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Online since: February 2012
Authors: Cheng Lian Zhang, Yu Ming Xia, Chen Zhang, Ya Nan Tu, Lei Wang
The development of advanced production technology of coal is particularly important; it also conforms to the demand of social development in China, Energy Saving and Emission Reduction.
Data are inspected every time in order to determine the accuracy of these test data.
So we can get the average of these 10 data.
Data are inspected every time in order to determine the accuracy of these test data.
So we can get the average of these 10 data.
Online since: February 2012
Authors: Yi Jin Ren
For the amorphous polymer thin film, the glass transition temperature Tg is an important parameter, it directly shows the molecular mobility, which is relative with the properties and application of polymer thin film, such as in alignment layer for liquid crystals in displays and boundary layer lubricants in data storage applications, the molecular mobility has the significant effect.
The experiment results showed that Tg reduced with decreasing film thickness, and the Tg had a more rapidly reduction than that of the film supported on the substrate.
Models based on this approach fit the experimental data quite well.
In addition, the multilayer model with different Tg in various layers can be used to explain the Tg change of thin film, which fits the experimental data quite well.
The experiment results showed that Tg reduced with decreasing film thickness, and the Tg had a more rapidly reduction than that of the film supported on the substrate.
Models based on this approach fit the experimental data quite well.
In addition, the multilayer model with different Tg in various layers can be used to explain the Tg change of thin film, which fits the experimental data quite well.
Online since: March 2012
Authors: Lei Xu, Quan Sheng Jiang, Han Sheng Yang
With the direction of the launch of the initial random beam unchanged, we use the beam-power allocation strategy for obtaining the final beam based on BGI information :
(8)
We definite the transmit power vector as following
(9)
where indicated that the transmit power allocated to the beam , then select SINR of the user on its better beam can be expressed as follows:
(10)
In order that the total data rate of the system can maximize under the conditions that the total transmit power keeps state, the beam power control problem of the opportunistic beam-forming can be expressed with the following:
It is assumed that the user collection pre-selected allocates the power to the user , that power to user ,then the total data rate is as follows: (13) Since the type function is a monotonically increasing function, so we need only consider the following formula: (14) By Fermat theorem [7]we can see that the maximum of the continuous function either in a particular value, either in the border of function range of the Therefore, when the value of the type (14) is maximum, can have the following values: (a) The boundary points: or ; (b) a specific point within the boundaries only requires the correctness of the following formula: (15) Digital Simulation And Analysis Considering a single cellular system
As the number of users increases, the gap between the system throughput trend towards a reduction.
Grob: CDMA /HDR: a bandwidth efficient high speed data service for nomadic users.
It is assumed that the user collection pre-selected allocates the power to the user , that power to user ,then the total data rate is as follows: (13) Since the type function is a monotonically increasing function, so we need only consider the following formula: (14) By Fermat theorem [7]we can see that the maximum of the continuous function either in a particular value, either in the border of function range of the Therefore, when the value of the type (14) is maximum, can have the following values: (a) The boundary points: or ; (b) a specific point within the boundaries only requires the correctness of the following formula: (15) Digital Simulation And Analysis Considering a single cellular system
As the number of users increases, the gap between the system throughput trend towards a reduction.
Grob: CDMA /HDR: a bandwidth efficient high speed data service for nomadic users.
Online since: March 2012
Authors: Chun Fu Lu, Yu Li, Xiao Jian Liu, Hai Hua Ren
Takagi put forward a method of discrete value substituting continuous scoring [1], providing limited quantity of discrete values for the choice of the users and partially reducing the energy consumption of the users in scoring; section scoring method [2][3][4] was raised by Gong Dunwei and Guo Guangsong etc in consideration of the uncertainty of the evaluation standard of the users: the value of individual is a section instead of numerical value; Liu Xiaojian etc came up with a method of sequence solution and gradual reduction of dimensions based on choice statistics [5][6].
IGA mainly adopt scoring evaluation, resulting in continuous data; while selection-based evaluation method generates Boolean data (that have not been selected).
After users’ selective evaluation about target scheme, the program records the users’ evaluation data and finished it as the LA curve shown in Figure 2.
IGA mainly adopt scoring evaluation, resulting in continuous data; while selection-based evaluation method generates Boolean data (that have not been selected).
After users’ selective evaluation about target scheme, the program records the users’ evaluation data and finished it as the LA curve shown in Figure 2.
Online since: February 2016
Authors: Wojciech Zębala
When cutting difficult-to-cut materials (titanium, nickel alloys, stainless steels) tool rigidity plays a significant role and the suitable values of cutting data decreases the shape errors and surface roughness [10-17].
Cutting data is as follow: feed per tooth fz = 0.1 mm/tooth, cutting speed vc = 40 m/min, radial width of cut woc = 1 mm and axial depth of cut doc = 2 mm.
It causes the temperature reduction (190 oC).
Kowalczyk, Cutting Data Influence on Cutting Forces and Surface Finish During Sintered Carbide Turning, Key Engineering Materials 581 (2014) 148-153 [15] J.
Cutting data is as follow: feed per tooth fz = 0.1 mm/tooth, cutting speed vc = 40 m/min, radial width of cut woc = 1 mm and axial depth of cut doc = 2 mm.
It causes the temperature reduction (190 oC).
Kowalczyk, Cutting Data Influence on Cutting Forces and Surface Finish During Sintered Carbide Turning, Key Engineering Materials 581 (2014) 148-153 [15] J.
Online since: May 2020
Authors: Tatsuro Kosaka
Introduction
Recently composites have been applied to not only aircraft but also automobiles and then cost reduction and improvement of efficiency of the manufacturing process has been considered as key technologies of composite manufacturing and operation.
First, the spatial spectrum was calculated from windowed scattering data within width of gauge length at any position.
The strain distribution can be re-calculated with different gauge length after monitoring because the recorded data is the scattering intensity.
From the Fig. 9 (a), it was found that the measured data of the specimen with delamination [5/6] was very similar to the simulated results.
First, the spatial spectrum was calculated from windowed scattering data within width of gauge length at any position.
The strain distribution can be re-calculated with different gauge length after monitoring because the recorded data is the scattering intensity.
From the Fig. 9 (a), it was found that the measured data of the specimen with delamination [5/6] was very similar to the simulated results.
Online since: August 2017
Authors: Helen R. Watling, David M. Collinson, Denis W. Shiers
In this study, column heat generation data were compared with data from a test heap furnished with temperature probes and other available industrial data.
Iron oxidation rates diminished, evidenced by reductions in both solution redox potentials and planktonic cell numbers during operation at elevated temperatures.
Iron oxidation rates diminished, evidenced by reductions in both solution redox potentials and planktonic cell numbers during operation at elevated temperatures.
Online since: August 2013
Authors: Jian Zhu, Pei Ju Chang
Each vertical line of scattered data corresponds to an intensity level.
iii Fig.3 Random damage scatter diagram for ILSIB with Sd-ISD%(i:X axis, ii:Y axis ) iii Fig.4 Random damage scatter diagram for ILSIB with Sa-ISD%(i:X axis, ii:Y axis ) iii Fig.5 Random damage scatter diagram for ILSIB with Sv-ISD%(i:X axis, ii:Y axis ) The best fitting curve of the random damage scatter data is expressed as Eq.2 whose statistical relationship between inter-story drift ratio and intensity indicators such as spectral displacement, spectral acceleration or spectral velocity: (2) The scatter for each frame and each seismic intensity measure is calculated using the Eq.3: (3) Where is number of records, is maximum ISD% by record #i, is median ISD% value from the best fit curve.
The parameter COV estimates the logarithmic standard deviation of the data with statistic regression.
Zhu, in: Seismic vulnerability analysis of Mid-story Isolation and Reduction Structures based random vibration.
iii Fig.3 Random damage scatter diagram for ILSIB with Sd-ISD%(i:X axis, ii:Y axis ) iii Fig.4 Random damage scatter diagram for ILSIB with Sa-ISD%(i:X axis, ii:Y axis ) iii Fig.5 Random damage scatter diagram for ILSIB with Sv-ISD%(i:X axis, ii:Y axis ) The best fitting curve of the random damage scatter data is expressed as Eq.2 whose statistical relationship between inter-story drift ratio and intensity indicators such as spectral displacement, spectral acceleration or spectral velocity: (2) The scatter for each frame and each seismic intensity measure is calculated using the Eq.3: (3) Where is number of records, is maximum ISD% by record #i, is median ISD% value from the best fit curve.
The parameter COV estimates the logarithmic standard deviation of the data with statistic regression.
Zhu, in: Seismic vulnerability analysis of Mid-story Isolation and Reduction Structures based random vibration.
Online since: March 2008
Authors: Xi Peng Xu, Shu You Zheng
Abrasive
Slurry Supply
Vibration
Workpiece
Costant Static Force
Constant Force Feeding Table
Data-acquisition
Computer
Amplifier
Rotation
Tool
Dynamometer
Fig.1 Illustration of the experimental set-up
Referenced from the conclusion made by literature [4], that is the higher hardness of tool, the
higher material removal rate (MRR) and lower wear of the tool, Cr12MoV was selected as the tool
materials.
A traverse length of 4mm, with the standard 0.8mm cut-off, was chosen for the measurements, during which 3 random points on each ground surface were detected and the data for these 3 points were then averaged while attempting to reduce the influence of individual abnormal data.
Whereas, above the optimum value-7.8×10 4Pa, the MRR decreases, owing to a reduction in the size of the abrasive grains reaching the tool/workpiece interface and insufficient slurry circulation [8].
A traverse length of 4mm, with the standard 0.8mm cut-off, was chosen for the measurements, during which 3 random points on each ground surface were detected and the data for these 3 points were then averaged while attempting to reduce the influence of individual abnormal data.
Whereas, above the optimum value-7.8×10 4Pa, the MRR decreases, owing to a reduction in the size of the abrasive grains reaching the tool/workpiece interface and insufficient slurry circulation [8].
Online since: September 2008
Authors: Fabrizio Roccaforte, Vito Raineri, Salvatore Di Franco, Antonella Sciuto
The associated electric field in the semiconductor close to
the Schottky contact strips locally results in a reduction of the barrier height [6].
The experimental data, obtained increasing the temperature at a rate of 0.4 K/s, while keeping the device biased at - 26 V (gain operation regime), are summarised in Fig. 2.
Fig. 2 TSC data of "with oxide" sample.
Figure: dark (open circle) and UV (full square) currents @ -26 V diode bias; inset: UV current @ - 6 V exponential fit curves (continuous lines), obtained with a rise-time of 0.7 s and a fall-time of 5.3 s, are superimposed to the experimental data.
The experimental data, obtained increasing the temperature at a rate of 0.4 K/s, while keeping the device biased at - 26 V (gain operation regime), are summarised in Fig. 2.
Fig. 2 TSC data of "with oxide" sample.
Figure: dark (open circle) and UV (full square) currents @ -26 V diode bias; inset: UV current @ - 6 V exponential fit curves (continuous lines), obtained with a rise-time of 0.7 s and a fall-time of 5.3 s, are superimposed to the experimental data.