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Due to the higher temperature, the film-forming conditions of FeCO3 can be reached quickly, and a large number of FeCO3 crystal nucleus are induced on the surface of the sample.
At the same time, the growth rate of FeCO3 grains is also very fast, so the metal surface will soon be protected by a layer of dense and strong adhesion FeCO3 film.

However, a large number of engineering problems involve the presence of unsaturated zones.
This is the rearrangement of grains due to changing stress, resulting in a reduction in void ratio and instant settlement.

It helps to increase manifold the life time of rapidly wearing and heavy loaded components, eliminates the necessity to manufacture a great number of repair components, and improves the reliability and operating capacity of machinery» [1].
Test conditions: Р=1 МPa, friction rate 0.6 /s, average dimensions of abrasive grain 0.06 – 0.08 mm (on electrocorundum grinding bed of Х4-B machine) and 0.05-0.25 mm (for НК machine).

The tensile strength and elongation of the specimens were also tested by AG-5000A tester Results and Discussions The density values are listed in Table 1, which are average values from a number of specimens, treated with EPC and not treated.
F. and Conrad, H., 1995, Colony grain size reduction in eutectic Pb-Sn casting by electropulsing, Scr.

Since concrete is a heterogeneous material has its cavities and pores, this means that it does not have a perfectly coequal surface, the individual grains of the newly added material are mechanically blocked.
Prokop, Strengthening of concrete column by using the wrapper layer of fibre reinforced concrete, in “Materials”, vol. 13, issue 23, article number 5432, p. 1-23, (2020) [11] M.

After checking various aspects of the technology, the speed of grain removal can be selected so that the cutting time is as desired.
For this purpose, the following equation is used: V=np x L600 (m/min) or np=V x 600L (1) where: V = Cutting Speed (m/min) np = Number of steps per minute L = Machining stroke length (mm) · Feeding Rate Feed rate is the movement of the cutting tip of the cutting tool per one revolution of the workpiece.

Those peaks observed at low frequencies denote the electrode/electrolyte interface and grain boundary effects and those at higher frequencies represent the bulk relaxation of the chosen electrolytes.
It then levels off due to two opposite factors operating simultaneously, i.e., there is an increase in the number of charge carriers with an increasing concentration of dopant but leads to reduction in the mobility.

The structure and feature of machine frame The process mechanism of abrasive flow machine is that the workpiece with fixture is put on the worktable between higher abrasive cylinder and lower abrasive cylinder, and then piston of dynamic cylinder pushes piston of abrasive cylinder up and down, while the grains of the abrasive media cut the surface of workpiece to polish workpiece.
Equipment resonance frequency under modal analysis Model number Frequency（Hz) 1 2 3 4 75.549 192.58 233.86 246.5 Obviously, the nature frequency of the equipment is 75.594Hz, greater than the working frequency, which will not result in resonance.

A mean grain size of P/M Ti materials with CNTs and no CNT is around 6μm and 5μm, respectively, and no significant difference between them is observed.
Number of test specimens, N=3 Materials UTS / MPa YS / MPa Elongation (%) P/M extruded pure titanium 585 423 29.7 P/M extruded TMC with CNTs 742 592 26.0 Conclusions Wet process using the zwitterionic surfactant solutions was effective to coat un-bundled CNTs on Ti powder surface, and assemble them in P/M extruded titanium composite.

Our previous research on zirconia-based nanomaterials using positron annihilation techniques allowed to draw the following main conclusions [1–6]: (1) In pressure-compacted nanopowders, positrons are trapped in Zr vacancy-like misfit defects, situated along grain boundaries (GB’s), or in intersections of three GB’s (triple points) equivalent in size to few-vacancy clusters. (2) A small fraction of positrons (≈10 %) was found to form Ps in many of studied nanopowders. (3) Inhibition of Ps formation was observed in zirconia materials doped with small amounts of Cr cations
Numbers denote compactisation pressure in kbar.