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Phenomena were assumed to occur in steady-state and in laminar conditions (Reynolds number lower than 1000).
The crystallized alumina containing coatings (C700) provide intermediate corrosion protection probably due to the presence of grain boundaries which favor electrolyte penetration through the film.

And different improvements via ion implantation have also been made in other crops such as soybean, maize, tobacco, grain and tea trees [3-6].
Pouring nitrogen ion into silkworm's ovum, scholars found special bioeffects of silkworm chrysalis that had an increasing trend of entire cocoon content, layer number and incrassate fibril [10].

The obtained MBG materials were ground and sieved, grains with sizes ranging in 38 ~ 76 µm were selected for in vitro bioactivity tests.
After 10 h of soaking, a large number of spherical particles irregularly distributed on the surface of MBG 80S15C.

The microstructure highlights the texture of the sintered glass ceramics surface with needle like crystals growing from the surface towards the centre of the grains and appear residual porosity.
This occurred since the number of the crystallites increased.

Gradually increasing number of researches begin to focus on preparing multi-component ceramic coating such as Ti(C, N), (Ti, Al)N, (Ti, Cr)N and (Ti, Zr)N to improve the oxidation performance[11-13].The experiment developed a novel multi-components ceramic coating (Ti, Al)C on the surface of carbon steel using EDC by adding aluminum element with better high temperature oxidation resistance to the titanium electrode which was made through a special sintering process, and meanwhile, the structure, composition, phase of the coating were represented and high-temperature oxidation and tribological performance of the coating was primarily investigated.
Researches has proved that if the low content of aluminum in cubic structure grain do not change the crystal type, it will strength the phase.

Number of sample (t[°C], t[h]) 102N1 [wt.%] 102N2 [wt.%] 1015DSi [cm 2s-1] sample 1 (500°C, 860h) 17.3 ± 1.4 239.3 ± 1.6 1.7 ± 0.4 sample 2 (550°C, 529h) 18.9 ± 1.4 237.3 ± 1.5 4.4 ± 1.6 sample 3 (600°C, 383h) 19.2 ± 2.9 249.7 ± 3.2 10.0 ± 6.0 sample 4 (650°C, 80h) 19.6 ± 1.4 242.2 ± 1.6 98.0 ± 21.0 sample 5 (700°C, 49h) 19.2 ± 1.3 236.4 ± 1.4 480.0 ± 69.0 sample 6 (700°C, 40h) 20.1 ± 1.2 238.5 ± 1.4 580.0 ± 79.0 sample 7 (750°C, 7h) 21.6 ± 1.4 242.6 ± 1.6 1500.0 ± 300.0 sample 8 (800°C, 30h) 22.1 ± 1.3 253.4 ± 1.5 45.0 ± 34.0 sample 9 (850°C, 16h) 20.3 ± 2.1 227.8± 2.3 1200.0 ± 310.0 sample 10 (900°C, 8h) 19.3 ± 1.2 240.7 ± 1.4 2200.0 ± 300.0 sample 11 (950°C, 4h) 19.4 ± 0.9 235.7 ± 1.0 6600.0 ± 700.0 sample 12 (1000°C, 2h) 18.0 ± 1.0 236.6 ± 1.2 18000.0 ± 1900.0 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 -100 -80 -60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 x [µµµµm] NSi [wt.%] all measured concentration calculated concentration - all dates calculated concentration
There can occur various rates of diffusion in the mass of crystal and along grain boundaries [13], forming of inter-metallic compounds [14, 15], segregation in poly-component system, influencing of diffusion by phase transformations, by changing activities of diffusing components and by other situation of thermo-dynamic disequilibrium.

There are a great number of publications on research of recycling of demolished concrete, of which most are in regard to recycled aggregate (RA) made from demolished concrete [1-6].
It is commonly believed that RA has high porosity, low apparent density, and high water adsorption, as the normally used mechanical process of RA from blocks of demolished concrete into relatively small grains, may cause RA suffer internal damage such as micro-cracks [1-3] and RAC have relatively low strength [7].

Segregation is a mass transport process whereby ionic defects within the bulk of a material migrate towards interfaces, such as grain boundaries or free surfaces under the driving force of lattice or strain energy minimisation [7].
From the literature, there are a number of reports of solute segregation in TiO2, and the impact of various annealing variables such as temperature and oxygen activity have been studied [[] L.R.

Table2 Physical property of replaced backfilling clay sample number BC-1 BC-2 BC-3 particle component (mm) sand grain 3.1 3.8 22.5 silt 63.7 60.7 50.3 cosmid 33.2 35.5 27.2 colloidal 19.4 20.3 14.6 Gs 2.7 2.7 2.7 WL17(%) 38.6 38.7 37.6 Wp(%) 17.4 19.2 17.1 IP17 21.2 19.4 20.5 δef(%) 49.0 40.0 40.0 Fig.1 typical compaction curve of replaced backfilling soil Compaction test standard.

A free electron model is used such as Ez = ℏ2kz2/2m*, where kz is the wave number normal to the barrier.
Tunneling currents are largely dependent on barrier height and electric field that are easily affected by the local field enhancement in the energy band diagram caused by some extrinsic factors such as defects, charges, grain boundaries of metal and so on.