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Online since: November 2016
Authors: Roberto Montanari, Alessandra Varone, Saulius Kaciulis, Gabriele Lapi, Carlo Alvani, Francesca Varsano, Marco Gambini, Michela Vellini
Kennedy et al. [9] showed that the decomposition of TiH2 in Ar occurs in two stages: 1- the reduction up to stoichiometry δ-TiH1.5, 2- with progressive heating, decomposition of the hydride to form the β- and α-phases.
The XPS data were processed by the Avantage v.5 software.
These results are in agreement with the data reported in literature [9-12].
This result combined with the data of XRD is indicating that the first stage of TiH2 surface oxidation produces Ti2O as precursor oxide of the final and stable TiO2.
The XPS data were processed by the Avantage v.5 software.
These results are in agreement with the data reported in literature [9-12].
This result combined with the data of XRD is indicating that the first stage of TiH2 surface oxidation produces Ti2O as precursor oxide of the final and stable TiO2.
Online since: April 2015
Authors: Shian Gao, Sutthinan Srirattayawong
Also, improvements in computer processors mean data can be evaluated quickly.
Table 1: The common data using in the CFD model Parameters Value Unit Input data - An applied load, W 50,000 N/m - Average velocity, Ua 2.5 m/s Solid properties (top and bottom cylinders) - Elastic modulus of solids, E1, E2 130, 450 GPa - Poisson's ratio of solids, , 0.33, 0.15 - - Specific heat of solids, Cp1, Cp2 380, 1050 J/Kg-K - Density of solids, 8450, 3800 kg/m3 - Thermal conductivity, k1, k2 125, 29 W/m-K Lubricant properties - Inlet viscosity of lubricant, 0.01 Pa-s - Vapour dynamic viscosity, μv 8.97x10-6 Pa-s - Liquid density, ρl 846.0 kg/m3 - Vapour density, ρv 0.0288 kg/m3 - Thermal conductivity of lubricant, k 0.15 W/m-K - Temperature-viscosity coefficient of lubricant, 6.4 x10-4 1/K - Specific heat of lubricant, Cp 2,300 J/ Kg-K - Thermal expansivity of lubricant, 4.5x10-4 1/K - Pressure-viscosity coefficient, z 0.689 - The lubricant density is also the function of the pressure and temperature which is recommended by Dowson [3].
The influence of surface roughness is increased when the temperature increases, due to the reduction in viscosity.
Table 1: The common data using in the CFD model Parameters Value Unit Input data - An applied load, W 50,000 N/m - Average velocity, Ua 2.5 m/s Solid properties (top and bottom cylinders) - Elastic modulus of solids, E1, E2 130, 450 GPa - Poisson's ratio of solids, , 0.33, 0.15 - - Specific heat of solids, Cp1, Cp2 380, 1050 J/Kg-K - Density of solids, 8450, 3800 kg/m3 - Thermal conductivity, k1, k2 125, 29 W/m-K Lubricant properties - Inlet viscosity of lubricant, 0.01 Pa-s - Vapour dynamic viscosity, μv 8.97x10-6 Pa-s - Liquid density, ρl 846.0 kg/m3 - Vapour density, ρv 0.0288 kg/m3 - Thermal conductivity of lubricant, k 0.15 W/m-K - Temperature-viscosity coefficient of lubricant, 6.4 x10-4 1/K - Specific heat of lubricant, Cp 2,300 J/ Kg-K - Thermal expansivity of lubricant, 4.5x10-4 1/K - Pressure-viscosity coefficient, z 0.689 - The lubricant density is also the function of the pressure and temperature which is recommended by Dowson [3].
The influence of surface roughness is increased when the temperature increases, due to the reduction in viscosity.
Online since: March 2022
Authors: Juan M. Alvarado-Orozco, Alberto Álvarez-Trejo, Enrique Cuan-Urquizo, Armando Roman, Leonardo I. Farfan-Cabrera, L.G. Trápaga-Martínez
Considering the same deflection δ from the previously mentioned simulations, when plotting L2 against δ/L, data points lie within a line of slope F/3EI and intercept F/κGA, from which ⟨E⟩ and ⟨G⟩ are calculated.
A sample of the generated lattice arrangements is shown next to each data point in Figure 2.
⟨E⟩ is 16% to 71% smaller when calculating it from the second modal frequency, while the reduction ranges from 81% to 95% in the fifth mode.
Comparing the values obtained here with experimental data and analyzing higher vibration modes would lead to find the most accurate numerical approach for obtaining the apparent mechanical properties of these metamaterials.
A sample of the generated lattice arrangements is shown next to each data point in Figure 2.
⟨E⟩ is 16% to 71% smaller when calculating it from the second modal frequency, while the reduction ranges from 81% to 95% in the fifth mode.
Comparing the values obtained here with experimental data and analyzing higher vibration modes would lead to find the most accurate numerical approach for obtaining the apparent mechanical properties of these metamaterials.
Online since: June 2015
Authors: M.A.G. Figueiredo, W.C. Souza, S.S.X. Chiaro, Harrison Corrêa, L.B. Ventura, H.L. Corrêa, R.J.F. Souza
Aiming to check the reduction of severity of HDT, some authors have studied the adsorption of nitrogen on the middle oil fraction, before this feedstock passes through the HDT.
Treatment of data The adsorption isotherm data were treated by adoption of physical adsorption with overlapping layers.
This change in classification of adsorbents can be attributed to the following reasons: - In the kinetic studies of sulfur adsorption, the experimental data oscillated considerably when Attapulgite was used; - The kinetic test time was 300 minutes, while the time of the isotherms was 480 minutes.
Treatment of data The adsorption isotherm data were treated by adoption of physical adsorption with overlapping layers.
This change in classification of adsorbents can be attributed to the following reasons: - In the kinetic studies of sulfur adsorption, the experimental data oscillated considerably when Attapulgite was used; - The kinetic test time was 300 minutes, while the time of the isotherms was 480 minutes.
Online since: January 2013
Authors: Francesco La Via, Giuseppe D'Arrigo, Ruggero Anzalone, Massimo Camarda, Andrea Severino, Antonino La Magna, Nicolò Piluso, Alessandro Auditore
For further confirmation of profilometer data, a charge-coupled device (CCD) camera coupled with a high resolution optical microscope (100 times) is used to measure the different in z-direction (Δz) between the center and the wafer border.
The results are reported on table 1 were is possible to observe as the optical measure confirm the profilometer data.
From these results it is possible to observe that the FEM simulations are consistent with the experimental data so, i.e. we find an increase of the curvature from no cut configuration to first and second cut.
As reported in table 1 for the 6 inches wafer, we observed a reduction of the TO Raman shift, from 795,14 to 794,84 cm-1 [10].
The results are reported on table 1 were is possible to observe as the optical measure confirm the profilometer data.
From these results it is possible to observe that the FEM simulations are consistent with the experimental data so, i.e. we find an increase of the curvature from no cut configuration to first and second cut.
As reported in table 1 for the 6 inches wafer, we observed a reduction of the TO Raman shift, from 795,14 to 794,84 cm-1 [10].
Online since: February 2014
Authors: Jin Gang Gao, Wen Zhou Liu, Chen Rong Liu, Yong Gui Zhang
The joint deformation of the robot is mainly from the transmission, the reduction gear device and the servo driving system.
Firstly select the 40 sets of data as the initial population, the position of the 40 point data in the robot coordinate system is shown in Table 2, the individual genetic evaluation function (11) is used to solve the optimal position of the workpiece coordinate the iteration after 1000 times, the position of the point in the coordinate system of the robot is nij = [-804.282 -932.68 848.4414] , when the workpiece coordinate is in this point ,the deformation of the robot end-tool is minimum during the milling process , the machining errors is guaranteed within 1.04mm.As shown in Figure 3, the vertical axis shows the maximum of the deformation error of the the robot end-tool for each workpiece coordinate point corresponding the 100 feeding trajectory points , compared the maximum of the tool trajectory error shown in Figure 4 with each set of data in Figure 3, it shows that the deformation of the end-tool of the resulting workpiece position is the after the hybrid genetic algorithm optimization
Firstly select the 40 sets of data as the initial population, the position of the 40 point data in the robot coordinate system is shown in Table 2, the individual genetic evaluation function (11) is used to solve the optimal position of the workpiece coordinate the iteration after 1000 times, the position of the point in the coordinate system of the robot is nij = [-804.282 -932.68 848.4414] , when the workpiece coordinate is in this point ,the deformation of the robot end-tool is minimum during the milling process , the machining errors is guaranteed within 1.04mm.As shown in Figure 3, the vertical axis shows the maximum of the deformation error of the the robot end-tool for each workpiece coordinate point corresponding the 100 feeding trajectory points , compared the maximum of the tool trajectory error shown in Figure 4 with each set of data in Figure 3, it shows that the deformation of the end-tool of the resulting workpiece position is the after the hybrid genetic algorithm optimization
Online since: February 2014
Authors: Yong Heng Fang, Ting Wang
Policy risk refers to the state or local government's macroeconomic policies (such as monetary policy, fiscal policy, trade policy, regional development policies, etc.) changes affect the risk of cluster development, the specific performance of government policy intervention, directly or
indirectly, the product market and enterprise networks, while the market demand reduction and destruction of cluster network will lead to the decline of the cluster [6] [7].
Science refers to each of the indicators with objective reality. objectivity, also known as authenticity, refers to cluster of risk indicators should be based on actual data or matter as a basis for selection, confirmation and quantification, Accurately reflect the elements to meet the requirements to ensure that the results of the evaluation information and evaluation true and reliable; Relevance refers to the risk indicators should be chosen with the development of industrial clusters real operating conditions .
Judgment Matrix.The use of expert scoring method, according to the machine tool industry cluster Baoji research data, the judgment matrix is constructed as follows: An indicator for each object A judgment matrix; two indicators C1-C5 on an indicator B1 judgment matrix; Two indicators on a C6-C10 B2 indicators judgment matrix; two indicators C11-C15 B3 indicators on a judgment matrix; two indicators C16-C20 B4 indicators on a judgment matrix .
Determine the Evaluation Class Collections and Reviews.According to survey results give each index evaluation set, if an indicator survey data show that 40% the research object evaluation is "small", 20% evaluation is "medium", and 30%evaluation is "large", 10% assessment is "great", then the evaluation of the index set for the[0.4,0.2,0.3,0.1] .
Science refers to each of the indicators with objective reality. objectivity, also known as authenticity, refers to cluster of risk indicators should be based on actual data or matter as a basis for selection, confirmation and quantification, Accurately reflect the elements to meet the requirements to ensure that the results of the evaluation information and evaluation true and reliable; Relevance refers to the risk indicators should be chosen with the development of industrial clusters real operating conditions .
Judgment Matrix.The use of expert scoring method, according to the machine tool industry cluster Baoji research data, the judgment matrix is constructed as follows: An indicator for each object A judgment matrix; two indicators C1-C5 on an indicator B1 judgment matrix; Two indicators on a C6-C10 B2 indicators judgment matrix; two indicators C11-C15 B3 indicators on a judgment matrix; two indicators C16-C20 B4 indicators on a judgment matrix .
Determine the Evaluation Class Collections and Reviews.According to survey results give each index evaluation set, if an indicator survey data show that 40% the research object evaluation is "small", 20% evaluation is "medium", and 30%evaluation is "large", 10% assessment is "great", then the evaluation of the index set for the[0.4,0.2,0.3,0.1] .
Online since: June 2014
Authors: Lei Shi, Ping Ning, Yue Hong Yang, Yang Cheng
At present, The ways used to remove heavy metal ions include chemical precipitation, adsorption, ion-exchange, reverse osmosis, electrodialysis, electrochemical reduction, etc[4].
Those data show that the adsorption equilibrium is attained after 70 min.
The balance data for the adsorption are generally known as adsorption isotherms.
Hence, the Freundlich adsorption isotherm fitted with the experimental data better than the Langmuir adsorption isotherm.
Those data show that the adsorption equilibrium is attained after 70 min.
The balance data for the adsorption are generally known as adsorption isotherms.
Hence, the Freundlich adsorption isotherm fitted with the experimental data better than the Langmuir adsorption isotherm.
Online since: January 2015
Authors: Domenico Castiello, Monica Puccini
Many cleaner approaches aimed at reduction of wastes proved to be environmentally beneficial [1].
The data reported are the mean of eight determinations.
The data reported are the mean of four determinations.
The data reported are the mean of two determinations.
The data reported are the mean of eight determinations.
The data reported are the mean of four determinations.
The data reported are the mean of two determinations.
Online since: May 2016
Authors: Januarty Jaya Ekaputri, Koichi Maekawa, Tetsuya Ishida
From a saturated condition to dry condition, measurable reduction in RH will only occur after pores with radii of 50 nm to 100 nm have been emptied.
The data logger has 20 channels, which can be connected to the personal computer for data record as illustrated in Fig 1.
The input data used in the analytical program such as the geometric conditions, mix proportions, and the atmospheric condition is the same as those used in the experiment.
The data logger has 20 channels, which can be connected to the personal computer for data record as illustrated in Fig 1.
The input data used in the analytical program such as the geometric conditions, mix proportions, and the atmospheric condition is the same as those used in the experiment.