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Although clipping performs very well with low modulation orders, clipping error becomes very significant with higher orders and seriously degrades performance[6], which makes companding more suitable for high data rates applications.Therefore, this paper give a improved scheme for companding transform to reduce PAPR, that is with the improved imitation the voice signal compression technology of u-law to reduce the PAPR.
At receiving end, the inverse companding transform to the signals is implemented，that is Eq. 3: Where V' is the average amplitude of receipt signal . 2 Simulation Of The Companding Transform FFT points is 128, the cycle prefix length CP is 16, the OFDM symbol number is 1000, the modulation order number is 1, the length of data is 128*1000, simulation with u=1,2,3,4.
Thus, the BER of the system could be neglected when the companding transform is used. 4 Conclution OFDM technology has a lot of advantages and especially suitable for the mobile data transmission.
Mohamed, in:A comparison between signal clipping and μ-law companding schemes for the reduction of peak-to-average power ratio of OFDM signals[J], in Proc. 1st Int.
Zeidler, in:The effectiveness of signal clipping for PAPR and total degradation reduction in OFDM systems[J], in Proc. of the IEEE Global Telecommun.

The dome-covered helps to reduce the heating load by 79.3% on January 21st with annual average reduction of 92.9% and if the house is located in Yellowknife, the annual heating load reduction would be 56.3%.
Solar radiation is calculated using data from ASHRAE[15].
Fig. 3 shows a reduction of 79.3% in heating load on January 21st.
The simulation on the annual weather data shows an average reduction of heating load is 92.9% in Montreal and 56.3% in Yellowknife.
This reduction is due to: 1) collection of solar radiation inside the dome; 2) increase of the air temperature inside the dome as compared to the outside air temperature; 3) reduction of wind speed in winter due to the protection of dome enclosure.

RFNN Detection Model The RFNN detection model detailed as follows: firstly, establish the sample data table; secondly, use the rough set theory to reduce the condition attribute values; then extract rules from the decision table to determine the initial fuzzy neural network topology; finally, use the original data to train the network and adjust its structure, and thus the optimal maneuverable events detection model is obtained.
The Establishment of Sample Data Table Rough set theory is established on the basis of equivalence classes, the main idea is to use known knowledge base to approximately depict the inexact or uncertain knowledge[8].
Each discrete data sample in the table can be regarded as a rule, confidence level of the rule is defined as: (3) is the jth rule in the formula，.
If is the independent subset of , and , then is called the reduction of .
As experiments have shown that the proposed method can reflect the good topology of data characteristics, it has simple structures and fast learning rate.

Alloy specimens were initially aged at 525°C, cold-rolled to a 25% reduction and then re-aged at 425°C.
The dislocation density in each specimen was estimated by the Warren–Aberbach method based on the Williamson–Hall plots using the conventional X-ray diffraction data for {111}, {200}, {220}, and {311} reflections.
Thus, f was calculated by applying the electrical resistivities measured before aging at 525°C and after aging at 525°C and 425°C to experimental data for the dependence of the electrical resistivity on Ni, Co and Si concentrations in Cu given in Ref. [10].
Also shown are data previously obtained by Watanabe and Monzen [15]. where k is a coarsening parameter given by Ardell [14].
In Fig. 5, data previously obtained by Watanabe and Monzen [15] using the same method are also shown.

As solid fuel burning mechanism fundamentals and kinetics are sufficiently considered in the works [15 – 20], it seems practical to consider only data obtained for coal burning kinetics in atmosphere with various oxygen contents.
The experimental data processing results provided the coal major burning rate, vf, min-1 , dependence on oxygen content in gas phase О2, %, and on the sample heating rate vt, оС/min, which is represented in the form of an equation describing experimental data with a probability of 0.95: .
The following date was calculated based on the iron and iron monoxide content in the roasted ore: the minimum possible iron content at complete oxidation Femin, excess iron amount β equal to difference, the maximum possible excess iron content at complete reduction βmax, iron reduction degree based on oxygen γ.
Even more noticeable reduction of β and γ roasting values is observed throughout the layer height (extreme values differ by 2 – 3 times).
Additional coal weight increase by 200 g in the layer (through ore weight reduction by this value) and roasting at the temperature of 1000оС (water cooling) allowed achievement of the maximum iron reduction degree equal to 21.05 %.

The risk analysis is a systematic and structured data processing to identify potential hazards.
The qualification of risks consists of choice of method and determinative indicators, input data and simulation of model with drawing results.
Minor Minor reduction in technical performance or supportability.
The category of high risks includes risk of reduction of indoor air quality (draft or cold radiation) and risk of reduction of the efficiency of the ventilation system.
Martin, Information Security Risk Assessment Toolkit: Practical Assessments through Data Collection and Data Analysis, first ed., Newnes, 2012

A significant reduction in the wear volume can be observed for the transition to mixed lubrication which also correlates with the drop down of the COF.
In the boundary lubrication regime, a slight reduction in the COF for the micro-coined samples compared to the tested reference surfaces is visible.
Due to the fact that boundary lubrication is mainly dominated by solid-state contact, the reduction in the COF for the micro-coined surfaces can be traced back to a texture-induced reduction of the contact area.
For mixed and hydrodynamic lubrication, no significant differences between the micro-coined and reference samples can be seen due to data scattering and error bars.
Yamauchi et al, Effect of surface texturing on friction reduction between ceramic and steel materials under lubricated sliding contact.

On the other hand, the reduction in strength and weight loss of specimens increased with increase in the exposure time.
Limited experimental data reported by Torii and Kawamura [8], found that FA and silica fume appear to increase the resistance significantly, but only when the amount is above a certain level, which is dependent on the type of sulfate solution.
However, limited data is available on the effects of RHA as a replacement of Portland cement subjected to sodium sulfate solution via wetting and drying cycles.
Data from Table 1 shows that the main component of RHA is SiO2.
The reduction in compressive strength of specimens increased at the earlier age of exposure.

In accordance with the data from medical reference literature, the energy dose flowing through a given body part is the reason behind the malfunction or injury of the body part affected due to the interaction with the machine [1].
The so far applied methods of the reduction of vibrations rendered no satisfactory results.
Significant reduction of power in subsequent points of reduction related to human’s subsystem is due to the introduced, innovative vibroisolation WoSSO.
In the point of reduction: handles-palms (H-P) mean value of power ranged from 0,0063 to 0,042 W, while in the other reduction point: forearm-elbow (F-E) from 0,0015 to 0,0036 W.
When we know mean power values in two points of reduction that are connected with the spatial vibroisolation WoSSO, we can determine the energy efficiency of the reduction in the energy flow in this system.

Process time reduction and energy/cost savings are usually in the focus of production process improvements.
Process time reduction and energy saving are the positive effects of the microwave curing technology.
Introduction Energy-efficient processes are in the focus not only due to the CO2 footprint reduction but also for cost and time saving.
(3) While λ0 is the vacuum wavelength εr’ and tan δ need to be measured properly or sometimes are available through various data bases or publications.
Microwave curing can easily be integrated in current process flows and replace time-consuming oven cycles with a reduction in energy consumption and shorter cycle times.