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The cooling system, water flow and temperature, degassing, filtering, melting temperatures, grain refining, casting speeds etc. are all important factors without any direct relation to metal level control.
There are a number of metal level sensor types available on the market today.

(6) where N is the number points; E is the experimental flow stress; P is the prediction flow stress by Fields-Backofen model.
Shayanpoor, “New constitutive equation utilizing grain size for modeling of hot deformation behavior of AA1070 aluminum,” Trans.

Therefore, to break the water steam by increasing spraying pressure and to increase the direct heat exchange area between cold water and hot strip by a large number of nozzles are the effective solutions to improve the heat transfer dramatically [7].
When strip entering cooling zone, fast cooling is applied to promote ferrite grain refinement, starting from strained austenite, and increase the micro-alloying elements precipitation hardening.

Sun et al. have identified that the AZ91 alloy, to which Ca was added, contributes to the grain refinement and enhances elevated temperature properties [9].
Acknowledgment “This work was supported by a grant of the Romanian Ministery of Research and Innovation, CCCDI – UEFISCDI, project number PN-III-P1-1.2-PCCDI-2017-0239/60PCCDI 2018, within PNCDI III”.

The kinetics Avrami-equations of phase transformation can be expressed as follow: f=1-exp(-btn) (4) Where f is volume fraction of precipitates; t is aging time, b and n are constants. b depends on the temperature of phase transformation, composition of supersaturated solid solution and size of crystal grain. n depends on the type of phase transformation and nucleation location.
A high dislocation density gives a large number of nucleation sites, and therefore a faster rate of precipitation and growth.

The number of grains contained in this volume was estimated at 6 x 104.

Grätzel and his co-workers reported a high efficient DSSC based on nanocrystalline TiO2 electrode, which was composed of titania nanocrystalline particles accumulated on a transparent conducting oxide substrate and achieved a high specific surface area for adsorption of a large number of ruthenium complexes [�,2,3].
The mean grain sizes are measured with a computer to be 20 nm and the mean roughness (RMS) 0.8.

In Fig. 1, the grains were formed in peaks and valleys-island shaped particles and were clearly identified.
This means that the size of number of self-similar pieces in TiN coating decreased with an increase in N2 gas flow rate and vice versa.

Hence, a large number of studies had been undertaken to find ideal tool steel microstructures.
The MC, M2C, and M6C carbides are formed preferentially in the austenite grain boundaries.

Spray forming presents features of rapid solidification techniques and thus results in fine-grained microstructures, increased solid solubility, non-equilibrium phases and small sizes intermetallics [1].
In the past, the investigations have been carried out to establish the compositions, morphologies and crystal structures of a large number of ternary and binary phases that exist in Al-Fe-Si ternary system [3-5].