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For these components, the damaging effects from fire can vary extremely in relation to the nature of the materials involved and the relevant fire resistance.
The formula is here reported: d = Kr x v – Mr (1) Where: Kr are the re-construction costs; v is the depreciation coefficient; Mr is the value of residual materials.
Actually, many variables contribute to define the depreciation coefficients, as the age of the building, the materials used, the functional and techological solutions adoped, the manteinance condition and the economic context.
[15] Manganelli B., Maintenance, building depreciation and land rent, Applied Mechanics and Materials, Volume 357-360, 2013
[16] Morano P., Tajani F., Break Even Analysis for the financial verification of urban regeneration projects, Applied Mechanics and Materials, Trans Tech Publications, vols. 438-439, 2013.

The materials becoming microcapsule contain various new functions.
Today’s industry makes use of microencapsulated materials to enhance the properties of finished goods.
This property of microencapsulated phase change materials can be harnessed to increase the comfort level for users of sports equipment, military gear, bedding, clothing, building materials, and many other products.
The physic-chemical method is that the membrane and core material forming between coacervation and separation of materials.
This method is restricted to encapsulation of solid core materials, including liquids absorbed into porous solids.

Magnetoelectric (ME) coupling effects in multiferroic materials have attracted much attention in recent times because of the intriguing science underpinning this phenomena and being currently intense interest in the implementation of this coupling in an electronic devices.
This research was being an earlier research to synthesize multiferroic materials.
[7] H.Seema, S.K.Durrani.S.K, K.Saeed, I.Mohammadzai, N.Husaain, “Auto-combustion synthesis and characterization of multi-ferroic (BiFeO3) materials”, JPMS Conference Issue Materials, 2010
[9] T.Singanahally, Aruna, S.Alexander, Mukasyan, “Combustion synthesis and nanomaterials”, Current Opinion in Solid State and Materials Science 12 pp 44-50, 2008
[10] D.Suastiyanti, B.Soegijono, “Shifting of x-ray diffraction pattern peak on BaFe12O19 nanocrystalline produced by sol gel auto combustion method”, Advanced Materials Research Journal 576 pp 240-243, 2012.

New Method for Characterizing Interface Fracture Between Dissimilar Materials Junlong Peng1,a, Jiao Tang1,b, Zhenyu Ouyang*2,c ( * Corresponding Author) 1 Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha, Hunan, 410000, China 2 Southern Univerisity, Baton Rouge, LA, 70813, USA a bestengineer@163.com,b tangjiaoweirui20@126.com,c zhenyuouyang@hotmail.com Keywords: Cohesive zone model, Interfacial fracture, Hybrid joints, bi-material interface.
Bonded interfaces of two dissimilar materials, are quite common.
Therefore, the fracture behaviour of bi-material interface cracks attracted considerable attention in the recent years.Due to the different chemical, mechanical and thermal behaviors of materials, dissimilar materials joining presents challenges significantly different than similar materials joining..
R., Rice, Journal of Applied Mechanics, 54, 828 (1987)
R., Rice, Journal of Applied Mechanics, 35, 379 (1968).

With the surface materials of cold region buildings as the research object in this paper, a study on the changes in the color of surface materials in the cases of discoloration, fading and yellowing is made.
The causes of discoloration, fading and stains vary with materials.
The building materials in this area show different color attenuation from those in temperate regions.
Therefore, it is necessary to perform investigation into building materials and forecast color attenuation, based on which proper materials and methods can be selected. 2 Discoloration and Fading The use of plain colored materials and coatings mainly for protection more or less allows some change in appearance (color, luster, texture) [2].
Architecture technology and science, Chongqing Univ., Chongqing, China,2008

The structural analysis of the powder materials prepared in this work were carried out by XRD, SEM, ICP and other test methods.
Therefore, fluoride is one of the most excellent optical materials that we currently acknowledgement [5-8].
Chen, "Fabrication and Mechanical Properties of Nano-ceramic Materials," cFoshan Ceramics, Vol. 12, no. 1. 2002, pp. 1-4
Chen et al., "A new strategy for achieving white-light emission of lanthanide complexes: effective control of energy transfer from blue-emissive fluorophore to Eu(iii) centres," Journal of Materials Chemistry C, Vol. 3, no. 8. 2015, pp. 1799-806
Niihara, "Synthesis of nanoscaled yttrium aluminum garnet powder by the co-precipitation method," Materials Science and Engineering, Vol.

Application of X-CT technology in the microstructure analysis of cement-based materials Ping Zhang 1,a, Honggen Qin 1,b, Keshu Wan 1,c, Chaoming Pang 1,d, Wei Sun 1,e, Weiling Zhou 2, f 1 School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Civil Engineering Material, Nanjing, 211189, PR China 2 State Key Laboratory of High Performance Civil Engineering Materials, Jiangsu Academy of Builing Science Co., LTD., Nanjing 210008, China azhang-ping@seu.edu.cn, b qinhonggen@seu.edu.cn, ckeshuwan@seu.edu.cn, dpangchao@seu.edu.cn, esunwei@seu.edu.cn, fzhouweiling@cnjsjk.cn Key words: X-CT technology; Pore structure; Gray value; Cement-based materials Abstract: Based on the small density changes of each phases, the defects and morphology of cement-based materials can be observed with the X-ray computed tomography (X-CT).
The application of X-CT technology in the cement-based materials was reviewed in this paper.
Introduction Concrete is non homogeneous materials with complex micro and macro structure.
It can also provide evidence for the damage and deterioration study of cement-based materials by tracking observation and quantitative statistics.
Conclusions X-CT technology plays an important role in the microstructure analysis of cement-based materials.

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Research the Performance of Alumina Insulation Material by Freeze-Drying Daoyuan Yang a, Guanghui Wei b School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Henan 450001, China ayangdaoyuan@zzu.edu.cn, b weiguanghui2005@163.com, Keywords: freeze-drying; porous alumina; thermal conductivity Abstract.
In the actual application process can be used as exhaust gas filters, liquid filters, piezoelectric materials and high temperature insulation materials [1].
Journal of the European Ceramic Society.
Journal of the American Ceramic Society.
Su, Materials Letters.

Introduction Functionally graded materials (FGM) have widely used as structural components in aerospace, automotive engineering [1].
Therefore, structures where a substrate made of FGM is coupled with surface-bonded piezoelectric layers and using piezoelectric materials to realize structure vibration control in the engineering department has a broad application prospect.
Material Properties Generally speaking, most of the FGM are employed in high-temperature environments and many of the constituent materials may possess temperature-dependent properties.
International Journal of Mechanical Sciences 03 (2002) p.561-584 [4] Huishen Shen.
Journal of Applied Mechanics ASME 51 (1984) p.745–752