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The research on the grain size effect showed that, the texture evolution would be affected by the initial grain size according to the differences in grain subdivision behavior[4, 5], the arrangement of shear bands[4, 6] and deformation mechanisms[10].
The samples were prepared by careful mechanical polishing followed by electro-polishing, and the measurements were all carried out from the center part and investigated from the transverse direction.
So, considering the effect of grain size on the final rolling texture, the texture before cold rolling could be treated as a minor factor.
Wang, Development of λ-fiber recrystallization texture and magnetic property in Fe–6.5wt% Si thin sheet produced by strip casting and warm rolling method, Materials Letters. 91 (2013) 150-153
Valiev, Effect of cold rolling on microstructure and mechanical properties of copper subjected to ECAP with various numbers of passes, Mat.

The mechanical properties for the rock and soil mass achieved by the tangential and normal bond among particles.
For more accurate understanding of the mechanical properties of the interface, 110 measurement circles are arranged in the numerical model(as shown in figure 2).
The y-stress presents an exponential form distribution along the radial direction of anchor, which shows that tensile load spread through the grout in a small range, the affected area is only distributed in a smaller radius.
With the same method mentioned above, a series of measurement circles were arranged in the model to study the mechanical properties and micro-displacement of the soil between the anchors, just as shown in figure 12.
This superposition of tensile stress is very bad for mechanical properties of anchorage root, because the overall shear failure is prone.

Introduction As a compressive component in arch bridges, CFST displays special material property.
Owing to the hoop stress of the steel tube to the concrete, the mechanical behavior of CFST becomes plastic instead of brittle if only concrete being applied.
Both Table 2 and 3 indicate that the spandrel can affect the off-plane stability of the bridge in a very small scale so that such effect can be ignored.
This indicates that the safety of the bridge in service is guaranteed theoretically, and while this also hints that a less safety factor can be considered in the design of the same type of bridges in future.
The analysis results also indicate that the spandrel can affect the off-plane stability of bridge but its effect can be ignored, and designer should primarily consider enhancing the transversal stiffness of the arch rib and the transversal connection.

The workability of PCE is an improtant factor to achieve high performances in the construction engineering.
Both temperature and supplementary cementitious materials are shown to affect the evolution of rheology with time.
Adding dibasic acid monomer such as MA can introduce more carboxyl groups, and thus increase the anchoring properties of PCE molecules on the cement particles, resulting in a long-time dispersion.
Sample Dosage (%) Air content (%) Slump / Slump flow (mm) 0h 1h PC-1 0.26 4.2 240 / 500 240 / 470 PC-2 0.26 4.0 250 / 600 245 / 530 PCE 0.26 4.5 255 / 620 245 / 540 The results showed that the slump performances of fresh concrete mixed with PCE synthesized at lower temperature were better, presenting as the better dispersion and flow properties than those of PC-1.
Duthoit, Determination of the apparent activation energy of one concretee by calorimetric and mechanical means influence of superplasticizer, Cem.

Carbon is known to react with oxygen above 400oC, property changes of a C/C composites during oxidation, specially the mechanical properties, are very sensitive to the oxidation of the carbon fibers and matrix [2].
Oxidation resistance of coated C/C composites in air is an important property characterizing and selecting good anti-oxidation coating.
Glass/yttrium silicates/SiC multi-layer coating exhibits good oxidation protective property for C/C composites up to 1600oC in air [12].
At this condition, oxidation of the sample lies on three factors, which are cracking number, cracking dimension and temperature.
Temperature distribution affects the weight loss and flexural strength distribution of the sample.

Basically, fouling is influenced by three factors namely the membrane properties, solute (solution) properties, and operating parameters [2].
Those factors can interact with each other and give rise to quite different effects in combination than if these factors were studied individually or with model systems.
This method has many advantages such as (i) the ability to modify the polymer surface to have distinct properties through the choice of different monomers, (ii) the controllable introduction of graft chains with a high density and exact localization to the surface, without affecting the bulk properties, and (iii) long term chemical stability, which is assured by covalent attachment of graft chains [1,50].
The modified membranes have high fluxes and in some cases excellent protein repellent properties.
Santerre, Influence of processing conditions on the properties of ultrafiltration membranes, J.

The rules mainly includes as following: determining the generated scope of 3D models on one certain display stage in the process of scale change(i.e. confirming the fit scale scopes in which the 3D model’s stage appears), establishing the 3D multi-scale model displaying function, adjusting different displaying stages(highlighting the details consciously) with considering non-geometric spatial factors, such as taking semantic features into account, ascertaining the critical state of model’s display in scale space, researching the gradual changing process between two key adjacent stages.
The basic particles of 3D dynamic symbol designed are showed in Fig.9: Fig.9 Basic Particle Properties of 3D Symbol .
(11) Rotating speed It is the basic particle’s turning-speed used for mechanical motion (12) Rotating center It is the basic particle’s rotating center used for mechanical motion.
It is clear that the number of triangles can be evidently decreased by reasonable modeling mode, but the simplification must not affect the visual effects[9].
Second, a process model consumes large amounts of computing resources, so it affects the efficiency of the system's display.

The mechanical properties of the steel as well as of the counterbody are given in Table 1.
During the ensuing propagation stage, the crack extends below the surface, crossing domains less affected by the contact loading.
The following variables are considered: Fretting tribological properties: ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )5
; ; ; ref refQ Q Q ref ref t t t t t t GS GS GS t t δδ δ µµ µ µµ µ = = = = Fretting wear properties (25000 gross slip fretting cycles): ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )6
GSµ tQ tµ tδ thQ MAXl TOTALK Wear properties (stabilized GS loading) Friction properties Q(N) δ(µm) Q(N)Q(N) δ(µm) Cracking properties (stabilized PS loading) lmax Cracking properties (stabilized PS loading) lmax 52100K TREAT.K 0 1 2 0 1 2 lmaxlmax MAX * l th * Q Combined GS/PS fretting loading (a) GSµ tQ tµ tδ thQ MAXl TOTALK 52100K TREAT.K 0 1 2 0 1 2 MAX * l th * Q (b) Wear properties (stabilized GS loading) Friction properties Q(N) δ(µm) Q(N)Q(N) δ(µm) Cracking properties (stabilized PS loading) lmax Cracking properties (stabilized PS loading) lmax lmaxlmax Combined GS/PS fretting loading Figure 14 : Normalized polar charts for two different fretting palliative treatments (reference fretting system : 30NiCrMo8/52100 contact) (a) shot peening treatment, (b) nitriding.

Analysis and Modeling of Wafer Thermal Transfer in a PECVD Reactor Huanxiong Xia1,a , Dong Xiang1,b , Peng Mou1,c , Han Zhang1 1The department of precision instruments and mechanology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China aEmail:xiahx10@mails.tsinghua.edu.cn bEmail:xd@mail.tsinghua.edu.cn cEmail:moupeng@mail.tsinghua.edu.cn Keywords: Thermal accommodation, PECVD, Heat transfer Abstract: The temperature distribution in the reactor, especially on the surface of the wafer, is the important factors influencing the chemical reaction in CVD and PECVD process.
It will improperly activate or inhibit some chemical reaction between the reactants when the temperature deviation is too high, and lead to the property of the film deviate the expectation.
To analyze the heat transfer in PECVD reactor considering all of the above factors is very difficult.
Thus Twt decreased with the increase of H1 under the effects of these two opposite factors, but the changes were slightly.
Sala, A., Radiant Properties of Materials: Tables of radiant values for black body and real materials. 1986: PWM-Polish Scientific Publishers

Although the mechanical behavior of BMGs is being studied widely, the fatigue characteristics are poorly understood.
BMGs exhibit many excellent properties: high strength; high hardness; low coefficients of friction; high wear resistance; high corrosion resistance; low shrinkage during cooling; and almost perfect as-cast surfaces [9-12].
Many factors, such as the mean stress, specimen geometry, chemical environment, sample quality, residual stress, and surface condition, could affect the fatigue behavior of BMGs.
The stress-concentration factor (Kt) of 1.55 [19-23] was employed on the stress-range values at the notched section.
Note that the stress range here didn't include the stress concentration factor that resulted from the notch.