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Thus the analysis of the influence of tip clearance on ducted propeller will be carried out using CFD method.
Fig.1 Ducted propeller model Fig.3 Grid of stationary and rotating domains Fig.2 Grid regions and boundary CFD method The complex turbulent flow around ducted propeller was simulated by solving viscous incompressible RANS equations in this paper.
After numerous simulations and processing, four clearances of 2mm, 1mm, 0.5mm and 0.1mm are illustrated below for comparison (Fig.5).
Similar simulation is conducted under design condition (J=0.55) with clearance sizes ranging from 0 to 2.5mm Fig.9.
[6] LEE Jeung-Hoon, JUNG Jae-Kwon, LEE Kyung-Jun, HAN Jae-Moon, PARK Hyung-Gil, SEO Jong-Sop: Experimental Estimation of a Scaling Exponent for Tip Vortex Cavitation Via its Inception Test in Full-and-model-ship, DOI (2012), p.658-667 [7] Han Baoyu, Xiong Ying and Liu Zhihua: Numerical Study of Tip Vortex Cavitation Using CFD Method, Vol. 32 (2011), p. 702-707

Simulation results show that the velocity gradient and pressure gradient of the cone-type exhaust valve is smaller and more uniform than the disk-type exhaust valve, and the performance of cone-type exhaust valve is better than the performance of disk-type exhaust valve, which provides the valuable theoretical basis for the exhaust valve in the practical production.
Conclusions can be drawn from the simulation results that the cone-type exhaust valve is superior to the disk-type exhaust valve in the velocity distribution and pressure distribution.
Fig. 7 Static pressure distribution of the flat-type exhaust valve Fig. 8 Static pressure distribution of the cone-type exhaust valve Conclusions Two kinds of exhaust valve are designed and the flow field of the high temperature steam is simulated by CFD.
The three-dimensional simulation results can provide theoretical basis for the design of the exhaust valve and the performance improvement of the high temperature booster pump.
Wang: Computational Fluid Dynamics Analysis-CFD Software Principle and Application (Tsinghua University Press, Beijing 2008), in Chinese

With the rapid development and widespread application of computer, the simulation software can be used for numerical simulation.
Foreign researchers also did a lot work using CFD method [5].
Simulation Model and Boundary Conditions The simulation model based on FSI is established mainly including: three dimensional solid model, the grid model and calculation model.
The CFD simulation tool CFX can be used in fluid dynamics analysis, while the Workbench software in structure analysis.
Through the numerical simulation, the flow of three points when control valve is at different openings is attained.

Numerical Simulation of triangle-arranged tubular heat exchanger Hui Li1,a, Ruihua Hu1,b 1Huang He Science and Technology College, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450063, China a feng_109_1@163.com, b 1587857110@qq.com Keywords: Fluent, numerical simulation, effect of heat transfer.
Based on the principle and method of computational fluid dynamics (CFD), using the software, FLUENT, the inner water flow field in the cross-section geometric model of a triangle-arranged tubular heat exchanger was simulated and the flow details were studied roundly.
Fig.1 The mesh division of geometric model Simulation Results The figure of convergence curve.
Fig.4 The figure of pressure distribution The Improved simulation results.In order to make the distribution of the cold fluid within the heat exchanger more uniform and to improve the heat transfer effect of the fluid, a small improvement of the structure of the heat exchanger is shown in Figure 5.
Therefore, compared with the experimental study, the method of numerical simulation saves the time and costs and provides a foundation and reference for structural design optimization of the heat exchanger.

Recently, Zhang, Li and Liao [8] have focused on the impact and deformation behaviors of spray particle by simulation.
For the FEA simulation model, the high pressure and high temperature Nitrogen gas was taken into a converging/diverging gun, also called de Laval nozzle, using Ansys/CFX® Computer Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation program.
For the finite element simulation, with all the previous settings and from the CFD model output parameters, the explicit dynamic analysis was run and finished normally after approximately ~0.25ms.
Fig. 3: FEM calculated strain contours in simulation.
The results show that FEM simulation and X-Ray diffraction outcomes are well comparable together (εXRD = 0.140 and εFEA = 0.169).

Simulation results show that clearance’s influence on internal leakage is greater than rotation rate, at the clearance of 0.05mm～0.10mm is relatively suitable. 1.
Oil film mesh and numerical simulation   Seven different clearance oil film are created with Pro/E and step format models are imported into Gambit.
Application of CFD analysis for rotating machinery-Part I: hydrodynamic, hydrostatic bearings and squeeze film damper [J].
CFD analysis of journal bearing hydro-dynamic lubrication by Bingham lubricant [J].Tribology International, 2008(41):1190-1204
[4] J.J.Wang, P.F.Zhang, L.X Huang, Numerical simulation of flow around cylinder with an upstream rod in tandem at low Reynolds numbers[J].

Because simulation can optimize internal structure and reduce cost, several groups made meaningful simulations [1-9].
The simulation is done in 3D domain with finite-element method.
The effect of HVPE reactor geometry on GaN growth rate -experiments versus simulations.
Pastuszka et al., “CFD and reaction computational analysis of growth of GaN by HVPE method,” Journal of Crystal Growth, vol. 296, Sep. 2006, pp. 31-42, doi:10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2006.08.008
CFD simulation on HVPE growth GaN.

Several modifications on computational fluid dynamics (CFD) have been made to increase the number of unknown variables.
The rate of recovery of oil and the displacement of oil with displacing fluid are the core issues for the evaluation and simulation of oil reservoirs [22].
Table 1 shows the input parameters and boundary conditions for the simulation of the displacement of oil with brine.
A numerical pore scale simulation was carried out which was limited to two-dimensional flow for reservoir and oil system for recovery process.
Saidi, "Simulation of naturally fractured reservoirs," in SPE Reservoir Simulation Symposium, 1983: Society of Petroleum Engineers

R. of China aliutangzhi@yahoo.com.cn,b391873717@qq.com Keywords:Traffic safety; Tire tread groove depth; Hydraplaning; CFD Approach Abstract.Hydroplaning ranks a maior inducement of wet-weather road accidents.
By way of CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) approach, this paper frames a finite-element meta-models for rib tires ranging in groove depth, aiming to figure out the wheel water pressures on tires under different traveling conditions, and to find out water velocities of the different parts of the tire tread.
This paper makes an innovation in research methodology, to frame a 3-dimensional finite metamodel of rib tires ranging in groove depths, and then to work out the theoretical values, by way of CFD approach, of hydradynamic pressure in case of different traveling velocitys, thus to work out the risk level of hydraplaning under different traveling conditions.
Turbulences are highly difficult to trace, thus a comprehensive evaluation must be made of the simulation accuracy and the systematic resources required for computation, and then to select proper simulation model.
ADAMS Simulation on the Phenomenon of Water Slippery[J].

Here, we use the DEM – CFD coupling approach to simulate the gas-solid flow of a model BF, and then use the equations obtained above to calculate the impact energies of the flow.
The results indicate that the distributions of the energies can be determined by means of the information obtained in the DEM – CFD coupling simulations.
Tanaka, Discrete particle simulation of 2-dimensional fluidized-bed, Powder Technol. 77(1993) 79-87
Subramaniam, Particle-resolved direct numerical simulation for gas-solid flow model development, Ann.
Yu, Discrete particle simulation of particulate systems: A review of major applications and findings, Chem.