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Yin et al. discovered that the mesogenic diacrylate monomer 4,4’-bisacryloylbiphenyl (without flexible spacers between the acrylate functional groups and the rigid core) formed rice-grain-like polymer network with poor orientation, and response time of the film was overlong [8].
Therefore the number of scattering centers increases.

SEM 10 20 30 40 50 60 0 5 10 15 20 Particle number Particle size (nm) TIS49 =35.1 nm Fig. 2 SEM micrograph (a) and particle size distribution (b) with average particle diameter 〈d〉 of TIS49 nanopowder.
Temperature dependence of Raman spectra, shown in Fig. 4d, points out to the great blueshift and broadening of the Eg mode with temperature increase. 120 130 140 150 160 120 130 140 150 160 170 TIS49 (12.3nm) TIS42 (17.4 nm) grain size (a) (c) (b) nonstoichiometry strain TIS57 (0.80%) TIS49 (0.02%) anharmonicity Intensity [a.u.]

The purity, relative density and mean grain size were 99.5%, 97.7% and 6 µm, respectively.
The numbers of elements and nodes are 2977 and 6082, respectively.

However, such a large number of Ni2+ on Mn sites(16d) will be prone to exchange with Li+(8a), leading to a blockage of 3D-network of Li+ immigration passageways [17].
In figure 2, the diffraction peaks shift slightly to larger 2q angles comparing with those of LiMn2O4, indicating that cell parameters get smaller upon Ni and Ni, Cr substituting, this is confirmed by Sun [6] .Sun and co-worker found that the Ni, Cr substitutions for Mn in LiMn2O4 lattice would impede grains to grow on calcination reactions, and lattice parameters get smaller.

Two symmetrically patterned plates were fused together to form a homogeneous 2-dimensional porous network having a patterned area of 20 mm × 10 mm, composed of 576 discoid silica grains (590 μm diameter).
The homogeneous patterns had total pore body number of 1186.

One part of this study was dedicated to confirm whether cyclic loading/unloading indentation can be used as an efficient and time saving alternative to large number of single indentations at different loads.
It also allows local characterization of elastic-plastic behavior of single grains which would otherwise be very difficult or impossible to obtain by standard tensile testing.

In fact, a large number of HBMCA are used under high temperature.
With the decrease of temperature, the primary γ leads to eutectoid reaction, and the secondary boron carbon compounds dissolve out among the intracrystalline and grain boundary.

The introduction of structural defects such as dislocations and grain boundaries in the reactants also contributes to the change of the reaction kinetics [1, 4].
A number of research work dealt with the double phase mechanical activation in TiO2-Al-C system have been published.

Fig. 1 The flow chart of the solar image segmentation Since feature detection techniques are to be applied automatically on a large number of images, all digital images are required to be pre-processed to a similar standard.
Another problem is that spectroheliograms are generated by scanning the disk horizontally, and a grain of dust lying on the entrance slit leads to a dark straight line on the image, so we must removal the dust line [15].

Recently, the concern in the integrity of the dissimilar metal welds have been raising significantly since cracking incidents occurred in a number of PWRs such as V.C.
The 316L exhibits typical austenitic grains.