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., the aforementioned Nusselt number), and N is the number of validation data points.
Data reduction Out of the total concentrated heat flux on the tube surface (Figure 5), the useful heat gain in the HTF is calculated based on the corresponding fluid mass flow rate (m) and inlet (Tin) and outlet (Tout) temperatures qu=m Cp Tout-Tin The mass flow rate is obtainable from the set Reynolds number (Re) as follows Re=4 mπ DAbsin μ The useful heat gain can also be expressed as shown in Equation ‎(17) to determine the mean heat transfer coefficient on the inner side of the absorber: qu= h AAbsin (TAbsin-Tfluid) where TAbsin and Tfluid are the mean temperatures of the absorber tube’s inner surface and the fluid volume, respectively, and AAbsin is the corresponding area of the absorber tube.
Also, it can be noted that the finned absorber tube temperature is always lower than the smooth tube temperature, with reductions up to 6.7 %.
Syltherm 800 heat transfer fluid: Product technical data, (2018)
Jeter, Analytical determination of the optical performance of practical parabolic trough collectors from design data, Sol.

Field Instrument Data Acquisition.
The health of equipment state detection includes three parts: data acquisition, data transmission network, fault diagnosis and early warning system.
Energy Saving and Emission Reduction.
Process information layer is used to manage the process control equipment and its data.
Enterprise network includes high performance servers, which are used to complete the industrial networking data processing, including data storage, collection, scheduling and forwarding.

Calculation program calls the data in data storage area to conduct calculation and save the calculation results in data storage area for calling by machining program.
Data management.
Calculation program needs to call out data from data storage area and save the calculation results in data storage area for machining program.
Meanwhile, input and output data is also saved in data storage area.
Thus data storage area contains interactive data and intermediate data.

There will be a lot of traffic data during the simulation process.
Traffic simulation provides data source of I-VICS.
By establishment of road net, extraction of data, control of net and transmit of data the platform can realize its function.
The data is analyzed every 1 minute.
Data sharing between microscopic traffic simulation and GIS [J].

Numerous data are reported in literature about FSW of butt joints, very few data, to authors' knowledge, exists on T joints.
The presence of the tunnel is evident on right side (advancing): its occurrence avoids a complete metallurgical continuity of joint resulting in a dramatic reduction of resisting area and in a drop of mechanical properties, here appreciated mainly in terms of a reduced stiffness.

Clustering analysis to reasonably divide data sets in order to discover novel, useful and understandable patterns or data distribution in data sets.
In the feature space of the data set, data points of certain categories appear in relatively close clusters.
N(m,n) describes the how proper it is that data point xm selects data point xn as its exemplar.
Clustering by passing messages between data points[J].
Finding groups in data: an introduction to clustering analysis[M].

Such bearers are capable to secure data stored for centuries or even millennia.
STM-based data storage Scanning probe microscopy and heat-assisted magnetic recording (НАМR) are the two major technologies of keen interest for the developers of various data storage devices.
This mode provides high spatial velocity and consequently high data recording speed but generates certain data fidelity-related issues.
The presented technique holds much promise for commercial data storage systems.
Lunt, M.Linford, US Patent 2,009,023,1978 (2009), Long-term digital data storage

The obtained data of experimental researches allowed to develop technology of removal of phosphorus compounds simultaneously with biological sewage treatment.
When using immobilized microflora, the reduction of phosphate concentration is somewhat higher than in the unit with free-floating microflora.
Of course, the anaerobic conditions created in the middle of the carrier to some extent improve the absorption of phosphates by microorganisms, but the ratio of aerobic zone and anaerobic zone in immobilized microflora is such that the aerobic zone is much larger than the anaerobic zone, where according to reference data the transition of phosphates back into aqueous solution takes place.
Experimental data show that the level of phosphate removal under anaerobic conditions depends primarily on the concentration of activated sludge in contact with the phosphate solution (with wastewater).
At a concentration of activated sludge of 3.5 g/dm³, the reduction of phosphates is vigorous, and after 8 hours of contact, the phosphate content is 0.18 mg/dm³.

The calculated joint force value and tested data were listed in table 1.
It proves that the calculated shear force fluctuates near the tested data.
Table 1 shows that the calculated joint bending capacity is larger than the tested data.
Table 1 Comparsion of the calculated forces and the tested data Items Literature 1 Literature 2 Literature 3 Literature 4 Maximum value of calculated shearing force (kN) 512 488 488 488 351 351 351 351 Test shear value (kN) 400 493 544 60 210 250 250 420 Bending moment on the Flange caused by binding stress (kN·m) 12 10 10 10 0 0 0 0 Calculated value of caused by horizontal force (kN·m) 83 63 63 17 51 53 51 66 Calculated value of caused by vertical force (kN·m) 60 45 45 45 21 21 21 21 Maximum calculated bending moment (kN·m) 143 108 108 62 72 81 72 87 Bending moment value of joints tested (kN·m) -- 110 -- 54 54 78 65 109 Design suggestions.
To put it in another way, it is to determine the width of the flange with the inequality , in which stands for the reduction factor of the joint’s vertical bearing capacity and its value can be 0.9.

The instrument provided real-time data on the torque generated during vulcanization, enabling the determination of critical parameters such as scorch time, optimum cure time, and maximum torque.
The instrument provided real-time data on the torque generated during vulcanization, enabling the determination of critical parameters such as scorch time, optimum cure time, and maximum torque.
This reduction in tensile strength is likely due to the poor compatibility of the EG with the rubber matrix.
a) b) c) Fig. 1 SEM images of the sample containing containing EG50 (a), EG100 (b) and EG200 (c) The data presented in table 2 and Fig. 2 underscore the importance of EG in rubber formulations.
The data indicate that samples containing EG and APP had lower T-5wt%, T-20wt%, and Tmax values compared to samples without these additives.