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In the cross section the local deformation is visible from the deformed grains of the metal.
In the 2D model, 1968 nodes and 1798 elements (at the beginning, the numbers change during the simulation because of the remeshing tool) are used to build up the forming process.

At present, a numbers of researches about the effect mechanism of environmental factors on aquatic macrophytes, they can be summarized as the following aspects: nutrient, suspended matter, substrate and other factors such as light intensity, heavy metal, temperature, pH and so on.
Suspended sediments can be divided into two categories with organic components and inorganic components, and organic components are very complex which are mainly composed of planktonic plants and animals, microorganisms, live and dead organisms and organic matter including lipids, polysaccharides which cover on the mineral grains.

Using simulation to obtain optimized technical parameters or to predict the experiment results, the number of experiments and costs can be greatly reduced.
The growth direction of column crystal is influenced by the orientations of grains of substrate.

Can't reaction to the traffic flow mixture technical requirements The Marshall law divides into simply the volume of traffic the light, medium and heavy, and compacted to simulate the number of different level of the three types of traffic, then draw the asphalt mixture volume characteristic parameters.
Mesh size 0.075 0.15 0.3 0.6 1.18 2.36 4.75 9.5 the U.S regulate 7-14 8-18 18-32 30-55 40-65 60-85 80-100 100 KOCH Materials Company recommend 6-14 8-20 15-35 25-55 40-70 60-85 80-100 100 From table 1 it can be seen in the United States regulate and KOCH Materials Company recommended graded range is wider range of upper limit, in general, the mineral material attachment level for gradation, close-grained structure.

The grain size after quenching was ~ 0.12 mm.
This behavior is similar to that observed in a number of powder metallurgy Al alloys and Al metal-matrix composites [7, 8].

At a density below 95 %, the compact will contain a number of open porosity and hence will not be able to be fully densified by subsequent rounds of HIP.
The Ti-6242 alloy contained α-platelet colonies and massive α phase at the grain boundaries (Fig.1a).

., precipitates, inclusions and grain-boundaries), variations in impurity concentration, states in the energy gap and excess carrier diffusion lengths [1].
A new mapping device (PMT R943-02 Select, Horiba Ltd., Kyoto, Japan) and related software were developed which enabled point-grid collection with nanometer-scale spatial resolution, and the automatic analysis of a large number of spectra.

Other appealing approaches have been developed to handle coarse- and fine-grain models at once, such as multi-grid [9], variational multiscale [10], quasicontinuum [11], bridging domain [12], and discrete-to-continuum bridging [13] methods.
To obtain a good accuracy, a quite rough mesh may be used (we used L1 triangular elements) and the corresponding number of degrees of freedom is one order of magnitude lesser than in the fully discrete model.

Zhao Changying [3] took the stockpiled large number of desulphurization and skimming slag from Ansteel as its study object and researched the recycling of useful components exist in the desulphurization and skimming slag through classification and gravity-magnetic separation technology.
MA et al [4] and XU et al [5] deduced the optimum grain size relationship between mineral slag and cement on the base of close packing principle, then put forward that the optimum specific surface area range of mineral admixture should be between 450 m2/kg to 750 m2/kg.

According to the statistical bulletin of 2008 from the National Bureau of Statistics of China, in the year of 2007, 514.01 million tons of grain,64.2 million tons of chemical fertilizer, 1.56 billion tons of cement and 3.19 billion tons of coal were produced, which increased by 3.1%,8.6%, 10.0%, 9.9% respectively compared with the year of 2006.
In China, a number of interdisciplinary research centers have been established to promote and facilitate collaborations among institutions by sharing R&D resources, such as the National Center for Nano-science and Technology , the National Center for Nano-engineering and the joint project of ‘Nano-science and Nanotechnology’ initiated by Chinese Academy of Science（CAS），and so on.