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Introduction Duplex stainless steels (DSS) comprise a unique class of materials that possess desirable properties of both the face-centered cubic (austenitic) and body-centered cubic (ferritic) phases within their microstructures.
Creq = % Cr + %Mo + 0.7 x %Nb (1) Nieq = % Ni + 35 x %C + 20 x %N + 0.25 x %Cu (2) Alloy composition is an important factor in the kinetics of the embrittlement reactions in the ferrite phase, and certain elements play a larger role than others.
Additionally, quantifying the embrittlement kinetics of lean grade weld filler metals, and of complex engineering structures (e.g., welds, their heat affected zones, and the effects of fabrication-induced plastic strain) are required to enable the application of these alloys to higher service temperature components.
Duplex stainless steels, Microstructure, properties and applications, ed.
II Part D., New York: American Society for Mechanical Engineers. (2007)

Duplex Stainless Steel is prone to the 475°C embrittlement, which leads to a change of the material properties.
This results in a change of the material properties such as a change of the cyclic deformation behavior and an increase of the tensile strength [1,2].
After 100 h, the DSS is fully embrittled, meaning that the maximum embrittlement and maximum possible change of material properties due to the 475°C embrittlement is reached [2].
This deviation affects the accuracy of the model parameters used to describe the fatigue behavior.
Lange, Microstructure and properties of Super-Duplex Stainless Steel, Pract.

Estimation of the microscale stress distributions is used to analyse the interaction between microstructure, material properties and damage mechanisms during wear.
Instead, the tin phase was modelled by assigning its material properties to random elements in the grid until the right volume fraction was reached.
The effect of such morphology is still to be researched, but is likely to affect the performance of the alloy negatively.
The ductility of the material is another factor that would help preventing crack propagation [10].
At the microstructural scale, it was shown that the average properties of the composite materials can no longer be used in calculations once the scale of the microstructure starts to approach the thickness of the layers of the graded component.

The use of microneedles to extract interstitial fluid and the creation of diagnostic tools that use microneedles with these properties have continued to get more attention.
Any microneedle system must be designed with a variety of factors in mind in order to be optimized.
Critical microarray design properties will be evaluated and predicted with the use of simulation studies [9].
It has also been done to model transdermal drug delivery using microneedles with an emphasis on how geometry affects drug transport behavior [20].
We believe that no theoretical attempts have previously been made to quantitatively estimate the impact of key design factors on the interstitial fluid extraction profile utilizing a hydrogel microneedle patch for diagnostic purposes.

MATERIAL PROPERTY Component material Resistivity (10-8•Ωm) Relative permeability (μr) Iron core ∞ 5000 Air ∞ 1 Copper bar squirrel cage 1.724e-8 1 Copper stator winding KF*KE*1.724e-8 1 where KF is F-coefficient.
They are all important factors that will be considered in the design of the motor and affect the temperature rise and supplies in the end. 3-D node vector magnetic flux density distribution is periodicity change and reflecting the flux density distribution of motor.
The horizontal axis represents the mechanical angle along the radial direction, 7 pairs of electrodes have a total of 7 cycles and take 1.5 cycles.

This is because the internal friction angle of coarse soil is mainly affected by coarse-grained content.
Vesic and Clough [7] consider that: This is because there is a broken value for the coarse-grained soil and other bulk granular materials, and when it is more than this broken value, the initial void radio and the dilatancy effects on the strength of the impact will be significantly weakened, and the particle breakage will gradually become the dominant factor affecting the strength.
[5] ZHOU Xiao-wen, GONG Bi-wei, DING Hong-shun, et al.Large-scale simple shear test on mechanical properties of interface between concrete face and gravel underlayer[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 2005,27(8): 876-880

The structure and size of a STL file is affected by redundant information.
Data acquisition is through a mechanical touch trigger probing process and a CNC milling machine is used to manufacture the copy of the scanned object.
In [8] an iterative algorithm to integrate RE and RP is developed defining the shape factor, which is maximum distance between points and best-fit polygon when projected on middle plane.
Proposed Approach The methodology designed and implemented for direct slicing of point clouds has been applied to various data sets with different properties.
One parameter that does affect processing time is the point cloud aspect ratio H/L, where H is the bounding box height and L is the side length of each slice.

A major factor that has hindered the development of a performance-based design methodology is the fact that quite limited systematic experimental program has yet been undertaken wherein the imposed loading, the system variables, and the measured or observed response were tailored to specifically monitor, model and calibrate cumulative seismic damage.
Fig. 1 Detail of specimens Fig. 2 Test setup and instrumentation Material Properties.
For all the tested specimens, the mechanical properties of steel bar and concrete are shown in Table 1.
These observations indicate that displacement history affected response under cyclic loading: the number of cycles that could be sustained at a given maximum lateral displacement decreased with increasing number and amplitude of previous cycles in the inelastic range of response.
Test observations indicate that displacement history affected response under cyclic loading.

Heat-reflux extraction for dried root of Angelica dahurica was with 10g of sample and 120mL of 80% ethanol in a flask (250 mL) with a mechanical stirrer and the temperature was placed in 95ºC water bath.
Solvent properties affect the behavior of ultrasonic cavitations include vapor pressure, viscosity, and surface tension.
Medium vapor pressure is known to be the most conductive to ultrasonic activity of these properties.
Another important factor for the choice of solvent is its polarity as imperatorin and isoimperatorin are polar compounds.
The surface tension decreased with the increase of temperature affects the bubble formation and collapse.

Because of the huge amounts of data the discrete model usually have, it is time-consuming for data query in intersection process, so that the efficiency of data query is a key factor that effect the efficiency of machining simulation.
But the static index structure relies on the distribution of rough model grid cell, when the rough model is irregular or the grid cell can not be evenly divided, it will lead to many empty nodes, this will affect efficiency of data query.
R*-tree [6] is a kind of spatial balanced tree, which uses the node MBR(Minimum Bounding Rectangle) to organize the neighborhood relations between data objects, with good clustering properties for the multi-dimensional data.
Obtaining Cutting Projection Region of The Nodes Tool path segments within the cutting projection region of node will directly affect the height of node in the simulation process.
So the relation between h and d is established based on the geometric properties of tool.