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Online since: October 2011
Authors: Marc Bohner, Nicola Döbelin, Laëtitia Galea, Urs Eggenberger, José Maria da Fonte Ferreira
Data Acquisition: The phase evolution during calcination was analyzed in-situ using powder XRD in the range from 10 to 50° 2θ and a heating chamber attached to the diffractometer.
Data acquisition of the high-temperature datasets was started immediately after the target temperature had been reached.
Data Processing: XRD datasets were analyzed by Rietveld refinement using the software Fullprof.2k version 5.00 [4].
The powder processed with increasing number of milling steps showed a reduction of the crystalline content from 79 ± 1 wt-% (once 15 minutes milling) to 29 ± 1 wt-% (15 times 15 minutes milling, Fig. 1).
At 600 °C the transformation reaction was dominant and caused a rapid transformation of the initially high α-TCP content to 21 ± 1 wt-% towards the end of the 16 hours of data acquisition.
Data acquisition of the high-temperature datasets was started immediately after the target temperature had been reached.
Data Processing: XRD datasets were analyzed by Rietveld refinement using the software Fullprof.2k version 5.00 [4].
The powder processed with increasing number of milling steps showed a reduction of the crystalline content from 79 ± 1 wt-% (once 15 minutes milling) to 29 ± 1 wt-% (15 times 15 minutes milling, Fig. 1).
At 600 °C the transformation reaction was dominant and caused a rapid transformation of the initially high α-TCP content to 21 ± 1 wt-% towards the end of the 16 hours of data acquisition.
Online since: April 2013
Authors: Byung Joo Park, Jeah Wan Kim
In case of the second-generation wireless communication of the past, data communications was only a part of communications services, including simple images and text files etc. but it has provided high-quality services, real time video service and high capacity file download and upload, with the start of third-generation wireless communication.
This puts service-integration form ahead of technique-integration so that derives advantages of reduction of cost and development time from recycling existing applications and resources.
Algorism that increases efficiency of entire system by consisting the system formation that makes the unsuccessful data to transmit stay temporarily and retransmits it by consisting data buffer through special module system, even though there is traffic bottleneck phenomena and data loss in some section, Cloud system server works properly and block the deterioration by maintaining system efficiency is required.
This puts service-integration form ahead of technique-integration so that derives advantages of reduction of cost and development time from recycling existing applications and resources.
Algorism that increases efficiency of entire system by consisting the system formation that makes the unsuccessful data to transmit stay temporarily and retransmits it by consisting data buffer through special module system, even though there is traffic bottleneck phenomena and data loss in some section, Cloud system server works properly and block the deterioration by maintaining system efficiency is required.
Online since: February 2012
Authors: Qi Zheng, Ting Ting Wang
Direct benefits are quantifiable by using techniques such as data analysis and measuring variables such as the number of new customers as a result of E-commerce implementation.
The first group relates to the reduction of external and internal communication expenses, the second to the revenues generated either from current business or from new initiatives, the third to the tangible benefits, such as reduced costs and more flexible working practices, and the final group refers to intangible benefits such as enhanced competitive positioning and enhanced customer relationships.
Policies should be developed and must consider the purpose for which the data is being collected, who is authorized to do so, and where the data will be maintained.
Digital signature and encryption solutions provide the necessary data integrity, authentication, non-repudiation and confidentiality to the content and transactions involved in the various banking processes.
The first group relates to the reduction of external and internal communication expenses, the second to the revenues generated either from current business or from new initiatives, the third to the tangible benefits, such as reduced costs and more flexible working practices, and the final group refers to intangible benefits such as enhanced competitive positioning and enhanced customer relationships.
Policies should be developed and must consider the purpose for which the data is being collected, who is authorized to do so, and where the data will be maintained.
Digital signature and encryption solutions provide the necessary data integrity, authentication, non-repudiation and confidentiality to the content and transactions involved in the various banking processes.
Online since: August 2016
Authors: Ashvin N. Prajapati
These data has great significance in applied areas of research.
For the entire concentration (0.0 → 1.0) the values of (ε0)E < 0 indicates that mixture constituent interact in such a way that some of the neighbouring dipoles tend to align in opposite direction, which results in a reduction in the total number of effective dipoles contributed in electric polarization may form multimers in the system.
Data, 53(2008) 551-555
Data, 55 ( 2010) 5946–5952
Data, 46 (2001) 1206-1210
For the entire concentration (0.0 → 1.0) the values of (ε0)E < 0 indicates that mixture constituent interact in such a way that some of the neighbouring dipoles tend to align in opposite direction, which results in a reduction in the total number of effective dipoles contributed in electric polarization may form multimers in the system.
Data, 53(2008) 551-555
Data, 55 ( 2010) 5946–5952
Data, 46 (2001) 1206-1210
Online since: April 2003
Authors: M. Herrmann, Hasan Mandal, S. Kurama
On the basis of obtained data, the stability regions of Y, Nd and Y-Nd
doped α-SiAlONs were established.
The Rietveld method is based on the calculation of theoretical diffraction pattern and fitting of the calculated data to the experimental [14].
Increasing the size of the rare earth and decreasing the temperature leads to a reduction on the solubility of Al and O in the α-SiAlON [17].
These data suggest that these compositions are outside the homogeneity area of the α-SiAlON.
Conclusion Methodological development of the interpretation of X-ray diffraction data results in an improvement in the knowledge about stability regions and phase relationships in various α-SiAlON systems.
The Rietveld method is based on the calculation of theoretical diffraction pattern and fitting of the calculated data to the experimental [14].
Increasing the size of the rare earth and decreasing the temperature leads to a reduction on the solubility of Al and O in the α-SiAlON [17].
These data suggest that these compositions are outside the homogeneity area of the α-SiAlON.
Conclusion Methodological development of the interpretation of X-ray diffraction data results in an improvement in the knowledge about stability regions and phase relationships in various α-SiAlON systems.
Online since: February 2014
Authors: Gang Chen, Liang Biao Chen, Gang S. Chen
Experiments and chracterization of dynamic properties of roofbolt
The testing apparatus includes pneumatic piston, a sample roofbolt installed in concrete, accelerometers, strain gauge, amplifiers and oscilloscope for data logger.
The system mass and stiffness parameters can be obtained by geometry and material mechanics analysis based on static experimental data of load-displacement curves.
The comprehensive analysis could be conduced by finite element analysis and model order reduction.
They set the errors between analytical and experimental data as an objective function and minimize it by adjusting a pre-selected set of model parameters present in the multiple-degree-of-freedom model.
The calibration of model’s parameters in terms of tested vibration data can be done by an iterative optimization process.
The system mass and stiffness parameters can be obtained by geometry and material mechanics analysis based on static experimental data of load-displacement curves.
The comprehensive analysis could be conduced by finite element analysis and model order reduction.
They set the errors between analytical and experimental data as an objective function and minimize it by adjusting a pre-selected set of model parameters present in the multiple-degree-of-freedom model.
The calibration of model’s parameters in terms of tested vibration data can be done by an iterative optimization process.
Online since: May 2014
Authors: Xing Cai, Pei Shan Xie
Human motion capture method avoids the problem of modeling the complex , instead using human motion data generated directly from the external recording of human animation , create realistic human motion credible .
The main defects include : a main body and animators who shape or size in the presence of a potential mismatch ; move during the motion sensor or signs ; human body movement sensor or the cable is often limited by the process of sampling and filtering noise problems noise reduction .
Boulic proposed the establishment of appropriate empirical formula based on statistical data , each frame is determined according to the human body posture and movement characteristic feature in the literature[5].
To generate the model , the first original data or mathematical models to have the input data through a computer keyboard or mouse input device , after computer processing, converted to the corresponding model output .
The main defects include : a main body and animators who shape or size in the presence of a potential mismatch ; move during the motion sensor or signs ; human body movement sensor or the cable is often limited by the process of sampling and filtering noise problems noise reduction .
Boulic proposed the establishment of appropriate empirical formula based on statistical data , each frame is determined according to the human body posture and movement characteristic feature in the literature[5].
To generate the model , the first original data or mathematical models to have the input data through a computer keyboard or mouse input device , after computer processing, converted to the corresponding model output .
Online since: April 2011
Authors: Nivaldo Lemos Coppini, José C. C. Santana, Elesandro Antonio Baptista, Daniel B. da Rosa, Aroldo Alcantara
The growing automotive demand in the world market, regardless of crises and consequences, together with the laws and actions to preserve the environment, has increased com-petition among manufacturers of automotive parts and systems in order to develop more streamlined processes to time, tooling costs and devices, and reduction or elimination of polluting items.
Material’s part, tools, machinery, laboratories and all the data necessary to obtain the results were provided by the company producing the windows of cages, which choose not to identify themselves.
Planning and optimization of experiments An orthogonal experimental design was used to analyze data resulting from tests of tool life measurements used during milling process to cut the seat window cage of ball homokinetics joints of AISI 8620 hardened steel with the CBN tools. 22 factorial planning, modified, was used. two factors were considered: the type of bevel (S) and (T+S) and three feed rates (0.09, 0.10 and 0.11 mm / rpm).
Planning’s matrix and experimental data.
Conclusions The ANOVA evaluation showed that the models were fitted to experimental data of tool life and tool life criterion of exchange the CBN cut-ting tool edge.
Material’s part, tools, machinery, laboratories and all the data necessary to obtain the results were provided by the company producing the windows of cages, which choose not to identify themselves.
Planning and optimization of experiments An orthogonal experimental design was used to analyze data resulting from tests of tool life measurements used during milling process to cut the seat window cage of ball homokinetics joints of AISI 8620 hardened steel with the CBN tools. 22 factorial planning, modified, was used. two factors were considered: the type of bevel (S) and (T+S) and three feed rates (0.09, 0.10 and 0.11 mm / rpm).
Planning’s matrix and experimental data.
Conclusions The ANOVA evaluation showed that the models were fitted to experimental data of tool life and tool life criterion of exchange the CBN cut-ting tool edge.
Online since: December 2012
Authors: En Ren Zhang, Ying Ying Cui, Lei Liu
The electrons then travel through an external circuit to the cathode and participate in reduction reactions.
Voltage and electrode potentials (versus saturated calomel electrode, SCE) of MFCs were continuously measured using a multiple-channel data acquisition system (PIO-821H, Chengdu).
However, data shown in Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 indicated that the amount of protons produced in the lower current discharge operation was much smaller than that in the higher current discharge operation, implying that proton production might be directly related to bacteria-catalyzed electrochemical oxidation of organic fuels rather than the bio-degradation of organic fuels in the anode chamber.
Data shown in Fig. 2 indicate that altering anodic pH by two units allowed the anode potential to change ~ 0.376 V (see data between time T1 and T2 in Fig. 2), much larger than the theoretical value of 0.118 V, implying that anodic pH affects the electrochemical performance mainly through altering the catalytic activity of the anode-attached biofilm rather than through changing the thermodynamic properties of the microbial anode.
Voltage and electrode potentials (versus saturated calomel electrode, SCE) of MFCs were continuously measured using a multiple-channel data acquisition system (PIO-821H, Chengdu).
However, data shown in Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 indicated that the amount of protons produced in the lower current discharge operation was much smaller than that in the higher current discharge operation, implying that proton production might be directly related to bacteria-catalyzed electrochemical oxidation of organic fuels rather than the bio-degradation of organic fuels in the anode chamber.
Data shown in Fig. 2 indicate that altering anodic pH by two units allowed the anode potential to change ~ 0.376 V (see data between time T1 and T2 in Fig. 2), much larger than the theoretical value of 0.118 V, implying that anodic pH affects the electrochemical performance mainly through altering the catalytic activity of the anode-attached biofilm rather than through changing the thermodynamic properties of the microbial anode.
Online since: August 2018
Authors: Mohd Sobri Idris, F. A. Ismail, Rozana Aina Maulat Osman, N.A.M. Ahmad Hambali
The structural data obtained from XRD is refined by using General Structure Analysis Software (GSAS).
Table 1 shows the refinement data of BaTiO3 and Ba0.99Er0.01TiO3 from Rietveld refinement analysis.
Refinement data for BaTiO3 and Ba0.99Er0.01TiO3 Sample a (Å) c (Å) V (cm3) Rwp (%) Rp (%) c2 BaTiO3 3.9935(1) 4.0348(1) 64.35(1) 13.55 10.47 3.808 Ba0.99Er0.01TiO3 3.9954(1) 4.0388(1) 64.47(1) 12.17 9.45 3.336 Microstructural Analysis.
Ismail et. al [3] has reported that the reduction in grain size can affect the dielectric properties of the material itself.
Phase analysis of XRD data confirms pure perovskite tetragonal structure of the ceramic samples.
Table 1 shows the refinement data of BaTiO3 and Ba0.99Er0.01TiO3 from Rietveld refinement analysis.
Refinement data for BaTiO3 and Ba0.99Er0.01TiO3 Sample a (Å) c (Å) V (cm3) Rwp (%) Rp (%) c2 BaTiO3 3.9935(1) 4.0348(1) 64.35(1) 13.55 10.47 3.808 Ba0.99Er0.01TiO3 3.9954(1) 4.0388(1) 64.47(1) 12.17 9.45 3.336 Microstructural Analysis.
Ismail et. al [3] has reported that the reduction in grain size can affect the dielectric properties of the material itself.
Phase analysis of XRD data confirms pure perovskite tetragonal structure of the ceramic samples.