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Selection of this method enabled to determine the impedance of the material – surface layer – solution interface with the use of approximation of impedance data by means of equivalent electric circuit model.
In every process of electrochemical corrosion, there are two processes that always occur on metal surface, i.e. oxidation (anodic processes) and reduction (cathodic processes) [12].

There is a large research potential in super-plastic forming; from the determination of optimal material data through process simulation to manufacturing of real parts and their characterization.
The reduction in the stretch at break can be explained by the flow behaviour of the material.

After the optimization of reaction condition, the macro-kinetic parameters of the second reaction are obtained by fitting the experimental data to a pseudo-homogenous model, in which a side reaction of DMC synthesis is incorporated since it decreases the yield of DMC drastically at high temperature.
The activation energies and preexponential factors were obtained by the linear regression of experimental data according to the model derived from reaction expressions.
The inner diffusion resistance decreases with the reduction of catalyst diameter.
The model-predicted reactants concentrations profile and the experimental data are plotted in Figure 6.

The new model provides a much better matching to the measured data with no observed bias and it accounts for percentage of air voids in the total mix and the effective binder content instead of the total binder content that is currently included in the Shell Model.
Row and Boudin and Abojarada [6,7] searched the validity of the 50% reduction of the initial stiffness as a suitable criterion to define fatigue failure at the constant strain mode.
This model will still need verifications using other fatigue data measured from different laboratories and it will need field calibration before being used in any pavement thickness design.
Vol. 55, pp.347-406, 1985 [9] Austroads, Pavement Design, A Guide to Structural Design of Road Pavements, 2008 [10] Saleh, M, Methodology for the Calibration and Validation of Shell Fatigue Performance Function Using Experimental Laboratory Data, Journal of the Road and Transport Research, Volume 19, No4, 2010 [11] Saleh, M., Implications of Using Calibrated and Validated Performance Transfer Functions in the Mechanistic Empirical Pavement Design Procedure, International Journal of Pavement Research and Technology, Volume 4, No. 2, 2011 [12] Shen, S., and S.

Secondly a series of finite element analyses are carried out to show the limitations of current ASME approaches and to get basic data for the proposed approach.
Secondly a series of three dimensional finite element analyses are carried out to show the limitations of current ASME approaches and to get basic data for the proposed approach.
III 'design by code' approach calculates an alternating stress intensity (Salt) of valve, which is one of important parameter for fatigue life evaluation, by choosing the larger value of Sp1 and Sp2 defined as ()3 2 1 3 1 2 2 4.0 ,3.1 23 2 Teb p p T T eb p p QP K QSQQ P QS ++= +++= (1) where, the values for Qp, Peb, QT1 and QT3 are able to find in accordance with the rules of NB-3545.2 and K is the fatigue strength reduction factor.
A series of finite element analyses have been carried out using ANSYS [9] to show the limitations of current ASME approaches and to get basic data for the proposed approach.

The raw MCP data (difference of spin-up and spin-down data) are also shown in Fig. 3.
One crucial factor in the data reduction is to have the same intensity of the incident radiations for two opposite directions of magnetization.
Fig. 6 shows the magnetization data at 294 K as a function of magnetic field (VSM data) and that derived from the MCS data [9] using Eq. 15.
A good agreement between the VSM (spin + orbital) data and MCS (spin) data demonstrates that after 1.0 T, the orbital contribution to the total magnetic moment is small.
Ahuja et al. [9]) 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 Moment (µµµµB) Magnetic Field (T) Ni2.03Mn0.96Ga VSM data MCS data Fig. 6: Magnetization versus field using vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) data and total spin moment (MCS data) with varying magnetizing field at a fixed temperature 294 K.

This is due to a significant reduction in drawing information usually generated for producibility.
Data model for milling can be referring to ISO 14649 Part 12 Process Data for Turning.
TURN-MILL A combination between data model for milling (ISO 14649 Part 11 Process Data for Milling) and data model for turning (ISO 14649 Part 12 Process Data for Turning).
Hence, bi-directional data exchange is enabled.
Data storage ISO10303-28 specifies the extensible markup language (XML) representation for EXPRESS-driven data and is officially known as STEP-XML.

In this framework, some authors [11] dealt with the data obtained from a wide survey campaign on public buildings of the Toscana region, Italy.
Data under study is made up of the compression test results on concrete cores extracted from the buildings under assessment.
Unclear or unreliable data were discarded.
The main data obtained from the compression test on core specimens is the ultimate strength.
The same data is summarized in Tab. 1.

Experimental data show that milling with the formation of a magneto fluidized bed allows intensifying the process.
Dornfeld, Energy consumption characterization and reduction strategies for milling machine tool use, in: J.

Compared to the commercially available 1200 V SiC DMOSFET, this new concept has significantly reduced the specific on-resistance (Ron) and gate-drain capacitance (Cgd) simultaneously, produced a record low Ron·Qgd Figure of Merit of 455 mΩ·nC at 25⁰C, and 700 mΩ·nC at 150⁰C (~30% of the best data found).
The experimental results on a 1600 V, 20 A SiC CIMOSFET have shown only a 55% increase in on-resistance at 150⁰C, and over 60% reduction in the gate-drain capacitance which results in a record low Ron·Qgd Figure of Merit on 1200 V rated SiC MOSFETs, to the best of our knowledge.