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The properties of ferroelectricity and magnetism are unique cooperative phenomena, the properties of which in finite size are influenced by the field created by themselves.
Table 1 Factors determining the static properties of ferroelectrics in the conventional and present theory.
Conventional theories Present theory Static properties, e.g., Q properties of ferroelectric properties of whole heterostructure, e.g., lI, Egf,..
Dynamic properties, e.g., P-E properties of ferroelectric same as conventional theories Main force for controlling phase electric field, mechanical strain mechanical strain Depolarization field instability significant secondary (in not-too-thin films) Models for electrostatic problems heterostructure is secondary defined by heterostructure This result indicates that properties of ferroelectrics can only be determined by the heterostructure if it is used in a heterostructure.
Although the drastic change of static properties of ferroelectric, which agrees with experiments, is predicted by the present theory, all these results are for static properties with thickness of ferroelectrics not too thin.

Introduction Ultrafine-grained and nanocrystalline materials offer particular promise for new and potentially very useful products since they can have very different and often superior properties that crucially depend on the atomistic details of interior or exterior interfaces [1, 2].
Thus, the resulting properties of such compacted nanocrystalline materials often need to be analyzed in the framework of composite models involving chemically and structurally dissimilar phases, in addition to taking the grain boundary volume as a structurally dissimilar but chemically equal phase into account.
Deformation processing of pure metals To study the grain refinement process at different stages of deformation including the limiting minimum grain size achievable by repeated cold-rolling, two fcc metals (Ni and Pd that have similar mechanical properties and thermal stability) have been repeatedly cold-rolled up to 110 RCR passes at room temperature starting from pure elemental foils.
Another possible contributing factor is the existence of a broad halo from amorphous fractions.
Dieter, "Mechanical Metallurgy", SI Metric Edition, McGraw-Hill, London-New York (1988) p.174

Improvement on Aerodynamic Characteristics and Drag Reduction for Supermileage Cars with Wide View Field Pey-Shey Wu1,a, Min-Jho Young2,b , Jun-Yun Wu1,c, Chia-Chian Wang1,d, Hao-Yu Hu2,e, and Chih-Fei Chang2,f 1Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering, Da-Yeh University,Taiwan 2Department of Industrial Design, Da-Yeh University, Taiwan apswu@mail.dyu.edu.tw, byoungmj@mail.dyu.edu.tw, cdh100144790@yahoo.com.tw, dyunlintaiwan@gmail.com, egtogb77221@hotmail.com, fa91314000@hotmail.com Keywords: supermileage car, aerodynamic, rollover safety, drag, vortices.
Many factors may contribute to the total resistance, for examples, internal resistance of the engine, resistances in the power transmission chain, rolling resistance of wheels, and the aerodynamic drag due to relative motion between the vehicle and surrounding air.
Although these factors may have different levels of importance, for any car in competition, each factor should be carefully examined.
The property is the dynamic viscosity of air.
d) The body shape near the rear part of a car strongly affects flow separation phenomena, the pressure recovery on the rear surfaces, and the vortex structures in the wake.

The key to the multi-factors evaluation relies on selection and impact of determining the weights as calculated: (1) Where standing for the total score of land consolidation site; indicating the weight of the indicators to determine the weights of evaluation indexes by way of pair-wise comparison method; indicating the standard value of the indicators. 1.2 Trial plot The trial plot is located at Wangyangxing Village, Zaoqiang county of Hengshui City.
After infiltration, moisture loss fast and mechanical dispersion is strong.
Flooding irrigation supplies large amount of seepage, soil moisture content is lower than cotton needs before irrigation, and after irrigation, water content in 0 cm ~ 60 cm is close to or more than the field capacity, so that the variation may affect cotton growth.
Intellectual Property Publishing House,2010.
(In Chinese) [6] Yu Liu,Ji Huang,Jinxia Wang, Decisive Factors on Agricultural Water-saving Technology Application—The Case Study Based on 10Provinces in China [J].

The alteration demands considering all factors of the whole product life form the start to ensure the developed product to satisfy the customer needs, reach the quality goal, and come into market with expected cost as quickly as possible[3].
The key of technology integrated innovation is the selection and the interrelation of technology, but the existing integrated innovation methods focus on the factor of technology innovation from the point of inside of enterprise, ignore the function identification during concept design.
Second, there are gaps between the product property and customer desire.
To solve above problems, integration design should identifying the improve aspects according the customer and market developing trend as well as abridging the gap between product property and customer needs
It means that the input of influenced functions must be affected by the output of the influencing function when two functional requirements are interacted.

It was inferred that CMT process has lower heat input that results in finer microstructure and lower dilution in the Stellite 21 coating than the PTAW process due to volumetric dilution [11] Weld dilution is an unavoidable consequence of multi-material fusion processing that affects the full-field residual stresses via the equilibrium interaction between the stresses in the base and weld metals [12].
Grade 409L also has broad applications in industry like catalytic converter systems, automotive exhaust tubing and mufflers due to properties like ease of fabrication and corrosion resistance [19, 20].
Following factors were the criteria for selecting extreme values of the parameters: weld should be free of defects; weld should be free of spatter; weld should have stability during arc formation.
Amongst all interaction effects, the interaction effect between “Wire Feed Rate” and “Voltage” emerged out as the most dominating factor on weld dilution.
International Journal of Advanced Research in Mechanical Engineering & Technology (IJARMET) 2016: Vol. 2; Issue. 2, p. 24-27, 2016

The reason is that in the scientific literature (for example [31-32]) are thermal properties of wood set only to approximately 100 °C.
Squares of the correlation factors were in all cases higher than 94%.
Galla: Determination of Fire and Burning Properties of Spruce Wood.
Torero: Determination of the flammability properties of polymeric materials: A novel method.
Zelinka: Moisture relations and physical properties of wood, in: Wood handbook (Forest Products Laboratory, USA 2010) [32] ZT.

Previous studies have discussed plantar pressures when running and performing other specific sports movements on different sports surfaces [2] [3] [9] [10] [12], identifying impact forces and lower extremity joint angle characteristics during running on different sports surfaces can help to reveal risk factors related to sports injury.
It is assumed that peak impact force can be reduced when acting on a surface having an increased cushioning property.
All subjects ran with the right foot step onto the AMTI force platform (Advanced Mechanical Technology Inc., Watertown, MA), which was fixed in the middle of the 10-meter walkway and utilized to collect the ground reaction force (GRF) at a frequency of 1000 Hz.
Biomechanical Factors Associated with Tibial Stress Fracture in Female Runners.
Footwear affects the gearing at the ankle and knee joints during running.

This develops a geologic image of the interest area, computes distributions of static reservoir properties like rock permeability and porosity, and combines these results to build a sophisticated reservoir simulation model [1].
This method has recently been used to forecast oil output based on geological factors like water saturation, permeability and porosity.
However, because the interactions among the factors are complicated, the prediction procedure is laborious and costly.
The main control factors of heavy oil production in different recovery methods using the Apriori algorithm were analysed by Qin et al. [22].
The model is more affected by the input layer with the highest weight.

Aspinwall1,c 1Machining Research Group, School of Mechanical Engineering, University Of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, United Kingdom. 2 Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.
Up until the 1980's, the machining of components for the watch industry represented the majority of application work in microscale mechanical machining, however this essentially involved 2 - 2.5D components/features.
The papers focus on a number of process characteristics which affect cutting at the microscale level and which are raised by other researchers, namely tool edge radius effects in relation to the undeformed chip thickness, workpiece grain size/microstructural effects and the mechanism of cutting (ploughing/rubbing vs. shearing) with consequent effects on built up edge (BUE) formation, cutting forces, tool wear, workpiece surface roughness and burr formation.
Anticipated reasons for this relate to the level of coating adhesion and the fact that oxidation performance is unlikely to be a significant factor.
Machining processes such as micro EDM and particularly micro end milling offer the potential to produce complex 3D components, the latter without restrictions on workpiece electrical properties but subject to the adverse effects of tool wear, cutting forces etc.