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Online since: January 2013
Authors: Liu Sheng Zha, Xiao Yun Liu, Xiu Qing Wang
a duckahu@163.com,b xyliu@dhu.edu.cn, c lszha@dhu.edu.cn
Keywords: Silver nanoparticle, Composite microsphere, In-situ reduction, PH sensitivity, Localized surface plasmon resonance.
The silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) were loaded into pH sensitive polymer microspheres by in-situ reduction method, which are composed of linear poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) and cross-linked poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM).
In this paper, Ag NPs were loaded into the pH sensitive polymer microspheres synthesized by one-step precipitation polymerization step, by in-situ reduction of Ag+ coordinated into their polymer network.
Then, 0.04 g of AgNO3 was dissolved in the dispersion, followed by stirring and purging with nitrogen gas for 30 min at 30℃. 0.04 g of NaBH4 dissolved in 3 mL water was added into the reaction solution, and the reduction reaction was carried out at 30℃ under nitrogen purge for 1 h.
The scattering light was collected at 90°, and the CONTIN statistical method was used to convert the measured correlation data into a particle size distribution.
The silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) were loaded into pH sensitive polymer microspheres by in-situ reduction method, which are composed of linear poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) and cross-linked poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM).
In this paper, Ag NPs were loaded into the pH sensitive polymer microspheres synthesized by one-step precipitation polymerization step, by in-situ reduction of Ag+ coordinated into their polymer network.
Then, 0.04 g of AgNO3 was dissolved in the dispersion, followed by stirring and purging with nitrogen gas for 30 min at 30℃. 0.04 g of NaBH4 dissolved in 3 mL water was added into the reaction solution, and the reduction reaction was carried out at 30℃ under nitrogen purge for 1 h.
The scattering light was collected at 90°, and the CONTIN statistical method was used to convert the measured correlation data into a particle size distribution.
Online since: October 2007
Authors: Qing Liu, Niels Hansen, Andrew Godfrey, H.S. Chen
It is important to note
however that such microstructures are not uniform, although detailed experimental data concerning
the dependence of the deformation microstructure on the crystal orientation are limited.
Microstructures in: (a) S region, 90% reduction; (b) B region, 90% reduction; (c) S region, 90% reduction (the high angle subgrains are highlighted); (d) 98% reduction sample.
These data show a small increase in the fraction of very low misorientations (from 2° to 3°).
One possibility is that this increase is related to the required minimum misorientation boundary definition threshold used in EBSD data analysis.
Further investigation of this will require comparison of EBSD data with transmission electron microscopy data from regions of similar crystal orientation.
Microstructures in: (a) S region, 90% reduction; (b) B region, 90% reduction; (c) S region, 90% reduction (the high angle subgrains are highlighted); (d) 98% reduction sample.
These data show a small increase in the fraction of very low misorientations (from 2° to 3°).
One possibility is that this increase is related to the required minimum misorientation boundary definition threshold used in EBSD data analysis.
Further investigation of this will require comparison of EBSD data with transmission electron microscopy data from regions of similar crystal orientation.
Online since: November 2015
Authors: Thomas H.J. Uhlemann, Justus Dill, Rolf Steinhilper, Frank Kübler
This article presents a procedure for real data based assessment of industrial cleaning equipment.
The necessary data for determination of the OEE factors and energy consumption values are recorded by a measuring system.
The continuously collected data for the cleaning process are shown in Figure 1.
Figure 3: Energy consumption and operating state data of an automotive component cleaning operation Linking Manufacturing Process Data and Energy Consumption Data for the Synergetic Increase of Cleaning Equipment The obtained OEE and energy consumption information based on generated data are then used to support continuous improvement processes (CIP) to define energy efficiency and productivity-enhancing measures.
Thus, by virtually the same data collection effort, the effect of operational optimization measures based on analysis has significantly increased.
The necessary data for determination of the OEE factors and energy consumption values are recorded by a measuring system.
The continuously collected data for the cleaning process are shown in Figure 1.
Figure 3: Energy consumption and operating state data of an automotive component cleaning operation Linking Manufacturing Process Data and Energy Consumption Data for the Synergetic Increase of Cleaning Equipment The obtained OEE and energy consumption information based on generated data are then used to support continuous improvement processes (CIP) to define energy efficiency and productivity-enhancing measures.
Thus, by virtually the same data collection effort, the effect of operational optimization measures based on analysis has significantly increased.
Online since: July 2014
Authors: Xiao Chun Fan, Yun Wei Chen, Hu Chen
The reduction rate with mineral powder is smaller.
Research results provide valuable experimental data for the engineering application of inorganic polymer concrete.
And the reduction rate of specimens with mineral powder is smaller.
The reduction rate of specimens with mineral powder is smaller.
The reduction rate is about 8%.
Research results provide valuable experimental data for the engineering application of inorganic polymer concrete.
And the reduction rate of specimens with mineral powder is smaller.
The reduction rate of specimens with mineral powder is smaller.
The reduction rate is about 8%.
Online since: October 2010
Authors: Li Hua Zhang
Interface Data Based on XML Files.
Data transferred from composite design software to analysis software consists of geometric data and laminate lay-up definition data.
Analysis software can acquire geometric data directly by data interfaces or standard files.
Laser projection data files consist of laser projection data and calibration data.
The first approach is having calibration data within the laser projection data file; the second approach is utilizing a separate file for calibration data.
Data transferred from composite design software to analysis software consists of geometric data and laminate lay-up definition data.
Analysis software can acquire geometric data directly by data interfaces or standard files.
Laser projection data files consist of laser projection data and calibration data.
The first approach is having calibration data within the laser projection data file; the second approach is utilizing a separate file for calibration data.
Online since: May 2015
Authors: R.O. Ocaya
email: ocayaro@qwa.uovs.ac.za
Keywords: FPGA, CCD sensor, High speed data acquisition, Spectrometer, MicroBlaze core.
The host interface is high-speed USB for data exchange with high-level environments such as Visual Basic, MATLAB and LABVIEW.
There are various soundcard based oscilloscope and data-logging programs that can also be used for read-out[25].
From left to right: laser, grating, a reduction lens.
Results The spectrometer was calibrated using semi-flash ADC data on 633nm and 635nm (red) lasers.
The host interface is high-speed USB for data exchange with high-level environments such as Visual Basic, MATLAB and LABVIEW.
There are various soundcard based oscilloscope and data-logging programs that can also be used for read-out[25].
From left to right: laser, grating, a reduction lens.
Results The spectrometer was calibrated using semi-flash ADC data on 633nm and 635nm (red) lasers.
Online since: August 2013
Authors: Jian Wei Ma, Ya Rui Song
The product formed during Fe(VI) reduction is Fe(III), which is not harmful or toxic for humans and the environment.
Then the absorbance data were converted to Fe(VI) concentration using a computational program based on the calibration with Fe(VI) standard.
Experimental data also showed that Fe(VI) could eliminate 99.9% of bacteria in every tested effluent sample (with various initial bacterial number, Table 1) even at this low treatment concentration, irrespective of the initial bacteria number.
On the basis of COD, TOC data it can be stated that using 3 mg L-1 Fe(VI) dosage the reduction of all organic suspended solids was obtained in both secondary effluents.
Summary The experimental data showed that municipal secondary effluents of two different WTPs treated by a low Fe(VI) concentration (3mg L-1) resulted in higher than 99.9% reduction of indigenous heterotrophic bacteria in most cases.
Then the absorbance data were converted to Fe(VI) concentration using a computational program based on the calibration with Fe(VI) standard.
Experimental data also showed that Fe(VI) could eliminate 99.9% of bacteria in every tested effluent sample (with various initial bacterial number, Table 1) even at this low treatment concentration, irrespective of the initial bacteria number.
On the basis of COD, TOC data it can be stated that using 3 mg L-1 Fe(VI) dosage the reduction of all organic suspended solids was obtained in both secondary effluents.
Summary The experimental data showed that municipal secondary effluents of two different WTPs treated by a low Fe(VI) concentration (3mg L-1) resulted in higher than 99.9% reduction of indigenous heterotrophic bacteria in most cases.
Online since: January 2007
Authors: Herbert Danninger, Chen Xu, Björn Lindqvist
The removal of oxygen during sintering by carbothermic reduction and the resulting
carbon loss were studied for steel compacts prepared with the compositions Fe-3%Cr-0.5%Mo0.5%C
and Fe-1.5%Mo-0.5%C, respectively, prepared from prealloyed powders.
The bars were inserted into a pushrod dilatometer Bähr 801 and sintered in rotary pump vacuum (cold: approx. 6 x 10 -3 mbar), to ensure that only carbothermic reduction would take place.
(For assessing the impact energy data it should be kept in mind that the data are from only 1-2 parallel specimens each).
This is in excellent agreement with the data for the oxygen content: here the high levels after sintering at 1100°C stand out clearly while after sintering at 1300°C significantly lower values have been measured, although a marked effect of the green density is observed: the high density material contains considerably more oxygen after sintering at both temperatures, but the relative effect of the green density is much more pronounced at higher temperatures.
The oxygen levels after sintering are clearly related to the carbon levels, low oxygen content - and thus effective reduction - being linked to higher carbon loss during sintering.
The bars were inserted into a pushrod dilatometer Bähr 801 and sintered in rotary pump vacuum (cold: approx. 6 x 10 -3 mbar), to ensure that only carbothermic reduction would take place.
(For assessing the impact energy data it should be kept in mind that the data are from only 1-2 parallel specimens each).
This is in excellent agreement with the data for the oxygen content: here the high levels after sintering at 1100°C stand out clearly while after sintering at 1300°C significantly lower values have been measured, although a marked effect of the green density is observed: the high density material contains considerably more oxygen after sintering at both temperatures, but the relative effect of the green density is much more pronounced at higher temperatures.
The oxygen levels after sintering are clearly related to the carbon levels, low oxygen content - and thus effective reduction - being linked to higher carbon loss during sintering.
Online since: July 2015
Authors: Fabian Köster, Vasileios Ramopoulos, Stefan Betz
Process time reduction and energy/cost savings are usually in the focus of production process improvements.
Process time reduction and energy saving are the positive effects of the microwave curing technology.
Introduction Energy-efficient processes are in the focus not only due to the CO2 footprint reduction but also for cost and time saving.
(3) While λ0 is the vacuum wavelength εr’ and tan δ need to be measured properly or sometimes are available through various data bases or publications.
Microwave curing can easily be integrated in current process flows and replace time-consuming oven cycles with a reduction in energy consumption and shorter cycle times.
Process time reduction and energy saving are the positive effects of the microwave curing technology.
Introduction Energy-efficient processes are in the focus not only due to the CO2 footprint reduction but also for cost and time saving.
(3) While λ0 is the vacuum wavelength εr’ and tan δ need to be measured properly or sometimes are available through various data bases or publications.
Microwave curing can easily be integrated in current process flows and replace time-consuming oven cycles with a reduction in energy consumption and shorter cycle times.
Online since: January 2014
Authors: Chi Chih Shen
The numerical simulation results were then compared with the experimental data reported by AL-Salehi et al. (1973).
Compared with the experimental data reported by AL-Salehi (1973), these results are still within the reasonable range.
Figure 1 shows the comparison between the rolling force in cold rolling and experimental data.
Comparison between the average rolling force from Units l to 4 and the experimental data obtained by Al-Salehi et al. (1973).
the average rolling force from(N/mm) reduction cold rolling the experimental data (%) results Load cell Integrated Calculated 14.17 718 637 767 622 21.86 1127 1048 1281 842 29.40 1646 1474 1569 1024 34.41 2035 1839 2l08 1161 Fig. 1.
Compared with the experimental data reported by AL-Salehi (1973), these results are still within the reasonable range.
Figure 1 shows the comparison between the rolling force in cold rolling and experimental data.
Comparison between the average rolling force from Units l to 4 and the experimental data obtained by Al-Salehi et al. (1973).
the average rolling force from(N/mm) reduction cold rolling the experimental data (%) results Load cell Integrated Calculated 14.17 718 637 767 622 21.86 1127 1048 1281 842 29.40 1646 1474 1569 1024 34.41 2035 1839 2l08 1161 Fig. 1.