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The maximum of the distribution corresponds to the most probable domain configuration and its width reflects the number of available domain states.
The fast relaxation with time constants in the order of a few seconds is attributed to the presence of a conductive grain boundary phase which should be avoided by optimizing film deposition.

Niobium acts as an inhibitor of crystal growth, increasing the crystallization temperature and ensuring the growth of crystals from a large number of centers [3].
Shvindlerman, Grain boundary migration in metals: thermodynamics, kinetics, applications (CRC Press 2010)

A mechanism for ductile fracture is evident in the solution treated sample, where a large number of cells (dimples) are visible.
In addition, the pits appear to nucleate preferentially at the ferrite grains.

Out of the various numbers of joints produced using the FSW in this investigation, the joints fabricated employing a taper cylindrical pin profiled tool was found to be completely free from any type of welding defects and had been observed as a successfully fabricated joint free from defects.
Salem, FSW parameters: A tool for controlling abnormal grain growth during subsequent heat treatment, Materials Science and Engineering A, 391 (2005), p 51–59 [8] P.

By experimental method, Wu et al.[6] investigated the influences of the bending speed, grain size and temperature on the springback of the wrought magnesium alloy AM30 tubes during NC bending.
Song et al. [10] numerically investigated the effects of the element type, element size and number of elements through wall thickness of tube on the springback of thick-walled high strength Ti-alloy tube NC bending.

For instance, the number of circuits required in wiring bundles is increasing due to the diversification of electronics.
This aging can reduce the composite performance by the metallurgical transformations which can occur: recrystallization, grain growth and/or formation of brittle intermetallic layers between both metals.

Specifications of grinding wheel and grinding parameters Parameters Value Average grain size(μm) 75 Grade R Concentration number 75 cutting speed (vc)(m/s) 30 Feedrate (vw)(mm/s) 413 Depth of cut (ap) (μm) 4 Residual Stress Measurement In this study, X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique using sin2ψ method was utilized to measure surface residual stresses.

Large numbers of cheap and smart sensors, networked through wireless links, provide exciting applications in multifarious areas including object tracking, habitat monitoring, mineral reconnaissance, intruder detection.
Estrin, “Fine-Grained Time Synchronization using Reference Broadcasts," Proceedings of the Fifth Symposium on Operating Systems Design and Implementation (OSDI 2002), Boston, MA, December 2002.

This is mainly because the number of hydroxy on silicon oxide network surface is bigger than on titanium oxide network surface, but hydrophilic property of RNH3 is weak to hydroxy.
Grain size and wettability of TiO2/SiO2 photocatalytic composite thin films, J.Rare Metals. 20(2001): 81-86 .

In recent years, people of such materials in the spin-wave Spectrum [1], dispersion relations [2], spin resonance wave [3], since Spin wave nature of the [4] and a variety of spin-wave mode [5], As well as the band structure [6,7] and other issues, reasonable on the experimental side and made a large number of studies [8,9,10].
[3] Han Z Q , A model of microwave loss due to spin wave resonance in grain surface layers, Acta Phys.sin.