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Pozzolanic Reactivity of Coal Bottom Ash after Chemically Pre-Treated with Sulfuric Acid Andri Kusbiantoro1,a, Amalina Hanani1,b, Rahimah Embong1,c 1Faculty of Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Pahang 26300, Malaysia aandri@ump.edu.my, bamalinahanani94@gmail.com, cemmariiz13@gmail.com Keywords: Coal Bottom Ash, Chemical Pre-Treatment, Pozzolanic Reactivity Abstract.
Procedia Engineering 125 804-810 (2015) [2] D.
Procedia Engineering, 57, 149-158. (2013) [3] M.S.
Master of Science in Civil Engineering Addis Ababa. (2011) [6] Z.A.
International Journal of Environmental Engineering, 2(1-3), 139-158. (2009) [7] M.R.

Improvement of joinability in mechanical clinching of ultra-high strength steel sheets using counter pressure Yohei Abe1, Shoma Nishino1, Ken-Ichiro Mori1 and Toru Kato² 1Department of Mechanical Engineering, Toyohashi University of Technology, Japan 2Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ishikawa National College of Technology, Japan Keywords: joining, mechanical clinching, joint strength, ultra-high strength steel sheet, tool design Abstract.
R.: Joining techniques for aluminium spaceframes used in automobiles: Part II — adhesive bonding and mechanical fasteners Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 2000, 99(1-3), pp. 72-79 [4] Ning, N., Ouyang, K., Zhang, Y., Qiao, Z., Tao, C., Li, F.: Research on press joining technology for automotive metallic sheets, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 2003, 137, pp. 159–163 [5] Mucha, J., Kaščák, Ľ., Spišák, E.: Joining the car-body sheets using clinching process with various thickness and mechanical property arrangements, Archives of civil and mechanical engineering, 2011, 11(1), pp. 135-148 [6] Krause, A.R., Chernenkoff, R.A.: A comparative study of the fatigue behavior of spot welded and mechanically fastened aluminum joints, SAE Technical Paper Series (Society Automotive Engineering), 1995, 950710 [7] Carboni, M., Beretta, S., Monno, M.: Fatigue behaviour of tensile-shear loaded clinched joints.
Engineering Fracture Mechanics, 2006, 73, pp. 178-190 [8] Mori, K., Abe, Y., Kato, T.: Mechanism of superiority of fatigue strength for aluminium alloy sheets joined mechanical clinching and self-pierce riveting, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 2012, 212 (9), pp. 1900-1905 [9] Varis, J.: The suitability of round clinching tools for high strength structural steel, Thin-Walled Structures, 2002, 40 (3), pp. 225-238 [10] Varis, J.P.: The suitability of clinching as a joining method for high-strength structural steel, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 2003, 132 (1), pp. 242-249 [11] Abe, Y., Kato, T., Mori, K.: Mechanical clinching of ultra-high strength steel sheets, Proceedings of 14th International Conference on Metal Forming, Krakow, 2012, 615-618 [12] Japanese Industrial Standards Committee: Specimen dimensions and procedure for shear testing resistance spot and embossed projection welded joints, 1999, JIS Z-3136 [13] Japanese Industrial Standards Committee:

Study on the CT real-time scanning tests and deterioration evolution process of recycled concrete Chen Ai-jiu1,a，Zhang Qing2,3,b，Wang Jing1,c，Ge Zhan-fang1,d 1School of Civil Engineering and Communication,North China University of Water Conservancy and Electric Power; Zhengzhou,China； 2State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, China 3Department of Engineering Mechanics, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China aemail:caj1967@163.com, bemail:lxzhangqing@hhu.edu.cn, cemaill:wj@ncwcu.edu.cn, demail:gezhanfang@ncwcu.edu.cn Key words: recycled concrete； CT numbers ；deterioration Abstract.
Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(22):4003-4009
Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2006,37(9):1044-1050

Comparative Study on Design of Experiment in Frequency-based Response Surface Methodology for Damage Detection Sarehati Umar1, a, Norhisham Bakhary1, b and Airil Yasreen Mohd Yassin 1, c 1Faculty of Civil Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia asarehati@gmail.com, bnorhisham@utm.my, cayasreen@utm.my Keywords: Damage detection; Model updating; Response surface methodology; Design of experiment; Modal frequency.
Allen, Metamodels for computer-based engineering design: Survey and recommendations, Engineering with computers 17 (2001) 129-150
Chen, Finite element model updating in structural dynamics by using the response surface method, Engineering structures 32 (2010) 2455-2465
Salawu, Detection of structural damage through changes in frequency: A review, Engineering structures 19 (1997) 718-723.

Analysis of Long-term Deformation of Reinforced Retaining Wall using Optical Fiber Sensor Geotextile Liang Lu1, 2,a, Zongjian Wang3,b, Huan Feng1, 2,c and Katsuhiko Arai4,d 1School of Civil Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China 2Key Laboratory of New Technology for Construction of Cities in Mountain Area (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400045, China 3Institute of Geotechnical Engineering, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing 400074, China 4NPO Research Institute of Ground Disaster Prevention of Fukui Region, Fukui 910-0004, Japan aluliangsky@163.com, bwangzongjiansky@163.com, cshimuyan1227@126.com, dgeotech@u-fukui.ac.jp Keywords: deformation, geotextile, optical fiber sensor, reinforced retaining wall Abstract.
The following conclusions can ne drived from the experimental and numerical results in this paper: 1) The application of optical fiber sensor geotextile to an actual case showed that the optical sensor can measure a continuous strain distribution in the geotextile and enable to provide the strain distribution close with the numerical result. 2) The proposed procedure used a simple model which only requires a small number of soil parameters and provided reasonable results in the critical state, in which the collapse mode is represented by the distribution of yield elements. 3) According to the critical value of strain, the case study proved that the stability of the geotextile reinforced retaining wall can be evaluated by the maximum strain. 4) Case study showed the possibility that the proposed procedure gives the realistic evaluation of stability of reinforced retaining wall and provides a useful engineering tool for the design of reinforced retainig wall.
Otani/ Research Publishing, Proc. of the International Workshop on ICT in Geo-Engineering, Kyoto Japan(2012)
King: Internal Journal of Numerical Methods Engineering Vol. 1 (1969), p. 75

Fig. 15 Steel strain during the load test, SO3, SO4 Fig. 16 Monitoring of shrinkage and creep in laboratory conditions Comparison of measured and calculated values To verify the real behavior of the bridge, a structural model of the bridges was set up using the software SCIA ENGINEER [4], the module TDA [5].
In general, long-term monitoring is recommended for all engineering structures.
The presented paper also utilized results of junior grant of specific research project FAST-J-14-2378 “Time dependant analysis of a bridge with phased cross-section employing 3D models”, which was financially supported by Faculty of Civil Engineering of Brno University of Technology.
Scia engineer – Software System for Analysis, Design and Drawings of Steel, Concrete, Timber and Plastic Structures, Herk-de-Stad, Belgium: SCIA Group nv
Zich, Long-Term Deflections of Cantilever Segmental Bridges, in: Baltic Journal of Road and Bridge Engineering, ISSN 1822-427X, TU Tallinn, Vilnius, 2013.

The Application of Dynamic Finite Element Method in Beam Structure YANG Licheng 1,a , QING Shangle 1,b , HUANG Xuan 1,c and LUO Yiping1,d 1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Engineering, Xiangtan, 411104, China a ylich2008@163.com, b Lishj2000@yahoo.com.cn, clelewcj@163.com, dWangj8288@163.com Keywords: Dynamic FEM, beam structure, Duhamel integral Abstract.
However, many practical engineering problems are usually subjected to dynamic loads with time.
The dynamic FEM is suitable for solution of computer programming, which becomes an important means for scientific research and engineering analysis in many fields, such as machinery, water and electricity and civil and construction, and so on.
References [1] Heribert Blum, Andreas Rademacher and Andreas Schroder: Electronic Transactions on Numerical Analysis Vol. 44(2008), P.162 [2] William Taylor Matias Silva and Luciano Mendes Bezerra: Mathematical Problems in Engineering.

Experimental Study on Seismic Performance of Non-dispersible Underwater Concrete Short Columns Dao Ming Sun1,a, Hai Gui Kang2,b, Yun Fang Lu3,c, Wei Qiu Zhong4,d 1School of Hydraulic Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116023, China 2State Key Laboratory of Coastal and Offshore Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116023, China 3School of Civil Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116023, China 4Faculty of Infrastructure Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116023, China a 178025837@qq.com, b 772033829@qq.com, c 784245946@qq.com, dzhongweiqiu3000@yahoo.com.cn Keywords: Experiment, Non-Dispersible Underwater Concrete, Seismic Performance, Short Columns Abstract.
The mode of the test which was carried out in the Structural Engineering Institute of Dalian University of Technology is simple beam.

Embedded FBG Sensor in Aircraft Smart Composite Materials for Structural Monitoring Ramzyzan Ramly1, a, Wahyu Kuntjoro1, b and Mohd Kamil Abd Rahman2, c 1Flight Technology and Testing Centre, FTTC, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam, Malaysia 2 Photonics Laboratory, Institute of Science, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam, Malaysia aramzyzan@salam.uitm.edu.my, bwkuntjoro@yahoo.com, cdrkamil@salam.uitm.edu.my Keywords: Embedded sensors, Fiber Bragg Gratings, Sandwich Panel, Aircraft Smart Composite, Structural Monitoring.
The research was made possible since there was a research done in civil structure monitoring using FBG [18, 19] Takeda et.al [5, 20] has been doing an extensive research in smart materials, damage detection using optical sensor [20, 21], health structural monitoring in aircraft honeycomb composite sandwich panel [6] and also the delamination of the face-sheet detection using fbg [22].
Micheal Johannes Leonardus, "Sandwich Fuselage Design," PhD, Faculty of Aerospace Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, the Netherlands, 1998
Okabe, "Smart composite sandwich structures for future aerospace application - Damage detection and suppression-: A review.," Journal of Solid Mechanics and Materials Engineering, vol. 1, pp. 3-17, 2007 2007
Mizutani, "Damage detection in composites using optical fibre sensors," Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part G: Journal of Aerospace Engineering, vol. 221, pp. 497-508, 2007 2007

Study on Thawing Settlement under Dynamic Loading in 109th National Highway Feng Shi1, a, Jiankun Liub and Yan Duc 1 School of Civil Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China; Keywords: dynamic load; permafrost; thawing settlement; temperature field.
Numerous scientists and engineers have obtained useful results from unconfined compression tests of thawing soil[2-5].
Frost action of soil and foundation engineering.
Canadian Gedechnical Engineering Journal, 10(1): 25-40
ABAQUS application in geotechnical engineering [M].