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Reports are also given that the ultrafine or nanoparticle titanium dioxide has been used as photo-stabilizer for a number of polymers subject to UV lights of shorter wavelengths (300-380nm) [6].
The composition of the crystal phase and size of crystal grains were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) with a diffractometer (D/max-RA model, Rigaku, Tokyo, Japan) employing Cu Kα radiation.

Lastly, the failure mode is a number of T-joints formed plasticity rings, and the damage mode is the cracking of T-joint.
Yan, Laser-TIG hybrid welding of ultra-fine grained steel, J.

Experimental Program Mixture of SFRC consists of fine-grained concrete, with resistance to frost and sprinkler salts, certified for contact with drinking water and stone fraction up to 4 mm, intended for general and construction purposes [20] and reinforced with steel fibers MasterFiber 482 [21] by suction at a dose of 60 kg/m3 and 90 kg/m3 and water.
Acknowledgements This article was created with the financial support of the Ministry of Education, Youth and Physical Education, specifically the Student Grant Competition of VSB-TU Ostrava under the identification number SP2023/058.

The name Twinning Induced Plasticity reflects the main characteristics of deformation mechanism of this steel, i.e. a large number of twinning occur during plastic deformation.
The grain boundaries arising from the twinning deformation result in extreme high strength increase.

Even if the high carbon regions are very fine and/or fuzzy domains, but the number is as large as the bainitic laths, the existence can be captured from the statistic viewpoint.
Block-shaped austenite grains are seen.

Experiment MgO thin films were deposited on Si (001) substrates by electron beam evaporation using melt grain of MgO target (99.99%).
Furthermore, the change in intensity of the O1s peak component at higher binding energy is related to a change in number of surface hydroxide in the thin films.

They studied the influence of annealing temperatures on the grain size and the optical characteristics of nano-ZnO.
The larger numbers of the nanoparticles in front of the laser beam absorb a higher portion of its energy, and fragmentation mechanism can occur on these nanoparticles, which also leads to more reduction in their size.

The high powder compaction obtained with this technique promotes a large number of contact points between particles, favoring the activation of diffusion mechanisms during solid-state sintering.
The results presented in Fig. 3 show typical Al2O3 and ZrO2 microstructures with grain size compatible with the starting particle size and sintering temperature used.

The oxide thicknesses for each specimen were recorded at a number of positions and averaged.
It is clear that the oxide atop the 0% Si alloy is considerably thicker than that on the silicon bearing alloy, which possesses a silica interlayer and grain boundary silica intrusions.

Introduction White light-emitting diode (LED) which called the fourth generation lighting source will beyond Incandescent, fluorescent lamp, HID lamp, it has a number of advantages such as small size, low energy consumption, responding quickly, reliability, no pollution and long lifetime, therefore has a remarkable energy and vast prospects for the future of the light of market [1-2].
Because of the required temperature is high that lead to large energy consumption, larger grains and not equally distributed across in the preparation of process; reaction is not entirely so that contain material remains, serious influence on the efficiency of fluorescent material.