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Online since: January 2010
Authors: E.A. Brocchi, F.J. Moura, I.G. Solórzono, M.S. Motta
The oxides hydrogen reduction reaction can be written in the following form:
MO(s) + H2(g) → M(s) + H2O(g)
Hydrogen reduction thermodynamic evaluation of some oxides, in terms of standard Gibbs energy
variation as function of temperature, is shown in Figure 2.
It is possible to see that depending on the oxide, the reduction reaction involved can or can not be implemented.
After reduction, the samples were cooled down in an inert atmosphere until reaching the ambient temperature and weighed.
Figure 7-X-Ray Diffraction pattern for Ni-Cu alloy obtained from Ni and Cu co-formed oxides reduction by H2.
Jena, Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B, Vol. 35 B, n. 6, (2004), p. 1107 [9] 2000 JCPDS - International Center for Diffraction Data, Cards 80-1917; 78-0643 and 851326; 87-0712
It is possible to see that depending on the oxide, the reduction reaction involved can or can not be implemented.
After reduction, the samples were cooled down in an inert atmosphere until reaching the ambient temperature and weighed.
Figure 7-X-Ray Diffraction pattern for Ni-Cu alloy obtained from Ni and Cu co-formed oxides reduction by H2.
Jena, Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B, Vol. 35 B, n. 6, (2004), p. 1107 [9] 2000 JCPDS - International Center for Diffraction Data, Cards 80-1917; 78-0643 and 851326; 87-0712
Online since: August 2013
Authors: Ru Hua Zhang, Chang Min Guo, Peng Li, Xiu Qiao Wang, Guo Xi Jing
Firstly, the temperature prediction model was built and calibrated by the test data, which ensured the rationality.
The time-resolved data, which is needed to get the cylinder head temperature, is averaged heat transfer coefficients and local gas temperature.
Finally the thermal boundary conditions of fire plate should satisfy the following relationship after calibration by test data
Additionally the FE-model and load data uncertainty are considered by 5% each.
Conclusions The use of multidisciplinary simulation approach in early phase of design has helped to identify the critical zones a potential failure from a thermal and a structural perspective.A temperature prediction model was built and calibrated by the test data.
The time-resolved data, which is needed to get the cylinder head temperature, is averaged heat transfer coefficients and local gas temperature.
Finally the thermal boundary conditions of fire plate should satisfy the following relationship after calibration by test data
Additionally the FE-model and load data uncertainty are considered by 5% each.
Conclusions The use of multidisciplinary simulation approach in early phase of design has helped to identify the critical zones a potential failure from a thermal and a structural perspective.A temperature prediction model was built and calibrated by the test data.
Online since: August 2013
Authors: Xu Chang, Shan Shan Pei, Na Su
Fig.1 Real-time network forensics model based on Data Mining
Data mining is mining useful information or knowledge from the data.
Generally, the raw data has characteristics of massive, incomplete, noisy, fuzzy and random data.
Implementation of data mining generally includes problem definition, data acquisition, data preprocessing, data mining, implementation and evaluation of the effectiveness of the data mining steps in this.The second step is to obtain data and preprocess.
In order to simulate the experimental convenience, we take 10% of the data set of 10,000 training data set to pass data dimensionality reduction, training, generating rules.
So that the proportion of normal data are 99%, According with normal network data features.
Generally, the raw data has characteristics of massive, incomplete, noisy, fuzzy and random data.
Implementation of data mining generally includes problem definition, data acquisition, data preprocessing, data mining, implementation and evaluation of the effectiveness of the data mining steps in this.The second step is to obtain data and preprocess.
In order to simulate the experimental convenience, we take 10% of the data set of 10,000 training data set to pass data dimensionality reduction, training, generating rules.
So that the proportion of normal data are 99%, According with normal network data features.
Online since: October 2012
Authors: Zhong Ling Zong, Zhen Dong Zhang, Dong Rui Yao
Implementing the security monitoring and control can timely provide the critical data and information on the security control of the artificial island and also monitor the data acquisition and analysis, which offer a reference value of the information engineering technology on the artificial island construction[3].
The safety monitoring system should include sensing systems, data acquisition as well as analysis systems and the monitoring center.
The sensing system includes a program of the perception of component selection and layout of sensor networks in the structure; data acquisition and analysis systems are composed of a powerful computer system, which can realize different physical signal acquisition and preprocessing.
To ensure reliable monitoring data, the feasible reference control method must be considered and ensure that the sensing instrument has sufficient accuracy and life, measures can be taken: (1) sea Island security monitoring has long cycles and poor environment.
So data acquisition with high precision, better durability optical fiber grating sensor equipment and components are recommended.(2)deep horizontal displacement monitoring, inclinometer tube depth than the potential of the deepest sliding failure surface below and left a certain margin to the bottom of the hole, the pore water pressure monitoring, early to establish a different depth points with different depth of the static pressure correction curve.(3) taking a scientific and reasonable data acquisition and processing method, sifting a large number of monitoring data then receiving the relative real monitoring data and comparing with the theoretical analysis.
The safety monitoring system should include sensing systems, data acquisition as well as analysis systems and the monitoring center.
The sensing system includes a program of the perception of component selection and layout of sensor networks in the structure; data acquisition and analysis systems are composed of a powerful computer system, which can realize different physical signal acquisition and preprocessing.
To ensure reliable monitoring data, the feasible reference control method must be considered and ensure that the sensing instrument has sufficient accuracy and life, measures can be taken: (1) sea Island security monitoring has long cycles and poor environment.
So data acquisition with high precision, better durability optical fiber grating sensor equipment and components are recommended.(2)deep horizontal displacement monitoring, inclinometer tube depth than the potential of the deepest sliding failure surface below and left a certain margin to the bottom of the hole, the pore water pressure monitoring, early to establish a different depth points with different depth of the static pressure correction curve.(3) taking a scientific and reasonable data acquisition and processing method, sifting a large number of monitoring data then receiving the relative real monitoring data and comparing with the theoretical analysis.
Online since: February 2016
Authors: Boris Vladimirovich Kargin
There is the wall thickness change when the thin-walled tubes sinking is used, the larger the total reduction in a tube diameter, the greater the change is.
The study targeted the following ways of sinking pass: drawing in a single die with a diameter of 13,8mm (0.54″) with a large reduction in one pass, drawing through the two dies with the reduction in two passes and diameters 18,2mm-13,8mm (0.7-0.54″), 16,5mm-13,8mm (0.6-0.54″), 15,0mm-13,8mm (0.59-0.54″), simultaneous drawing in two dies in a single pass with diameters 18,2mm-13,8mm (0.7-0.54″), 16,5mm-13,8mm (0.6-0.54″), 15,0mm-13,8mm (0.59-0.54″).
The reduction distribution between dies while drawing in two dies in one and two passes doesn’t influence the wall thickening value, that is consistent with the results of physical experiments described in the work [1].
The comparison of a calculated data from the table 1 shows that if there is drawing conducted simultaneously in two dies, the normal stress maximum values in the second die is substantially less than during the drawing in two dies in two passes.
Based on the foregoing, for an even wear there should be conducted the same reductions per pass during the simultaneous drawing in two dies.
The study targeted the following ways of sinking pass: drawing in a single die with a diameter of 13,8mm (0.54″) with a large reduction in one pass, drawing through the two dies with the reduction in two passes and diameters 18,2mm-13,8mm (0.7-0.54″), 16,5mm-13,8mm (0.6-0.54″), 15,0mm-13,8mm (0.59-0.54″), simultaneous drawing in two dies in a single pass with diameters 18,2mm-13,8mm (0.7-0.54″), 16,5mm-13,8mm (0.6-0.54″), 15,0mm-13,8mm (0.59-0.54″).
The reduction distribution between dies while drawing in two dies in one and two passes doesn’t influence the wall thickening value, that is consistent with the results of physical experiments described in the work [1].
The comparison of a calculated data from the table 1 shows that if there is drawing conducted simultaneously in two dies, the normal stress maximum values in the second die is substantially less than during the drawing in two dies in two passes.
Based on the foregoing, for an even wear there should be conducted the same reductions per pass during the simultaneous drawing in two dies.
Online since: May 2007
Authors: Woon Suk Hwang, Jeong Ja Lee, Won Seog Yang, Seung Chan Na
Plots of ie versus 1/τ for galvanostatic reduction of passive film on a 304 stainless steel are given in
Fig. 3.
Data were taken from Fig. 2.
The negative values of q0 and i0 mean that the self-activation is the cathodic reduction process.
Galvanic reduction tests were performed for various passivation time and passivation potential in a 1M H2SO4 solution.
It is appeared that almost all the amount of applied cathodic current up to 200 nAcm-2 is consumed for reduction of passive film.
Data were taken from Fig. 2.
The negative values of q0 and i0 mean that the self-activation is the cathodic reduction process.
Galvanic reduction tests were performed for various passivation time and passivation potential in a 1M H2SO4 solution.
It is appeared that almost all the amount of applied cathodic current up to 200 nAcm-2 is consumed for reduction of passive film.
Online since: August 2014
Authors: Lu Chen, Shi Hai Fan, Shi Nan Zhang
Active Noise Control (ANC) technology is applied to noise reduction of the equipment, and a noise reduction mathematics model is built based on accurate noise measurement.
In this process, the phase and amplitude measurements must be carried out simultaneously, thereby obtaining real-time data.
We introduce an over reduction factor β in subtraction rule and constant α to limit the maximum spectral subtraction level.
System Implementation 3.1 Noise Reduction Subsystem The core component of noise reduction subsystem is active noise reduction headset, which is vehicle communication audio terminal equipment, for the vehicle crew, carriers who performs vehicle interior and inter-vehicle communication.
As shown in Figure 5, the active noise reduction headphones are composed by the structural component and circuit boards, including left earmuff, right earmuff, switch section and noise reduction circuit.
In this process, the phase and amplitude measurements must be carried out simultaneously, thereby obtaining real-time data.
We introduce an over reduction factor β in subtraction rule and constant α to limit the maximum spectral subtraction level.
System Implementation 3.1 Noise Reduction Subsystem The core component of noise reduction subsystem is active noise reduction headset, which is vehicle communication audio terminal equipment, for the vehicle crew, carriers who performs vehicle interior and inter-vehicle communication.
As shown in Figure 5, the active noise reduction headphones are composed by the structural component and circuit boards, including left earmuff, right earmuff, switch section and noise reduction circuit.
Online since: October 2015
Authors: Thais Gulo, Marco Quattrone, Sergio Cirelli Angulo
Data are taken from eight buildings sites, where construction waste generation was totally tracked and monitored during all stages of construction.
Methodology In this study, data, about construction waste amounts, have been collected from the database of a contractor working in the Sao Paulo area.
Data mining and analysis The following data of building sites were collected: · Gross floor area [m2], is the datum coming from the project formally approved by the Council
Results and discussions Table 4 summarizes the collected data.
For buildings with gross area from 20,000 to 80,000 m², there is a reduction of approximately 18% of construction waste.
Methodology In this study, data, about construction waste amounts, have been collected from the database of a contractor working in the Sao Paulo area.
Data mining and analysis The following data of building sites were collected: · Gross floor area [m2], is the datum coming from the project formally approved by the Council
Results and discussions Table 4 summarizes the collected data.
For buildings with gross area from 20,000 to 80,000 m², there is a reduction of approximately 18% of construction waste.
Online since: March 2013
Authors: Jaroslav Filip, Jana Šefčovičová, Peter Gemeiner, Jan Tkac
Bilirubin oxidase (BOD) was proved to adsorb effectively on such a nanointerface, retaining its catalytic activity for reduction of dioxygen to water, which was proved by cyclic voltammetry.
Furthermore, BOD was adsorbed on graphene oxide with subsequent electrochemical reduction of graphene oxide into a conductive graphene film with BOD trapped within the matrix.
Modification of GCE by either GO or rGO and subsequent incubation with an enzyme solution was not effective for bilirubin oxidase (data not shown), even though similar protocol was confirmed to be suitable for laccase immobilization [9].
Therefore a reduction of GCE||GO/BOD was performed in order to turn GO into conductive rGO.
An observed amperometric response (Fig. 1 A-c) confirmed that immobilized BOD was able to withdraw electrons from rGO and utilize them in O2 reduction without any mediator involved.
Furthermore, BOD was adsorbed on graphene oxide with subsequent electrochemical reduction of graphene oxide into a conductive graphene film with BOD trapped within the matrix.
Modification of GCE by either GO or rGO and subsequent incubation with an enzyme solution was not effective for bilirubin oxidase (data not shown), even though similar protocol was confirmed to be suitable for laccase immobilization [9].
Therefore a reduction of GCE||GO/BOD was performed in order to turn GO into conductive rGO.
An observed amperometric response (Fig. 1 A-c) confirmed that immobilized BOD was able to withdraw electrons from rGO and utilize them in O2 reduction without any mediator involved.
Online since: February 2011
Authors: Hai Tao Wang, Huan Zhang, Ying Xue Zheng
The effect trichloroethene (TCE) reduction by the supported nanoscale Fe-Cu bimetal is researched in the batch experiments.
Kinetics studies show that the reduction of TCE process obeys pseudo-second-order kinetics.
The slopes obtained from linear regression of the data yield the first-order apparent rate constants and half-lives(t1/2) for TCE degradation
The excess H2 adsorbed on the surface of bimetal could hamper the TCE adsorption and dechlorination reduction.
In the reduction process by Fe-Cu bimetal, the ratio of Cu to Fe is an important parameter influencing the reaction rate and kinetics.
Kinetics studies show that the reduction of TCE process obeys pseudo-second-order kinetics.
The slopes obtained from linear regression of the data yield the first-order apparent rate constants and half-lives(t1/2) for TCE degradation
The excess H2 adsorbed on the surface of bimetal could hamper the TCE adsorption and dechlorination reduction.
In the reduction process by Fe-Cu bimetal, the ratio of Cu to Fe is an important parameter influencing the reaction rate and kinetics.