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Holt1,b 1 Mechanical & Materials Engineering, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada, K7L 3N6 a e-mail: liwenjing@me.queensu.ca, b e-mail: holt@me.queensu.ca Keywords: Zirconium, Texture, Anisotropy, Creep Abstract: In this paper we report the stress dependence of the diametral and axial creep rates of cold-worked Zr-2.5Nb tubes with three different combinations of texture and microstructure in biaxial tests at 623K.
It is anisotropic because of the crystallographic texture of pressure tubes and the anisotropic single crystal properties of g-Zr (hcp).
Moreover, the research on the thermal creep provides an easy way to study the factors that may affect the anisotropic deformation and to determine how to model it.
Although grain size is not normally thought to affect dislocation creep, the sub-micron grain sizes of the MPT materials represent a substantial boundary to compete with dislocations as sinks and sources for vacancies.

Packaging Structure Optimization Design based on Low-carbon Packaging Idea Bi Ru Li 1, a, Ze Rong Li 2,b and Peng Fei Tian3,c 123 College of mechanical and electrical engineering, Panzhihua University, Panzhihua 617000,China a libiru0211@qq.com, b843841115@qq.com, cdragontpf@163.com Keywords: Low carbon packaging, Structure optimization, Low carbon logistics, Reduction packaging, Green packaging Abstract.
Each link of transport, storage, stevedoring, carrying, packaging, distribution and recovery during the process of logistics has consumed energy and resource, produced environmental pollution continuously, which has brought about serous negative affect to environment.
The negative affects caused by logistics activities to environment have increased with the development of economic constantly.
The humanized design means that when the scientific structure and rational functions of design are kept, the “humanized” factors will be introduced to design, in order to make person’s physiology and psychology comfortable in the process of using [10].
In terms of technology, green packaging material with low carbon characteristics must be not only meet the 3R1D(Reduce, Reuse, Recycle, Degradable) principle but also have the properties of low carbon in its life cycle [12].

Refining weld metal microstructure is a useful way to improve joint mechanical properties, such as ductility, toughness and fatigue [5].
The mechanical property of the weld metal was also evaluated by room temperature tensile test.
Mechanical properties of tested welds were excellent, and the amount of welding defects detected by non-destructive testing was very small.
The properties obtained in the weld joint were found to meet stipulated requirements [6].
In Table 2.2, the mechanical properties of these steel plates are presented.

· To lower the risk factor and enhance the product quality
All determined and affecting parameters related to fiber, yarn, fabric construction, sewing thread, and sewing machines must be investigated in order to design appropriate corrective measurements linked to machine design, fabric parameters, and sewing thread [34].
There are quantifiable factors in both.
[47] Rim Cheriaa, Imed Ben Marzoug and Faouzi Sakli, (2015), “Effects on Industrial Ironing on Mechanical and Dimensional Properties of cotton, wool and polyester fabrics”, Indian Journal of Fibre and Textile Research, Volume 41, No 2, DOI: 10.56042/ijftr.v41i2.7119
El-Kateb, (2015), “An investigation of factors affect ends- down rate in embroidery machine”, Journal of American Science, Volume 11(6):39-42, ISSN: 1545-1003

Introduction Dual-phase (DP) steels belong to the family of advanced high strength steels (AHSS) that exhibit novel mechanical properties such as increased tensile strength with improved ductility (hence formability) as compared to conventional HSLA steels [1].
These models are based on the concept of microstructure engineering where the operational parameters of a mill are quantitatively linked to the final microstructure and mechanical properties of hot band.
Volumetric grain sizes were obtained by multiplying the measured EQAD with a factor of 1.2 [5]. 3.
In the present study of continuous cooling transformation, the carbon redistribution during ferrite transformation which in turn stabilizes the un-transformed austenite due to its carbon enrichment, is considered to affect the transformation kinetics.
Heimbuch: 40 th Mechanical Working and Steel Processing Conf.

Dean2,e 1Department of Mechanical Engineering, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK 2School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK a*k.zheng13@imperial.ac.uk, blei.zhu15@imperial.ac.uk cdenis.politis06@imperial.ac.uk, djianguo.lin@imperial.ac.uk,et.a.dean@bham.ac.uk Keywords: Aluminium Alloy, Warm Forming, Analytical Model, Macro-textured Tool, Flange Wrinkling Abstract.
Recently, functional tooling techniques have been investigated extensively, where macro-textured tool surface design, as an advanced tooling technique, could improve the tribological properties in the stamping of aluminium alloys[4].
Table 1 Material constants for AA5754 in warm forming conditions K01 K02 K03 k01 k02 k03 B01 B02 B03 -0.306 -5.45 71.21 -0.21 -3.27 43.74 -92.6 -1.92 482.9 C0 QC E0 QE n0 Qn A0 QA η011 7.42e9 1.09e5 38560 1471.578 5.074 1694.4 1.441 1149 -0.00327 η012 η013 η02 Qη02 η031 η032 η033 T0 Rg -5.258 0.266 9.638 1519.8 -0.0734 5.711 1.075 293 8.314 2.3 Forming speed modelling As the visco-plastic feature of aluminium alloy dominates material deformation in warm forming conditions, strain rate which is related to the forming speed of actual forming processes is a key factor which affects the material mechanical properties.
Dean, Experimental investigation of forming limit curves and deformation features in warm forming of an aluminium alloy, Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture, (2016)

., the velocity distribution in the portholes, and how extrusion parameters affect this velocity, significant investigations within this field are not known to us.
Now full sticking friction was set on all tool surfaces except for those near to, or in the die exit, where friction was specified as Tresca friction with a friction factor set equal to 0.6.
The figure depicts that the FEA-prediction is that the flow velocity down the middle of the porthole channels is not significantly affected by extrusion velocity.
And, when the ram head advances close to the front end face of the die, there will be a geometrical constraint affecting the metal flow above the small porthole, making metal flow across the plane A-A, in Fig.8, more and more difficult as the gap between the ram head and the die closes in.
Tomesani, Seam Welds Modeling and Mechanical Properties Prediction in the Extrusion of AA6082 Alloy, Key Eng.

Introduction Many factors affect rail performance and one of the most important is the residual stress [1].
Orringer, How residual stresses can affect rail performance, in: J.J.
Richardson, M.J Wood, Control of straightening operations for optimisation of product properties.
Proc. 39th Mechanical Working and Steel Processing Conference, Vol. 35.

In order to study the special vehicle engine compartment thermal balance test accurately, eliminate the influence of unstable factors such as engine and obtain more accurate testing parameters, this paper put forward the concept that research engine compartment thermal balance in real vehicle through simulation test.
Usually the measuring segment would affect the measurement section flow field, causing local turbulence and velocity distortion.
According to the following formula , we can get the physical property parameter of the air
We can also see from the above formula that temperature has a great effect on the physical property parameter of the air, but humidity does not.
As shown in figure 4.Eliminating error of measurement and calculation error, cold and hot heat difference .So we can make a preliminary judgment that other factors add the heat dissipating capacity at the cooling air side.

Compared with the single aluminum flakes, the Al/NiO magnetic composite pigments presented stronger magnetic properties.
Thus the physical properties of the metallic pigments determine the optical properties of the low infrared coating.
Many researches of low infrared coating use a large amount of aluminum flakes in order to reach lower IR emissivity, resulting decrease of mechanical properties of coatings, and more importantly, leading to high lightness (L*) and gloss of the coating [4].
Nickel oxide (NiO) is a green powder which has been of interest due to its magnetic properties [17].
Deng, Optical and magnetic properties of Al/Fe 3 O 4 core–shell low infrared emissivity pigments, J.