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Online since: August 2004
Authors: Tae Won Kim
Over the past years
a number of MMCs have been developed, and among those titanium matrix composites are increasingly
attractive for a range of applications due to their high strength, stiffness, and creep resistance especially at high
temperatures [2,3].
After consolidation, the specimen allowed to furnace cool, and then usual post processing has been performed for the quantification of microstructural features such as the volume fraction of porosity and grain size.
During the thermal cycle, numbers of the AE event-counts, amplitude, and energy were measured.
As densification proceeds, the remaining porosities are expected to be removed, and thus the number of thermo-AE event-counts corresponds to the amount of porosity distributions reserved.
After consolidation, the specimen allowed to furnace cool, and then usual post processing has been performed for the quantification of microstructural features such as the volume fraction of porosity and grain size.
During the thermal cycle, numbers of the AE event-counts, amplitude, and energy were measured.
As densification proceeds, the remaining porosities are expected to be removed, and thus the number of thermo-AE event-counts corresponds to the amount of porosity distributions reserved.
Online since: January 2010
Authors: Yan He, Yang Lv, Lu Han
From the SEM photograph of the sample shown as fig 6, the mesoporous molecular sieve
samples were reunited products particles and the crystal grain are uniformly distributed.
Fig 5 TEM Photo of the samples Fig 6 SEM photo of the samples Fig 7 shows the IR pattern of the samples, the 1150 cm wave number was assigned to the unsymmetrical stretch mode of the Si-O-Si bond and the 620 cm wave number was assigned to the chain vibration of the Si-O-Si bond.
Besides, the 1225cm wave number was the dominant peak of the mesoporous molecular sieve MCM-41.
Fig 5 TEM Photo of the samples Fig 6 SEM photo of the samples Fig 7 shows the IR pattern of the samples, the 1150 cm wave number was assigned to the unsymmetrical stretch mode of the Si-O-Si bond and the 620 cm wave number was assigned to the chain vibration of the Si-O-Si bond.
Besides, the 1225cm wave number was the dominant peak of the mesoporous molecular sieve MCM-41.
Online since: March 2007
Authors: S.T. Davies
Whether or not the energy distribution at the substrate corresponds to that at the target depends on
the number of collisions between target and substrate and hence on the mean free path λ of the
sputtered species in argon.
This is evaluated from λ = 1/(√2πN(rAr+rS)2)) where N is the number of argon ions m -3 , rAr is the atomic radius of Ar and rS is the atomic radius of a sputtered atom. λ is around 120 cm for Ti and 140 cm for Ni at 0.05 mtorr.
As expected, the volume ablated increases with number of laser pulse shots and with fluence; however, other effects related to size of ablated features and crystallographic grain size can play significant roles[9].
This is evaluated from λ = 1/(√2πN(rAr+rS)2)) where N is the number of argon ions m -3 , rAr is the atomic radius of Ar and rS is the atomic radius of a sputtered atom. λ is around 120 cm for Ti and 140 cm for Ni at 0.05 mtorr.
As expected, the volume ablated increases with number of laser pulse shots and with fluence; however, other effects related to size of ablated features and crystallographic grain size can play significant roles[9].
Online since: June 2010
Authors: Bing Yang, Yong Xiang Zhao
Brittleness and grain interface fracture of high Cr and
Cr-Mo cast steels can be controlled by moderate contents of aluminum and nitrogen elements plus
sustaining temperature out of 900~1200℃ range[6].
Similar to the measurements for scattered S-� data [17], a probabilistic modeling for considering the scattered test Aeff-�s data under �s following lognormal distribution as effavavavs, lg lg ATQ� += ; effrms rms rmss, lg lg ATQ� += ; eff s, lg lg ATQ� CPCPCP −− − += (2) ( ) [ ] rmso1 av 1 QntZQQ CP CP −+−= −− ; ( ) [ ] rmso1 av 1 TntZTT CP CP −+−= −− (3) where ZP is the percentage of the standard normal distribution at a probability of P; t1-C(no-2) is the t-distribution function at a significance of 1-C with degree-of-freedom of no-2 and no is number of paired test Aeffi-�i data for material specimens, where i is group ordinal of the specimens equal to 1, 2, …, ns and ns is number of graded groups of the specimens; Qav、Tav、Qrms and Trms are material constants, which should be evaluated using the former two terms of Eq. (2) to fit into lgAeffi-lg�s,avi data and lgAeffi-lg�s,rmsi data, respectively.
Considering the difference of specimen numbers between different groups, equivalent data lg�s,avi and lg�s,rmsi at lgAeffi are estimated by equations ∑== in j ij i � � 1 av lg lg , ( ) ( ) ( ) 5.0 1 av o1 1 rms lglg 1 1 1 1 lg − −− − = ∑= − − in j i ij i C iC i �� nnt nt � (4) where ij represents specimen ordinal j at group i.
Similar to the measurements for scattered S-� data [17], a probabilistic modeling for considering the scattered test Aeff-�s data under �s following lognormal distribution as effavavavs, lg lg ATQ� += ; effrms rms rmss, lg lg ATQ� += ; eff s, lg lg ATQ� CPCPCP −− − += (2) ( ) [ ] rmso1 av 1 QntZQQ CP CP −+−= −− ; ( ) [ ] rmso1 av 1 TntZTT CP CP −+−= −− (3) where ZP is the percentage of the standard normal distribution at a probability of P; t1-C(no-2) is the t-distribution function at a significance of 1-C with degree-of-freedom of no-2 and no is number of paired test Aeffi-�i data for material specimens, where i is group ordinal of the specimens equal to 1, 2, …, ns and ns is number of graded groups of the specimens; Qav、Tav、Qrms and Trms are material constants, which should be evaluated using the former two terms of Eq. (2) to fit into lgAeffi-lg�s,avi data and lgAeffi-lg�s,rmsi data, respectively.
Considering the difference of specimen numbers between different groups, equivalent data lg�s,avi and lg�s,rmsi at lgAeffi are estimated by equations ∑== in j ij i � � 1 av lg lg , ( ) ( ) ( ) 5.0 1 av o1 1 rms lglg 1 1 1 1 lg − −− − = ∑= − − in j i ij i C iC i �� nnt nt � (4) where ij represents specimen ordinal j at group i.
Online since: March 2004
Authors: Jun Akedo
Experimental parameters
Pressure in deposition chamber 0.05 ~ 0.3 kPa
Pressure in aerosol chamber 10 ~ 80 kPa
Size of nozzle orifice 5 x 0.3 mm
2
; 10 x0.4 mm
2
Accelerating gas He, N2, air,
Consumption of accelerating gas 1 ~ 10 l/min
Maintained substrate temperature during deposition 300 K
Scanning area (area of deposition) up to 40 x 40 mm
2
Scanning speed of the nozzle motion along substrate 0.125 ~ 10 mm/sec
Distance between the nozzle and substrate 1 mm~ 40 mm
Journal Title and Volume Number (to be inserted by the publisher)
200-800 nm.
On the other hand, after the heat treatment procedure of the starting powder to growth particle grain size, density and transmittance of the layer significantly recovered as shown in Fig. 4[4, 5].
Impact particles velocity Discussion of deposition mechanism Journal Title and Volume Number (to be inserted by the publisher) From previous studies, deposition results strongly depend on particles diameter and velocity [1,5].
Si mirror PZT� thick layer for monmorpgh actuator Journal Title and Volume Number (to be inserted by the publisher) [2] J.
On the other hand, after the heat treatment procedure of the starting powder to growth particle grain size, density and transmittance of the layer significantly recovered as shown in Fig. 4[4, 5].
Impact particles velocity Discussion of deposition mechanism Journal Title and Volume Number (to be inserted by the publisher) From previous studies, deposition results strongly depend on particles diameter and velocity [1,5].
Si mirror PZT� thick layer for monmorpgh actuator Journal Title and Volume Number (to be inserted by the publisher) [2] J.
Online since: May 2012
Authors: Kai Xuan Tan, Yong Xiang Huang, Wei Guang Wang, Gui Long Cai
In addition, adsorption and coprecipitation processes lead to the fixation of Ra-226 in iron oxyhydroxides, feldspars, clays, amorphous silica, organic matter, barite, and other sulfate grains.
On the one hand, a large number of uranium tailings and waste rock occupation of a large number of barren land and destruction of vegetation; On the other hand can through the five ways to the public and the ecological environment caused pollution and harm: 1) exhalation of radon and its daughters; 2) γ radiation; 3) inhalation or ingestion of dust; 4) contaminated water; 5) the transfer of enrichment plants grown in the vicinity.
A large number of studies show that the soil of uranium mine and its adjacent areas affected by radioactive contamination and the irrigation using radioactive contaminated wastewater can lead to the migration and enrichment of radionuclides to plants and crops which result in death, over limit of nuclide content, and inedibility [16-18].
On the one hand, a large number of uranium tailings and waste rock occupation of a large number of barren land and destruction of vegetation; On the other hand can through the five ways to the public and the ecological environment caused pollution and harm: 1) exhalation of radon and its daughters; 2) γ radiation; 3) inhalation or ingestion of dust; 4) contaminated water; 5) the transfer of enrichment plants grown in the vicinity.
A large number of studies show that the soil of uranium mine and its adjacent areas affected by radioactive contamination and the irrigation using radioactive contaminated wastewater can lead to the migration and enrichment of radionuclides to plants and crops which result in death, over limit of nuclide content, and inedibility [16-18].
Online since: March 2014
Authors: Johannes Dallmeier, Otto Huber, Holger Saage
In [9] the determination of hysteresis energy density ∆W and the evolution of ∆W in dependence on the number of cycles is described and in [6], the plastic hysteresis energy density ∆Wpl as a function of the strain amplitude εa at strain controlled pure reversal tests (Rε=-1) is given.
The sheets show a homogeneous microstructure with an average grain size of 4.8µm (in rolling direction RD as well as in transverse direction TD) and a strong basal texture [11].
Fig. 2: a) Representative hysteresis loop at half number of cycles to failure Nf with corresponding hysteresis energy densities (plastic hysteresis energy density ∆Wpl, elastic hysteresis energy density ∆Wel, pseudoelastic hysteresis energy density ∆Wpsel); b) weighting factor F∆Wpl as a function of stress ratio R.
The authors acknowledge the financial support of the Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) within the funding program FHprofUnt in the project “MagFest” under the contract number 03FH015PX2.
The sheets show a homogeneous microstructure with an average grain size of 4.8µm (in rolling direction RD as well as in transverse direction TD) and a strong basal texture [11].
Fig. 2: a) Representative hysteresis loop at half number of cycles to failure Nf with corresponding hysteresis energy densities (plastic hysteresis energy density ∆Wpl, elastic hysteresis energy density ∆Wel, pseudoelastic hysteresis energy density ∆Wpsel); b) weighting factor F∆Wpl as a function of stress ratio R.
The authors acknowledge the financial support of the Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) within the funding program FHprofUnt in the project “MagFest” under the contract number 03FH015PX2.
Online since: December 2012
Authors: Ping Song Zhang, Xiang Hong Liu, Lin Hua Sun, Song Chen
General and top floor rock ore bodies (dark clouds become grain of rock) clearly defined boundaries for ourselves, along with the tendency towards common clip stone (layer) and with branch composite phenomenon; Mineralization is continuous, generally for thousands of meters, and tend to have pointed to the destroyed trend, overall is limited extension of ore body the plate, but some of the area remains downward extension trend.
Data acquisition instrument to use YCS40 (A), specific sampling parameters table 1: Table 1 Data acquisition of specific technical parameters Parameter settings of the instrument Device Parameters Settings Launch voltage 7.0V With sides launch 2m Launch frequency 8.3Hz Launch circle number 9 turns Superposition number 128 Resistance requirements <=10 Inhibit coefficient 3 Receiving side 2.0m Measured way several 40 Receiving circle number 18turns Record time window 0.008ms~864ms 2.3 Data processing The data processing is using and YCS40(A )transient electromagnetic processing software, the processed get ahead in transient electromagnetic apparent resistivity section of the fitting results figure, as shown in figure 6 for-320 II ore body along the east pulse 42 line head-on transient electromagnetic detection apparent resistivity graph, from left to right, for 45 ° on the head-on, bedding and head-on head-on the 45 ° the apparent resistivity section to the chart, according
Data acquisition instrument to use YCS40 (A), specific sampling parameters table 1: Table 1 Data acquisition of specific technical parameters Parameter settings of the instrument Device Parameters Settings Launch voltage 7.0V With sides launch 2m Launch frequency 8.3Hz Launch circle number 9 turns Superposition number 128 Resistance requirements <=10 Inhibit coefficient 3 Receiving side 2.0m Measured way several 40 Receiving circle number 18turns Record time window 0.008ms~864ms 2.3 Data processing The data processing is using and YCS40(A )transient electromagnetic processing software, the processed get ahead in transient electromagnetic apparent resistivity section of the fitting results figure, as shown in figure 6 for-320 II ore body along the east pulse 42 line head-on transient electromagnetic detection apparent resistivity graph, from left to right, for 45 ° on the head-on, bedding and head-on head-on the 45 ° the apparent resistivity section to the chart, according
Online since: October 2014
Authors: Krzysztof Jamroziak, Wiesław Jargulinski, Stanislaw Piesiak
It causes so-called "hydrogen embrittlement", which is undesirable in the number of working construction in extreme conditions.
Fatigue microcracks: a) – in a half cycle of tension, b) – in the half cycle of compression Water vapor generates the oxygen which creates the gaps on the surface, especially in areas of crystalline defects and on the corners grains creates the metal oxides having the ion structure [12].
On the basis of studies was conducted a number of laboratory testsaimed at verifying the tightness of anti-hydrogen coatings with the usage of the electrode potentials sample of the woolen or concrete electrode.
As a result of measurements, a number of charts of the electrode potential in a function of time were obtained. [4,16].
Fatigue microcracks: a) – in a half cycle of tension, b) – in the half cycle of compression Water vapor generates the oxygen which creates the gaps on the surface, especially in areas of crystalline defects and on the corners grains creates the metal oxides having the ion structure [12].
On the basis of studies was conducted a number of laboratory testsaimed at verifying the tightness of anti-hydrogen coatings with the usage of the electrode potentials sample of the woolen or concrete electrode.
As a result of measurements, a number of charts of the electrode potential in a function of time were obtained. [4,16].
Online since: June 2015
Authors: Gheorghe Voicu, Petru Cardei, Mihai Matache, Iulian Voicea, Vergil Muraru, Mihai Ludig
A number of researchers have deepened Wohler’ theory, developing a complex model of the metal fatigue phenomenon: Bauschinger, Gerber and Goodman, for example, [10], [11], [12].
The grain cross-section corresponds to sudden rupture.
The number of cycles for the bar hold up to failure, it is different for the two cases.
In the ideal case, this number is infinite while the modified model has a finite value (Table 1).
The grain cross-section corresponds to sudden rupture.
The number of cycles for the bar hold up to failure, it is different for the two cases.
In the ideal case, this number is infinite while the modified model has a finite value (Table 1).