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Hard magnetic materials and soft magnetic materials which are distinguished by the material and the relative position to the DMC compose the ferromagnetic materials.
Hard magnetic materials are always the electric equipments or ferromagnetic materials with high coercivity, whose strength and relative position to the DMC are invariable.
Soft magnetic materials have low coercivity, and their strength and relative position to the DMC are variable.
The research on ferromagnetic materials indicates that hard magnetic materials make the centre of the circle move a constant value from the origin; soft magnetic materials change the circle to an ellipse whose axis has an included angle to the circle’s, and this included angle is related to the strength of soft magnetic materials.
After analysis, the interference caused by hard magnetic materials has a sine relationship with: The interference caused by soft magnetic materials has a sine relationship withand a constant error: So compass error is known as .

The result revealed that Ti3Al based alloy prepared by powder metallurgy can replace nickel based alloy to be a candidate materials for high temperature structures.
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Banerjee, The effect of heat treatment and niobium content on the room temperature tensile properties and microstructure of Ti3Al-Nb alloys, Materials Science and Engineering A. 159(1992) 73 -86.

Introduction As a result of the high strength of fine grained materials and also the interest in work hardening mechanisms associated with fine grain sizes, development in severe plastic deformation (SPD) methods for fabricating sub-micron and nano-scale grained materials have attracted the growing interest of specialists in materials science [1].
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Ruano: Scripta Materialia, Vol.51 (2004), p. 1093 [8] N Kamikawa, N Tsuji, Y Minamino: Science and Technology of Advanced Materials, Vol.5 (2004), p. 163 [9] M Richert, H.P Stüwe; M.J Zehetbauer, J Richert, R Pippan, C Motz, E Schafler: Materials Science and Engineering:A Vol.355 (2003), p. 180 [10] H S Chu, K S Liu, J W Yeh: Materials Science and Engineering: A, Vol.277 (2000),p. 25 [11] Lin H K, Huang J C: MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS, Vol.43 (2002), p. 2424 [12] Y M Hwang, M T Yang: Key Engineering Materials, Vol.233 (2002), p. 311 [13] R.
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Computational Materials Science.
Computational Materials Science.
Journal of Materials Science & Technology.
Materials Science and Engineering.
Materials Science & Engineering A322 (2002): 64-72

It was assumed at the entrance of the channel, the fluid temperature was kept at T0 (T0=300 K).The materials of the pipes and the porous skeleton are copper.
International Journal of Thermal Sciences, 2007, 46: 1242–1250
International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow, 2004, 25:1015–1033
International Journal of Thermal Sciences , 2010, 49:950-962
International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer， 2003，46: 771–80

New Glass-Ceramic Materials for Ceramic Industry G.
Glass ceramic pigments An innovative application of glass ceramic materials is the "in-situ" synthesis of pigments.
Strnad, Volume and surface crystallization during formation of glass ceramic materials, Glass Ceramics Materials, ed.
[3] G.Baldi, E.Generali, C.Leonelli,T.Manfredini, G.C.Pellacani, C.Siligardi, Journal of Material Science, 30 (1995), p.3251
Strnad, Glass Ceramic Materials, ed.

The results of POM showed that CHS was a kind of crystalline material with liquid crystal property of cholesterol.
DSC also showed that CS-CH was a kind of thermoplastic biological material.
Experimental Section Materials Chitosan (Mw=10000, degree of deacetylation: 85%) was purchased from Jinan haidebei Marine Bioengineering Co., Ltd.
Liu, Preparation and characteristics of self-aggregated cholesterol modified chitosan nanoparticles, Journal of Functional Materials 41 (2010) 1776-1779
Shan, et al., Chitosan based self-assembled nanomicelles as a novel carrier for paclitaxel, Chemical Journal of Chinese Universities 29 (2008) 1065-1069.

This task is carried out in two directions –the improvement of existing structural materials [1,2] by their alloying, optimizing the structure, creating complex compositions and the formation of functional protective coatings on the surface of materials [3,4].
Desai, Materials for high-temperature protection, J.
Culha, Microstructural, Thermal and Mechanical Properties of HVOF Sprayed Ni–Al-based Bond Coatings on Stainless Steel Substrate, Journal of Materials Processing Technology. 204 (2008) 221–230
Krohalev, Investigation of the Phase Composition of the Diffusion Zone in the Al-Ni-Cr Composite Material, Applied Mechanics and Materials. 698 (2015) 430-433
Gurevich, The effect of high-temperature heat treatment on the transformation of the structure of hybrid coatings Ni/Ni2Al3, Problems of Materials Science.

Cladding of a hard material onto relatively softer materials for enhancing its wear resistance is a common industrial practice.
Materials and experimental The clad layers were made by Plasma Transformed Arc method with using EUTRONIC GAP 200 by CASTOLIN equipment.
Elsevier applied science; London 1988
Santos, Pulsed current plasma transferred arc hardfacing, Journal of Materials Processing Technology 171 (2006) 167–174 [7] A.S.C d`Oliveira., R Vilar, C.G.
Papadimitriou, Failure analysis of stellite dies for brass extrusion: The effect of aging; Journal of Materials Processing Technology 182 (2007) 608–614 [11] S.

Kinematic hardening criterion is used after the yield of material.
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