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The demand for large numbers of micro-optical aspherical lenses with low surface roughness has prompted the investigation into new processing method of aspherical lenses [1].
(7) where is the spherical grain diameter.

Subjected to rapid solidification, solidification behaviors and microstructural formation of materials exhibit significantly different characteristics compared to those occurring in near equilibrium solidification, e.g. grain refinement, extension of solid solubility, metastable phase formation, and so on [5].
According to the negentropy model proposed by Spaepen [10], the σsl is expressed as (2) where ΔSf is entropy of fusion, Vm is molar volume of crystalline phase, NA is Avogadro’s number, T is temperature, and the factor α is dependent on the structure of crystal nucleus.

The techonology situation of veneer splicing in our country In 1989,coorperating with JiangXi Dongtai woodworker plant and adopting the universal milling way both at home and abroad,Nanjing forestry university successfully developed the veneer longitudinal splicing machine unit[3] which got into production in places like Jilin and Jiangsu,good economic benefits were obtained.The machine adopts the method of inclined joint to realize the longitudinal lengthening of veneers,processing two inclined plane of up and down on both head of the veneer and gluing on one plane;using inclined pressing to accomplish the joint alignment and heat press,lengthening the veneer and cutthe finished products into required length.The test and application results showed that the jointing of the splicing veneers possess high strength,no glue-cracking or rupture,in addition to the difference in wood color and grain,no evident influence were observed to the veneers’ physical and mechanical properties.In short
The main reason of the problems is that the testing equipment is not ideal, using the previous photoelectric display device to detect veneer has many deficiencies, for example, the detection is so strict and the work process is more complex that it’s not conducive to the production of a large number of high-efficiency.

From the point of view of granulometric composition, the raw material used is a fine dispersed loose clay of yellowish-gray-brown color with a low content of coarse-grained inclusions.
Clay is moderately plastic (plasticity number 9-10).

The question arises, whether the ferrite microstructure seen after cooling is in fact formed from austenite (probably by a mechanism of phase transformation of a martensite-type), or it develops in the heating period, in which, in lack of time, it could not be transformed into austenite, only its grain boundaries moved.
The number of graphite particles getting into the melt pool increases continuously, since the melt islands having graphite in their interior and enclosed in the solid state part, abut and unify continuously with the melt pool at the surface (Fig. 7). 100µm Fig. 5.

Tamura [14, 15] believe that manganese disturbs the grain refinement of magnesium alloys.
Table 4 Statistical volume fraction of nonmetallic inclusions in the specimens Specimen code Number of fields Total area of fields(mm2) Maximum volume fraction (%) Minimum volume fraction (%) Average volume fraction (%) 0 100 1.4 6.53 0.95 2.06 1 100 1.4 0.55 0.16 0.21 2 100 1.4 1.01 0.25 0.86 3 100 1.4 0.52 0.19 0.23 Corrosion Resistance.

Adsorbent also can adsorb a large number of activated short life active substances in plasma discharge space or material to produce highly active free radicals before discharge.
Plasma-iron electrical material combination technology Filling iron electrical grain in discharge area can improve discharge form.

Therefore, certain number holes for abrasive tool cooling are very important.
However the size of abrasive particle should be smaller than that in the experiment, and never contain some big grain.

In Eq. (1), the six strain components are parameters to be calculated using least-square method if a sufficient number (more than six) of εΦΨ are obtained.
In Eq. (3), the direction-dependent X-ray elastic constants Ehkl can be determined by the Vook–Witt Grain Interaction Model [13].

The recursive LMS algorithm is expressed as:  (15) (16) (17) Where μ is scalar parameter (it determines the convergence of the adaptive process), W is the initial value, n is the number of weight vectors (it’s 5 in this experiment), i is the vector length of input signal.
(4) During colating, coarse grained sediment is filtered firstly.