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The flow can assume different configurations, called flow patterns, which will depend mainly on the physical properties of the fluids, volume fraction and flow rate of each phase, relative velocities and geometry of the flow channel.
Core-flow stability depends on several parameters such as fluid velocity and properties, tube position and geometry.
The properties of the fluids used in the simulation are shown in Table 1.
Table 1 - Fluid properties used in the simulation.
Journal of the Brazilian Society of Mechanical Sciences.21 (1999) 233-244

Introduction General: Cast ingot normally includes some defects, for example; porosity and voids, inclusions and entrapped gasses which tend to reduce their mechanical properties and surface quality.
Mechanical Behaviour of Superplastic Materials: Unlike the mechanical behaviour of an ordinary engineering metal or alloy where the flow stress is a function of strain, strain rate and temperature, the flow stress of a superplastic material is mainly affected by strain rate at a pecified temperature and is strain independent.
This again emphasizes the effect of strain rate and the geometrical factor Db/Dout on cavity closure, specially that the contribution of friction is negligible for such material, as it has low shear stress which has proven to be used successfully as effective lubricant in the free upsetting test when compared with eight other lubricants [18].

It should be considered simultaneously to material removal ratio models of part and media, which can directly affect finishing capacity and economy.
Mutual influence between indices is also studied to decide how to affect working performance.
Wang: China Mechanical Engineering, Vol. 10 (1999), pp. 397
Wang: China Mechanical Engineering, Vol. 12 (2001), pp. 300
Li: Mechanical Engineering & Automation, Vol. 6 (2009), pp. 41

Although liquid materials in engine compartment are essential to maintain good performance of mechanical motion, their fire properties are truly worth studying in terms of trigging numerous vehicle fire accidents.
Quintiere [4] presented a comprehensively radiant heating theory, which underlay the close relations between the thermal properties of materials and flammability properties.
Table 1 Thermal properties of the flammable vehicle oils.
Tewarson, Thermophysical and fire properties of engine compartment fluids, SAE Technical Paper (2005)
Quintiere, A theoretical basis for flammability properties, Fire Mater. 30 (2006) 175-214

Introduction Residual stress due to welding or cold bending of a pipe is one of the important factors leading to such damage as stress corrosion cracking (SCC) or high cycle fatigue crack initiation and propagation.
However, the gradient of stress in the weld heat-affected zone of the welded joint is generally so moderate that the average stress would not be remarkably different among the different sizes of the evaluation region.
Therefore, when comparing the three techniques, it was assumed that the stress was hardly affected by the sizes of the evaluation region.
Another factor has to be considered regarding the discrepancy of the measured and estimated hoop strains.
Wang: Single Crystal Elastic Constants and Calculated Aggregate Properties, MIT Press, Cambridge, MA (1971) [6] The American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME): ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section II, Part D - Properties, ASME, New York, NY (2004) [7] ABAQUS Version 6.8, Dassault Systèmes Simulia Corp., Providence, RI, USA [8] ISO/TTA 3: Polycrystalline Materials - Determinations of Residual Stresses by �eutron Diffraction, ISO, Geneva, Switzerland (2001) [9] S.

Their excellent mechanical properties sign a extensive perspective of application.
About Al80Ni10Zr3Cu5Y2 alloy, the synthetical effect of Cu and Zr is an important factor of forming amorphous alloys.
The crystallization temperature of amorphous alloys is deeply affected by the liquid atomic clusters.

Rahnejat 3,b 1 National Centre for Advanced Tribology (nCATS), Faculty of Engineering and the Environment, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK 2 Faculty of Engineering and the Environment, University of Southampton Malaysia Campus, Nusajaya, Malaysia 3 Wolfson School of Mechanical & Manufacturing Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK a w.chong@soton.ac.uk, b h.rahnejat@lboro.ac.uk Keywords: Modified Eyring thermal activation “cage” model, molecular solvation, friction force microscopy, potential energy barrier and nanoscale friction Abstract.
During the experiment, it is necessary to maintain a meniscus forming along the edges of the tip holder (see figure 1), which also ensures that the relatively large negative meniscus pressures between the fluid and tip holder do not affect the friction measurements.
The calibration factor for the silicon nitride AFM tip on a silicon calibration sample [15, 16] is defined as: α=Ff(volts)/Load(nN)0.19 (1) Mathematical Approach Friction generated along the assumed opposing molecularly smooth asperity summits, separated by ultra-thin adsorbed films, follows the non-Newtonian shear as a result of chemical reactions based on thermal activation.
The shear properties of langmuir-blodgett layers.

Among the potential TL dosimeters, lithium fluoride is one of the most popular dosimeters and is commercially available due to its human tissue equivalence (Z eff = 8.04), which is an important factor for personal dosimetry, simple glow curve, high sensitivity and limited fading over a certain period.
In this work the preliminary study of TL properties of Al2O3:C in powder form were investigated in term of glow curve characteristics, TL-dose response dependence and sensitivity.
X- Ray Diffraction Analysis (XRD) XRD analysis was carried out using Siemens Diffractometer D5000 system at Faculty of Mechanical, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia.
The sample was covered by a black paper to avoid exposure from fluorescent light which might affect the TL response of the sample.

Doping Effects of Metals on Electrical Conductivity of TiO2 from First-Principles Calculations Hu Sun1,2,a, Zhutian Xu1,2,b,* and Di Zhang1,2,c 1Shanghai Key Laboratory of Digital Manufacture for Thin-walled Structures, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People’s Republic of China 2State Key Laboratory of Mechanical System and Vibration, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People’s Republic of China asun.h.20200904@sjtu.edu.cn, bzhutianxu@sjtu.edu.cn, czhangdi2015@sjtu.edu.cn Keywords: Proton exchange membrane fuel cell; TiO2; Electrical conductivity; First-principles Abstract.
To enhance the electrical conductivity, the electronic transport properties of multiple-titanium alloys doped with precious metal (such as Au, Pt, and Pd), niobium and zinc are investigated.
The conductivity is mainly affected by the metal-induced intermediate bands (IBs).
The relaxation time of the Sb-doped increases from 6.15×10-14 s to 1.40×10-13 s, which is also an important factor for conductivity increasing.

However, domestic and foreign scholars mostly focused on influence factor of gas diffusion, such as terrain, surrounding environment and leak location.
(4) Where cp is the specific heat capacity, T is the temperature, K is the fluid heat transfer coefficient, sT is the internal heat source of the fluid and the part of the conversion from fluid’s mechanical energy to heat energy due to viscous effects, sometimes sT is called viscous dissipation for short
As can be seen from the figure, air flow affects the windward side of the storage tank, which is blocked by the tank in the windward region, causing the formation of larger air flow.
Since the physical properties of liquid ammonia is very special, its storage condition is high pressure or low temperature, this study set storage conditions for the tank pressure is 882KPa (293K), the pressure inside the tank is large, and the tank rupture suddenly, which makes the tank pressure drop, liquid ammonia vaporize rapidly in the tank for ammonia gas, diffusion to the atmosphere under the action of wind, the influence area of diffusion will expand with the extension of time.