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Introduction There is a growing interest in fabricating ultra-fine grained metals with a hexagonal close packed (hcp) crystal structure via severe plastic deformation (SPD) techniques in order to improve their mechanical properties (e.g yield strength).
βm affects texture evolution directly by changing the relative values of the components with respect to each other.
Factors like V, x0, and w multiply L and thus affect all the components equally.
Such differences in grain shape evolution can, in principle, affect texture evolution.
Wenk: Texture and Anisotropy - Preferred Orientations in Polycrystals and their Effect on Materials Properties (Cambridge University Press 1998) [28] R.A.

Analysis of metal deformed flow under adhesive friction by ring upsetting Weiqi Li 1, 2, a *, Qingxian Ma1, 2 1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China 2 Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Processing Technology of Ministry Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China a05liweiqi@163.com Keywords: adhesive friction; ring upsetting; deformed flow Abstract.
Introduction It is well known that it plays an important role on shapes and properties of the forging for deformed flow behavior in heavy forging forming.
Not only does the deformed flow of metal forgings affects forming member surface finish, but also causes some typical defects in the forgings, such as local thinning, cracking, wrinkling.
CH Lee and T Altan utilized upper-bound velocity field to research influence of friction upon metal flow during cylinder and ring upsetting, whose results agree well with theory at the lower friction factor [6].
Orientation distribution of velocity field for deformed flow behavior The orientation distribution of velocity field for ring billet under the compressed quantity of each PA is determined through Eq. 4 achieved by inverse tangent function of taking the derivative of piecewise cubic hermite polynomialin Eq. 1 with property of second derivative

Layup analyzing of a carbon/glass hybrid composite wind turbine blade using finite element analysis Haichen Lin 1,2,a 1Shanghai Institute of Applied Mathematics and Mechanics, Shanghai University, Shanghai, china 2School of Mechanical & Electronic Engineering, Shanghai Second Polytechnic University, Shanghai, china ahcli@meef.sspu.cn Keywords：wind turbine blade; finite element analysis; analysis of layup Abstract: This thesis use AOC15/50 blade as baseline model which is a composite wind turbine blade made of glass/epoxy for a horizontal axis wind turbine.
Studies show that carbon fiber has high strength-to-weight ratio and resistance fatigue properties.
This small deviation will not affect the result.
Gravity scales as the cube of the blade length and as turbine continue to become larger, eventually gravity loads become a constraining design factor [9].

A suitable procedure to predict the resulting properties of devices made of SMA is to measure the material parameters of simple shaped bodies under idealized conditions and to fit the free model constants with respect to the detailed behavior of arbitrarily shaped bodies under complex loading conditions.
The physical properties are described with a special material model.
It was shown [22] that the transformation kinetics is the driving factor.
Hence, δ and εΤ will directly affect the transition temperature as shown in Figs. 20a and 20b.
The MSM effect affects the transitions between martensite variants.

The thixotropic properties of the epoxy-resin adhesive allowed the plates to be glued to the groove’s surfaces without requiring a moulding and a formwork.
The ductility factor, defined as the ratio between the ultimate shear strain gu and the ideal elastic shear strain gel, in some specimens reached the value of 5.
Despite the limited value of the shear ductility factor q (not greater than 5), it might produce a significant increment of the delamination load.
Larch specimens loaded parallel to the grain fibres exhibit a non-linear shear behaviour with a good ductility factor that can reached a value close to 5.
Mechanical repair of timber beams fractured in flexure using bonded-in reinforcements.

Fine powder is mechanical mixture of dry, fine-grained and insulating material which mainly consists of SiO2 and CaO.
Analysis and solution: It became therefore necessary to develop a powder which had the properties of both powder A & powder B, to have good surface quality as well as ensure a smooth cast.
A typical composition of starter powder are as follow (refer Table 20): Table 20: Typical composition of starter powder Basicity (CaO/SiO2) C Free Melting Point Viscosity Fe2O3 F 0.75-0.85 <1.0% 1100 C 0.9 dPa.s 14.5-16.5% 10-12% From the above composition it can be noted that the Fe2O3 content in the powder is very high in order to give it its exothermic properties.
Effect of Hydrogen: As is well known hydrogen can be a limiting factor more so in tropical climates where it tends to be higher during the monsoon .Casting powder performance can be directly affected by the increase in the hydrogen content in the steel.
Various elements of the steel affect the behaviour of the mould slag and their infiltration into the gap for lubrication and heat transfer.

A Simple Method for Evaluating Flaw Distributions Responsible for Size Effects in the Strength of Small-Scale Silicon Specimens Kai Duana and Xiaozhi Hu b School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009 Australia a kaiduan@mech.uwa.edu.au, bxhu@mech.uwa.edu.au Keywords: Flaw size, Silicon, Small-scale specimens, Strength, Weibull distribution.
For that, it is useful to specify a flaw distribution function consistent with a two-parameter Weibull function ( ){ }m F *exp1 σσ−−= (2) for a given strength σ, where m is the Weibull coefficient and σ* is a characteristic Weibull strength parameter, which is dependent on material property, loading configuration and specimen size [1820].
However, if we concern ourselves more with relative than absolute values in Fig. 2, this is not a critical factor.
Again, this will not affect relative evaluations for a given specimen configuration.
The presence of such residual stresses will influence the fracture strength and thus the estimations of the micro-flaw properties.

The chemical and physical properties of the feedstock in oleochemical processes often result in difficulties and challenges that limit the success.
These two properties are directly involved in influencing on the diffusion rate within the internal pores of the catalysts. 5.
The properties of the crude Jatropha oil, FFA content and water content are tabulated in Table. 7.
Table. 7 Jatropha oil properties.
Physical properties of Al and the TPA catalysts.

The important durability properties for outdoor application of these construction products include fungal resistance, ultraviolet (UV) resistance, moisture resistance, and dimensional stability [13].
Conclusions In this research, two different WPC commercial materials were assessed in order to evaluate the outdoor decking application properties.
WPC materials in general are affected by solar radiation, changing, among others, their coloration.
Paridah, A review on dynamic mechanical properties of natural fibre reinforced polymer composites, Constr.
Hollaway, A review of the present and future utilisation of FRP composites in the civil infrastructure with reference to their important in-service properties, Constr.

Tectonics of the Lvivskyi basin is affected by the higher grades faultings.
Except this, process engineering solution on geological faults crossing depends on certain terms and must be assessed individually, due to the difficulty of technological mining operations in faulting zones influence and complexity of coal seam sites crossing with physical and mechanical faulting properties.
The economic assessment of required ways is given at the cost-efficiency factor calculation, as ratio of the got results toward losses, that cause them [25, 26].
For the analysis of economic assessment, the cost-efficiency factor change diagram was built on horizontal part of underground gisifier length (Fig. 3).
The cost-efficiency factor changes diagram of underground gasifier length According to the analysis of the obtained cost-efficiency factor, its value confirms the expediency of a suggested projects and process engineering solutions at massif faulting zones crossing in the Lvivskyi coal basin only for gasifiers with length that exceeds 200 m.