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Arjun, Gypsum Products and Properties as A Building Material for Construction, The Constructor Civil Engineering Home, (2016)
Golotina, Determination of calcium Sulfate Hemehydrate Modification by X- ray Diffraction Analysis,Journal of Procedia Engineering.165(2006)1343-1347
AbdulKhaliq, The Effect of Some Natural Admixtures on the Setting Time of Iraqi Plaster of Paris, Jornal of Engineering and Development (2005)
AL-Qaisi,"Some of the effect of Chemical Additives on the Setting Time for Iraqi Technical Gypsum ", Journal of Engineering and Development (2004)
AL- Ameeri, Effect of Elevated Temperature on Some Properties of Technical Gypsum Reinforced by Cellulose Fiber, International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET).5 (2014)10-27

., 195251 St.Petersburg, Russia 2Institute for Problems in Mechanical Engineering, Russian Academy of Sci., 61 Bolshoy Pr.
Fatigue Assessment of Tubular Structures // Magazine of Civil Engineering, No1 (36), (2013) pp. 39-47 [15] R.E.
Fatigue of a Fillet-welded Joint Assessment by the FEA Simulation of Damage Accumulation // Magazine of Civil Engineering. (2011) No4 (22), pp..5-9 ISSN 2071-4726 [18] M.
Fatigue & Fracture of Engineering Materials & Structures, (2016) pp.1-29
Basics of engineering assessment of fatigue of mechanical components.

Xiao3,c 1Department of Civil Engineering Postgraduate Programme Lambung Mangkurat University, Banjarmasin 70123, Indonesia 2Department of Civil and Structural Engineering, National University of Malaysia, UKM Bangi 43600, Malaysia 3Department of Urban Engineering London South Bank University, London SE1 0AA, UK astaufik2004@yahoo.co.uk, bshah@eng.ukm.my, cxiaor2@lsbu.ac.uk Keywords:Three-dimensional; Finite Element; Angle Cleat; Cold-formed; Radiused Corner Section; High Strength Steel; Moment Capacity Abstract.
Structural Engineer Rev, 8(4) (1996), pp.315–28
[12] Gardner L, and Nethercot D.A., Numerical modelling of stainless steel structural components—a consistent approach, Journal of Structural Engineering ASCE, Vol.130 No. 10 (2004), pp. 1586–1601
[13] Abdel-Rahman N. and Sivakumaran K.S., Material properties models for analysis of cold-formed steel members, Journal of Structural Engineering ASCE, Vol.123 No.9 (1997), pp. 1135–1143
Journal of the Engineering Mechanics Division, ASCE, 101 (EM4) (1975): 511–515.

Laboratory Studies on the Influence of Ionic Strength on Particle Transport Behavior in a Saturated Porous Medium Bennacer Lyacine1,a*, Kernou Nassim2,b, Benmammar Djilali1,c 1University of Ahmed Draia - Adrar, Laboratory of Energy, Environment and Information System, LEESI, Route Nationale No. 6, 01000, Adrar, Algeria 2Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Technology, Bejaia University, 06000, Laboratory of construction engineering and architecture, Algeria a*lyacine.bennacer@univ-adrar.edu.dz, bnassim.kernou@univ-bejaia.dz, cdji.benmammar@univ-adrar.edu.dz Keywords: Suspended particles, Ionic strength, deposition, Hydrodynamic, Saturated sand Abstract.
Introduction In the civil engineering field, fine particle migration is a poorly understood pathology that can seriously affect the safety of earthen hydraulic structures (dams and dikes) [1,2].
Soga, Modelling Internal Erosion with the Material Point Method, Procedia Engineering. 175 (2017) 365-372
Le Goff, Flow of suspension through porous media, Application to deep bed filtration, Industrial and Engineering Chemistry. 62 (1970) 8-35
Elimelech, Colloid mobilisation and transport in groundwater, Colloids Surfaces/ A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects. 107 (1996) 1-56

The Application of an Immune Clonal Selection Algorithm Based on the Information Entropy in Truss Structure Multi-Objective Optimization ChangyuanHu1, a, HeshengTang1, 2, b, LixinDeng1, c, SongtaoXue1, d 1Research Institute of Structural Engineering and Disaster Reduction, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China 2State Key Laboratory for Disaster Reduction in Civil Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China acyhu527@163.com, bthstj@tongji.edu.cn, cdenglixin6016@yahoo.com.cn, dxue@tongji.edu.cn, Keywords: Information Entropy; Multi-Objective; Optimization; Trusses; Engineering; Immune Clonal Selection Algorithm Abstract.In order to solve the conflict multi-objective optimization of truss structures between the structure minimum weight and safety redundancy, the immune clonal selection algorithm based on information entropy was adopted in this paper.
In the field of structural engineering, the literature on immune clonal selection algorithm to the application of multi-objective optimization in structural systems is very few.
In the field of engineering structures, the stress of each bar more equal to each other, the better safety performance of the structure.
Therefore, the proposed method is more closely tied to the engineering practice, and has great prospect.

Adeniyi2,b, Ogwueleka Toochukwu C.1,c, Balogun Samson1,d 1Civil Engineering, Department Faculty of Engineering, University of Abuja, Federal Capital Territory Abuja, Nigeria 2Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kwara State University Malete, Kwara State a*ugochukwurc@yahoo.com, badeniyi.adeogun@kwasu.edu.ng ctoochukwu.ogwueleka@uniabuja.edu.ng, dSamson.balogun@uniabuja.edu.ng Keywords: SWART model, sediment yield, concentration, water shed.
In this study, these parameters was obtained from the soil samples from Idemili River bank which were tested in the laboratory (Civil Engineering, University of Abuja Nigeria) to obtain the soil properties of the Idemili River watershed and environment.
Faculty of Civil and Engirounds Engineering, Jimma University, Jimma 378, Ethopia 2022
International Journal of Innovative Research in Advance Engineering. (2022). 9. 2349-2163
International Journal of Advance Science Engineering Information Technology. 2016.

D Student/School of Transportation Science and Engineering, Bridge and Tunnel Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin City, 150090, China 2School of Transportation Science and Engineering, Bridge and Tunnel Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin City, 150090, China aemail: ali_hu73@yahoo.com, bemail: wangzonglin@vip.163.com Keywords: Jiamusi Bridge; Damage Inspection; Concrete Carbonation; Compressive Strength; Deflection; Strain; Stress Abstract.
The main damage occurring in reinforced concrete bridge include different types of cracks, scaling, spalling, delaminating, efflorescence, stains, corrosion of steel reinforcement, deformation, and excessive deflection. [3, 4, 5, 6] In this paper, Jiamusi highway prestressed concrete bridge is inspected by the team of inspection in School of Transportation Science and Engineering/ Bridge and Tunnel Engineering/ Harbin Institute of Technology (HIT) in China to identify damaged members and evaluate the performance of the bridge structure under dead load, live load, and environmental conditions.
[2] Indian Railways Institute of Civil Engineering (IRICE), Bridge inspection and maintenance, Pune 411001, India, (2005) [3] S.
Bindra, and K.Bindra, Elements of bridge tunnel and railway engineering, Dhanpat Rai and Sons, Delhi and Jullundur, Second Edition, India, (1980)
Manaf, Defining standard of periodic bridge maintenance activities in Iraq by adopting expert system technology, A Thesis of Master of Sciences, Civil Engineering department, University of Technology.

The Development of Prestressed Concrete Cylinder Pipe in China Zhang Hongyua, Peng Huab, Chen Xiangc College of Civil Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P.R.China aptlemoon@163.com, bhuapeng904@163.com, c119345020@qq.com Keywords: Prestressed Concrete Cylinder Pipe; Development Survey; Water Supply; Pipeline Manufacturing Abstract.
Its subsidiary Heda concrete mechanical Engineering Co.
Journal of Structural Engineering, 1990,116(7):2022-2039
Journal of Structural Engineering, 1990,116(8):2105-2126
Journal of transportation engineering, 1988,114(6):635-655

Optimal Design of Post-processing Technology Based on Bearing Capacity Control Huaifeng Tong 1,a, Bing Xie 1,b 1School of Civil Engineering, Luoyang Institute of Science and Technology , Luoyang 471023, P.R.China atonghuaifeng@126.com, blylyxb@126.com Keywords: optimal design; post-processing technology; composite foundation; bearing capacity Abstract.
Introduction Small non-sand concrete pile technology is a new foundation processing technology developed by Foundation Engineering Co., Ltd.
The size ofrelate to building requirements of the settlement, the engineering less demanding on building settlement, the value of factor may take 1.4 to 1.6, otherwise take 1.2 to 1.4.
For road works, the embankment are generally considered flexible foundation, According to a large number of engineering practice and experimental results, the appropriate replacement ratio range is 1.5 to 10%, the general often take 2.5 to 5%.
For small non-sand concrete pile, because the pile diameter affected by the engineering geological conditions and drilling equipment, the scope of common values of pile diameter changes in lesser extent, can be considered as a constant, in this case, the trends of,andis consistent.

Analysis and Research of cement mixing pile in soft ground Jiyuan Wu1,a, Yuwen Ju1,b and Yucong Zhang2,c 1College of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan,China; 2China Railway 12th Bureau, Taiyuan, China; a277257015@qq.com, bjuyuwen@tyut.edu.cn, c82876147@qq.com Keywords: cement mixing pile; weak foundation; control points; work traits Abstract: In this paper, through the design of the technical parameters, construction quality control points, the matters needs to be pay attention of cement mixing pile in soft ground treatment to analye the working properties in a flexible foundation of cement mixing pile and discuss the design methods of flexible foundation of cement mixing pile.
Once the shotcrete is insufficient, it must be in accordance with the requirements of the supervising engineer to complex pile stir in the construction , and the the complex the shotcrete amount must be greater than the design of dosage.
The ability to adapt and control standards of the different functional requirements of practical engineering buildings settlement deformation may affect mixing pile arrangement and length of pile design, and even determine the feasibility of the design[4].
Bearing capacity of composite foundation with long cement treated column in soft soil [J].Chinese journal of geotechnical engineering, 2002,24(6) [5] Hao Yulong,Wang Lizhong,Chen Yunmin,Chen Shengle.
Chinese journal of geotechnical engineering, 2000,22(4) “ In Chinese” [7] Ma Kesheng, Liang Renwang, Bai Xiaohong, Determination of bearing capacity of deep cement mixing composite foundation by test[J], Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 2004,23(15)