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The seepage coefficients of the dam body materials are listed in Table 2.
(2)Under the working condition of normal water level, the seepage gradient of dam concrete panels and  dam foundation curtain  is bigger,while that of other materials area (cushion layer,main sand and gravel layer,etc.)  
Proceeding of International Conference on Management andService Science.
Journal of Northwest A & F University.
(Natural Science Edition).

Concrete can be classified as quasi-brittle materials which is the same as ceramics, rocks, some polymers, mortar and wood [4].
It can also be considered as a heterogeneous and multiphase materials [4].
Sagar, Relationship between AE Energy and Fracture Energy of Plain Concrete Beams: Experimental Study, Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering (2008), p. 212-220
Xiangqian, The Fracture of Concrete Based on Acoustic Emission, Applied Mechanics and Materials, vol. 80-81 (2011), p. 261-265
Slowik, Numerical analysis of the width of fracture process zone in concrete beams, Computational Materials Science (2011) p. 1347-1352

Magnesium alloy as the “21st Century Green Engineering Materials”, is one of the lightest metallic structure materials in current industrial applictions[1-4].
Materials and Surface Treatment Technology, 2007,(9):69-72
Corrosion Science, 2007
Journal of Chongqing University，2008, 31(6):702-706
Journal of Physical Chemistry, 2008,24(10):1831-1838

Introduction Lignocellulosic materials, such as agricultural wastes and residues, forest processing wastes, grass, are reproducible resources in nature.
Enzymatic hydrolysis is restricted because of the compositional and structural complications of raw material, and usually acidic hydrolysis is used for industrial degradation of lignocellulosic materials.
Corncob is an ideal raw material for producing xylose.
Materials and Methods Chemical Composition Analysis.
Acknowledgment The project was funded through the Project of Shandong Province Higher Educational Science and Technology Program (J12LF09) and Jinan Youth Star Science and Technology Program (2011-2-0312).

J.L.C.Carrier,in Defense Sciences Research Centre of Canada, manufactured one type of hard PSD using a material known as a MACOR.The material is a type of glass-ceramic can be carried out as cutting, grinding and drilling,has a bigger compressive strength than tensile strength.
Its soft PSD was made of mesh amide fiber/epoxy material.
PSD mainly has two forms,the soft and the hard.Hard PSD mainly includes ceramics mode,metal piece mode,non-metallic materials support mode.Soft PSD mainly includes radial direction and axial direction.
Review of multi-pulse solid rocket motor[J].Aerodynamic Missile Journal,1993,(01)
Journal of Propulsion Technology,1989,(04)

This can be done by using low-density materials such as the aluminium alloys having good formability.
Aluminium alloys are the ideal light-weight materials that can be used for this purpose [2].
Sester, Influence of material models on the accuracy of the sheet forming simulation, Materials and Manufacturing Processes, 27(2012) 304-308
Banabic, Simulation of the hydroforming process using a new orthotropic yield criterion, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 157–158 (2004) 67–74
Brem, Characterization and modeling of the mechanical behavior and formability of a 2008-T4 sheet sample, International Journal of Mechanical Sciences, 31 (1989) 549-563

The Study on Materials, Characterization and Devices of Magneto-rheological Fluids.
Beijing: Science Press(2003) [3] G.
Journal of Intelli-gent Material System and Structures.
Natural Science Edition.
Journal of Machine Design.

Effects of SnCl4 concentration on The Properties of Electroless Deposited Ni-Sn-P Coatings Xiran WANG 1,2,a, Wentao WANG1,b,Bin YANG1,c 1School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan university of science & technology, Luoyang 471023, China; 2Henan key laboratory of non-ferrous metal materials science and processing, Luoyang 471023, China) aemail: xiranwang1978@163.com, bemail: 349782812@qq.com, cemail:Yangbin@163.com Keywords: Electroless plating; Ni-Sn-P alloy; SnCl4; Alloy properties Abstract.
Acknowledgements We thank for supporting from Henan key laboratory of non-ferrous metal materials science and processing and SRTP of Henan University of Science & Technology (No. 2012011).
[J].Journal of Alloys and Compounds,436(2007):p319
Materials Characterization,59(2008):p1324
Journal of materials processing technology,209(2009):p14．

Ebert, Magnesium: Properties – applications – potential, Materials Science and Engineering A 302 (2001) 37-45
Higashi, Review: Processing and mechanical properties of fine-grained magnesium alloys, Journal of Materials Science 34 (1999) 2255-2262
Kunz, Microstructure and mechanical properties of ultrafine-grained magnesium AZ91 alloy, Materials Science Forum 782 (2014) 384-389
Reed, Superplastic behaviour of AZ91 magnesium alloy processed by high pressure torsion, Materials Science and Engineering A 637 (2015) 1-11
Al Samman, Texture development in pure Mg and Mg alloy AZ31, Materials Science Forum 495–497 (2005) 623-632. 

Abstract: Ceramic materials exhibit very low fracture toughness, which limits their applications.
Table 7: Fracture toughness of SiC-Cu-3Ti compared with commercial composite materials.
Bormann, Advance Engineering Materials, 4, Nº 3,(2002), pp. 121-125 [4] Brown, W.
E. in Plane Crack Toughness Testing of High Strength Metallic Materials", ASTM STP 410, American Society for Testing and Materials, (1966), pp. 12-14
McCullough, Material Science and Technology, Vol. 13, (1993), pp. 381-473