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The structure under consideration represents a thin shell (made of steel or reinforced concrete), the hollow of which is filled with granulated solid (in most cases – with coarse-grained soil), and can be used for building wharves and protective structures in hydraulic engineering construction (fig. 1), retaining works, deepened parts of buildings, sewerage systems, bridge abutments and other structures in industrial, civil and traffic facilities construction.
The analysis of calculation and design methods for structures of filled shells assigned by codes (SP 23.13330.2011 [4], SP 22.13330.2011 [5], etc.) allows emphasizing a number of general points: – analysis of structures of filled shells represents a set of rather odd calculations which are not combined into a substantiated, step-by-step succession that would make up general logic of calculated justification of service performance of the structures under consideration
– the main problems of calculation and design of structures of filled shells and their foundations remain solved at the stage of generalities extended to all principal types of structures and their foundations; specialized codes have been elaborated only for a limited system of design conditions; – basic design methods for structures of filled shells have been worked out on the basis of plane problem solution, without taking into consideration the peculiarities of spatial performance of the structure, changing engineering-geological, structural and other conditions along its length; – there remains open the question about methodology of calculating and taking into consideration in corresponding combinations along with the most common loads a number of special loads (such as the loads of construction period; loads caused by temperature change – for the especially severe climatic conditions; seismic and other dynamic loads); – the existing engineering design procedures do not allow assessing

A number of patents of leading Cz monocrystalline silicon manufacturers is devoted to it [4,5].
In [6] such analysis for Cz 200 mm diameter Si single crystal growth was carried out and a number of dependences of thermal influence on Si single crystal were established.
The crystal is pulled from a melt (see the "grain" crystal - 21 at the growth beginning).

When coupled with large and variable grain sizes, the HCP structure has in the past led to less than optimal mechanical properties.
While the weight savings with magnesium has the potential to be enormous, in comparison with aluminum, the tensile strength of magnesium is approximately 25% less, and the fatigue behavior (number of cycles to failure), hardness, modulus and thermal expansion are lower by 35%, 30%, 40%, and 15% respectively.
The stress-strain hysteretic loop data was captured following linear increasing cycle number based on the first 50 cycles.

The discontinuous jumps of Bloch walls are due to their local pinning by different obstacles such as inclusions [7], precipitates [8], grain boundaries [9] or dislocations tangles [10].
When the number of these pinning obstacles increases, the Barkhausen noise amplitude increases too.
Discussion Globally, BNA is strongly dependent on the number of pinning obstacles met by Bloch walls.

In ceramics, a large particle or grain size normally results in a low mechanical strength, due to inhomogeneous thermal shrinkage that causes some level of residual thermal stresses in the ceramics.
Patent application number 20120098169. (2012) [4] D.J.
China patent application number 201210531925.X. (2012) [9] H.S.

Lithium ion batteries have a number of advantages compared with other secondary batteries, for example, low self-discharge rate, long cycle life, ability to function at desired temperature [2,4].
Moreover, NrGO has nitrogen atom embedded on graphene sheets lead to a number of surface defects on graphene sheets, which can improve lithium intercalation [19], and shows good cycle performance at very high current rate and reduce capacity loss [20].
Ultrafine Grained Nanostructured Mater. 51 (2018) 1–12

A number of surface modification techniques, for example, electrochemical plating, conversion coating, anodizing, gas-phase deposition process and organic coating, have been used to improve its wear and corrosion resistance.
For the alloy Cu0.9NiAlCoCrFe in the experiments, its mixing entropy DSm=Rln(n)=Rln6=1.79R, (R: gas constant; n: the number of elements), is much higher than the formation entropy of intermetallic compounds or ordered phases.
The reason is that, under the effect of rapid heating and rapid cooling of the laser beam, the microstructure became very fine and is benefical to improve the microhardness of the HEA coating due to the fine-grained strengthening effect.

Based on the relevant strengthening mechanisms of the IN718 alloy, the deformation resistance S can be written by, S=Sdisl+SDSA where Sdisl represents the resistance to dislocation motion by relatively strong obstacles (e.g. forest dislocations, grain boundaries, etc.), and SDSA refers to the resistance due to the DSA phenomenon.
Acknowledgments This publication has emanated from research conducted with the financial support of the Shenzhen Municipal Science and Technology Innovation Council under grant number JCY20160608161000821.
Financial support of the National Science Foundation Council under grant number 11872161 is also acknowledged.

Figure 1: Sample preparation process Table 1: Preparation of Fe1.95-xNixP0.7Si0.3 (x = 0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.15) 12 g of each of the required raw materials Ingredient Serial number x=0 x=0.05 x=0.1 x=0.15 Fe 9400.9(mg) 9150.8(mg) 8901.2(mg) 8652.1(mg) Ni 0(mg) 254.1(mg) 507.8(mg) 760.9(mg) P 1871.7(mg) 1869.9(mg) 1868.1(mg) 1866.2(mg) Si 727.4(mg) 726.7(mg) 725.9(mg) 725.2(mg) Sample preparation.
Only the peaks of (001) and (002) can be observed in FIG. 8, which proves that the grains of the magnetized powder are oriented along the c axis.
In addition, no large number of impurities were detected.

Recently much attention is paid to the application of spark plasma sintering (SPS), which is especially important for ceramics from nanopowders AlN and BN, as only this method allows to achieve the greatest density while maintaining a small grain size in ceramics [1, 6].
The number of halogen in halide salts was required to fully bind sodium released during the decomposition of sodium azide NaN3 to a neutral compound - sodium chloride or fluoride.
Calculation was made for various ratios of AlN and BN in the composite powder: xAlN-yBN, where x and y - the number of moles, which may take the values x = 1; 2; 3; 4 when y = 1 and y = 1; 2; 3; 4 when x = 1.