximizing the technological properties of manufacture.
[2] ISO 13127:2012 Packaging - Child resistant packaging - Mechanical test methods for reclosable child resistant packaging systems
Mead, Guidelines for age-inclusive design, Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, 1998, pp. 16-29

Introduction The influence of Rotating magnetic field on the solidification microstructure during solidification process has aroused extensive interest in the field of material physics.[1-5] It is well know that the alloy composition and processing conditions greatly determine the microstructure of alloy influencing the mechanical properties of alloy.[6] RMF play a main role in generating fluid convection changing the solute distribution and the heat transfer condition near the front of solid-liquid interface. [7]It further demonstrates that RMF can be used to change the solidification parameters of growth velocity, temperature gradient and heat transfer condition during solidification process, and which affect the final microstructure.
In the last decades, there are some reports on the effect of RMF on the microstructure via experiments and numerical simulations.[8-12] The effect of RMF is mainly reflected in three factors: grain refinement[13,14], modified macrosegregation [15,16] and the transition of structure morphology[17-19].
The experiment results demonstrate that magnetic intensity and rotating frequency of rotating magnetic field are the main factors influencing significantly solidification microstructure.
According to the classical nucleation theory [24], the nucleation rate is expressed as follows (7) where, is a constant, and is the melting entropy, and is the undercooling, is the solid-liquid interface energy, and is the wetting angle,is the wetting angle factor, is atom diffusion activation energy, and is Boltzmann constant.
On the other hand, the gravity in the melt is a factor that should not be neglected in solidification process.

Mechanical properties of the composites were evaluated through tensile and compressive strength, water absorption capacity and stability test in water.
However CMC has weak mechanical properties, so to overcome this limitation, it is necessary to add inorganic compounds such as clay, zeolite and silicate [10].
Furthermore, bentonite amounts on the composite physical properties as the N-P-K slow-release fertilizer were also studied.
Rajarajan, Native cellulose: Structure, characterization and thermal properties, Materials. 7 (2014) 6105-6119
Isa, Solid Polymer Electrolyte Production from 2- Hydroxyethyl Cellulose: Effect of Ammonium Nitrate Composition on its Structural Properties, Carbohydr.

The design method of airfoils for variable-pitch wind turbines based on knowledge engineering Huan XIE1,a , Wei ZENG2,b 1 Department of mechanical and electrical engineering, XiJing University, Xi’an 710123,China 2School of traffic and transportation engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410075, China ahuan-mail@163.com, bzengwei1987@yeah.net Key words: airfoils of wind turbines; SBF; case-based-reasoning (CBR);neural rules; knowledge-based engineering(KBE) Abstract: In order to make good use of the previous design knowledge, the knowledge-based engineering ideas were introduced to the design of airfoils for variable-pitch wind turbines, a new design method for airfoil of wind turbine was formed.
Introduction Wind turbine blades as the key components to gain wind, and the airfoil is the base of blade design, directly related to the aerodynamic performance and load ability of the blade, affects the working efficiency of the wind turbine.
By constructing the SBF model and neural rules of airfoil design, assemble the geometric parameters determination method of airfoil design which based on example reasoning, formed a new method on the design of wind wings. 1 The structure - behavior - function of airfoil representation model According to the structure - behavior - function (SBF) expression model of the product design, the product requirements for the overall design fitting for the function attribute sets Fun, the requirements that the overall product to airfoil technology matching to the behavior attribute sets Beh of airfoil design , the airfoil design results fitting for the structure property sets Str, equation (1) is the expression for SBF airfoil design model : Fun={CL, Cd, CM, …} (1) The elements in the collection are express aerodynamic performance of airfoil,include lift coefficient, drag coefficient and pitching moment coefficient in order.
According to the theory that influencing the aerodynamic characteristics of airfoils [7], the factors which influencing airfoil’s aerodynamic characteristics is leading edge radius, maximum relative thickness, camber, etc, and the characteristic is not related to size of airfoil.
(4) With the airfoil chord length C which is given in the new design task as a scale factor, and transform the design parameters that not related to dimensions into the engineering design parameters

These values can be contrasted with hammered finishing, the most affected by fluid infiltration.
Crystal shapes, sizes and patterns and hopper crystal growth reflect variation on conditions which are specific of each rock type and their properties, the capacity of fluid to retain on the rock surface, temperature variations during dryness in the stove (around 60ºC) and has been discussed previously [2, 17, 18].
The WCA values (Table 2) could be interpreted as the degree of hydrophobic capacity of each rock, possibly related to many factors, including mineralogy and texture, besides open porosity.
Mineral homogeneity tends to improve the penetration of fluids, becoming then a protector factor to the rock.
Cañaveras: The influence of petrophysical properties on the salt weathering of porous building stones, Environmental Geology 52(2) (2007) pp. 215-224