Search results

A number of MIDS-related phenomena came to light, as summarized in Fig. 4, showing additional weight loss, increased spall area, and cumulative acoustic emission events due to immersion.
alloy, condition no Y Y Y, 1 yr weight loss, mg/cm 2 0.01 0.1 1 10 alloy, condition no Y Y Y, 1 yr MIDS spall area, % 0.1 1 10 100 as-received H2-annealed alloy, condition no Y Y Y, 1 yr number AE events 10 100 1000 alloy, condition no Y Y Y, 1 yr weight loss, mg/cm 2 0.01 0.1 1 10 alloy, condition no Y Y Y, 1 yr MIDS spall area, % 0.1 1 10 100 as-received H2-annealed as-received H2-annealed alloy, condition no Y Y Y, 1 yr number AE events 10 100 1000 Fig. 4.
Examination of the exposed interface revealed highly faceted imprints of the alumina grains and no indication of chemical dissolution, Fig. 8.
According to many treatises on hydrogen embrittlement, a number of common aspects are in play that have parallels in the MIDS phenomenon, as discussed previously in [17]: a multi-axial tensile stress state exists which promotes hydrogen interstitial diffusion; embrittlement is maximized near room temperature, where hydrogen diffusion is sufficient to enter the material, but not so fast as to escape immediately; time delays for crack propagation are caused by this diffusion interval; and, finally, a negative synergy with interfacial sulfur exists, both experimentally and in theoretical quantum chemistry models, showing decreased M-Al2O3 interfacial bond strength.

A large number of toxic chemical elements and compounds enter the near-surface areas of the hydrosphere and lithosphere [1, 2].
In a number of regions, the bottom and walls of storage facilities are used for clay - artificial filling of cavities and large cracks in rock or soil with clay.
According to the experience of design, the application of a protective layer of sandy soil can be accompanied by a number of difficulties: insufficient stability of the soil on the slopes, external natural and climatic factors.
Removal ash is a fine material with a small particle size, which allows it to be used for a number of industries without additional grinding.
The possibility of using in solutions both as a fine additive and as a fine-grained filler has been investigated [10].

There are number of problems that help us to understand why requirement elicitation is difficult.
Problems In Requirment Elicitation Christel and kang identify a number of problems that help us to understand why requirement elicitation is difficult.
The delivered product contains a number of page layout capabilities that are quite pleasing and unexpected.
For requirement recognition it provides good cues, for example the prototypes provide users an initial version of the system which can remind them of the fine grained functions which are often otherwise overlooked.
There are a number of elicitation techniques useful for addressing one or more of the problems However; no single technique adequately addresses all of the elicitation problem areas.

Sources and sinks of vacancies are situated at external or pore(void) boundaries, grain boundaries, dislocations.
So, here we consider only heterogeneous nucleation and growth of voids, their number per unit area of interface is fixed.
This increase of the total number of vacancies going to the interface, gives larger effect than the decrease of vacancy fraction going to voids.
In this case we can reduce the number of variables from two to one: .
Deviation of actual vacancy concentration from the equilibrium value is determined by the number of generated vacancies: (the expression can be treated as a vacancy generation rate).

Also, the same phase composition titanium alloy have different film structure due to the vary grain size [10].
WHD - 30 type micro-arc oxidation power provides constant pressure and the forward voltage is 10V-120V, the vreverse voltage is 0, the pulse number is 1, the frequency is 200 Hz, the positive and negative duty ratio is 50%, oxidation time is 50 min and electrolyte temperature is room temperature.
Figure 2 (a) shows that, higher contrast of the back scattered electrons on the left side is the TC4 matrix with high average atomic number, middle low contrast is the oxide film with low average atomic number and right is the zero contrast vacuum.
Table 2 Chemical reaction and stages of titanium alloy anode oxidation Stage of anodizing physical-chemical processes chemical reactions Sequence Number the initial stage of anodizing Titanium dissolve in the electrolyte： Ti→Ti4+ + 4e– （1） Oxygen precipitate out from the anode titanium alloy: 4OH-→2H2O+O2↑+4e- （2） Formation of TiO2 film: 2Ti+8OH-→2TiO2+4H2O+8e- （3） Formation of TiO2 film: Ti+O2→TiO2 （4） Dissolve fo TiO2 film: TiO2+4H++4e-→Ti+2H2O （5） the middle stage of anodizing Titanium dissolve in the electrolyte: Ti→Ti3++3e- （6） Formation of Ti2O3 film： 2Ti+6OH-→Ti2O3+3H2O+6e- （7） Formation of Ti2O3 film： Ti+3/2O2→Ti2O3 （8） Ti2O3 film transform into TiO2film： Ti2O3+H2O→2 TiO2+2H++2e- （9） Ti2O3 film transform into TiO2film： Ti2O3+1/2O2→2 TiO2 （10） the later stage of anodizing Titanium dissolve in the electrolyte: Ti→Ti2++2e- （11） Formation of TiO film： Ti+1/2O2→2TiO （12） Formation of TiO film： 2Ti+2OH-→TiO+H2O+2e- （13） TiO film transform into Ti2O3film： 2TiO+H2O→Ti2O3+2H++2e- （14）

The machining of composites is very different from the machining of traditional metals and their alloys in a number of ways [8].
Effect of type of reinforcement and grain size of reinforcement MRR & Surface Roughness For materials where removal of metal happens primarily by melting, very fine micro-structure develops lower heat conductivity therefore higher speed of cutting is required. 33 6 TiB2 Si3N4 Copper Tool Pulse length, current, and Polarity Volumetric rate of material removal (VMRRs), relative volumetric rate of tool wear (RVTW) and surface finish (Ra).
It is advisable to use copper ET to achieve better finishing in EDM of tools. 54 12 AISI420 stainless steel Copper wire of dia. of 10 mm Die-Sinking Electric Discharge Machining (DS-EDM) Taguchi-GRA Approach Gap Voltage (volt), Pulse Current amount (ampere), and Pulse on Time (micro seconds) MRR and EWR It has been explicitly demonstrated that the T-GRA technique significantly improved a number of performance attributes in the DS-EDM method. 55 13 AA7050/5 B4C Composite cylindrical rod of Cu dia of 7 mm Spark EDM; Taguchi L9 OA; Optimization Based on TOPSIS and Grey Taguchi pulse off time pulse on time and peak current (Ip).
[15] Maibam Bindya Devi, Sameer M D and Anil Kumar Birru, EDM machining characteristics of bamboo leaf ash and alumina reinforced aluminum hybrid metal matrix composite using Multi-response optimization by grey relational analysis, Materials Research Express, Volume 8, Number 1, pp. 016518
[46] M Vignesh & R Ramanujam; Statistical modelling and analysis of material removal rate and surface roughness during wire electrical discharge hybrid turning (WEDHT) process; Sadhana, Published by the Indian Academy of Sciences, springer; 46, Article number: 73 (2021)

The concept of a community kitchen where a large number of dish concentrators heat up the water flowing in the pipelines and collectively produce huge amounts of steam that can be utilized for cooking large number of meals.
Windmills are known to exist since the 1st century AD and these were used for grinding grains.
In earlier days when the concept of electricity was not there, the mechanical energy of the wind was utilized in direct applications, such as grinding stones or grains and such structures were called wind mills.
There are many more evidences from other parts of the globe, viz., during 620 AD in Europe, where people used to harness energy from tides to rotate the grinders of the grain mills for milling grains into flour.

Roll contour is the most direct and effective Table 2 Morphology and hardness of carbide Roll material CCI HCCI SHSS HSS Carbide type Fe3C Cr7C3 MC M6C Tissue shape Reticular Chrysanthemum Grained Thin-slab Hardness, HV 1340 1600-1800 2800 1600-2400 factor for strip shape control.
(a) Strip profile: Comprehensive strip profiles of the 8 cases are shown on Fig.5 according to their shape similarity. 12.0 12.2 12.4 12.6 12.8 13.0 13.2 13.4-600 -100 400 Distance to the center of strip/mm profile/mm Case1 Case2 Case3 Case6 Case8 Case4 Case5 Case7 -0.30 -0.10 0.10 0.30 0.50 0.70 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Number of case Strip profile description/mm Wl Cq Wc Ch Fig.5 Strip profile at exit of F4 Fig.6 Description of strip profile at exit of F4 (b) Descriptive parameters including linear wedge (Wl), quadratic crown (Cq), cubic wedge (Wc) [17] and quartic crown (Ch) of strip profiles at exit of F4 are shown on Fig.6.

After harvesting and drying in air, about 5kg of each type of biomass— including all material other than grain— from the area around Zibo city, Shandong, were collected in December 2009.
Number TA-129

Recently, a large number of metal matrix composites(MMCs) have been developed for high-performance applications in automotive industries.
[Fig. 1a] shows a typical microstructure of the unmodified and unheat treated Al–15wt.% Mg2Si composite that consists of dark faceted particles of primary Mg2Si and bright α-Al grains in a matrix of Al–Mg2Si eutectic cells.