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Many reasons would arouse the stress reduction in the strands, such as anchorage take-up, elastic shortening, shrinkage of concrete, creep of concrete, frictional loss and relaxation of steel, etc.
To simplify the calculating, the average measured data are applied to the top plate and bottom plate.

With the activation energy data obtained for each firing temperature, Eq. (5) could be used (the ratio bx/by was considered unity) to derive the equations describing how moisture expansion of each fired sample evolves with time at average ambient conditions (20ºC and 70% RH).
As the firing temperature increases, the first effect of the developing liquid phase will be wetting of the particles and reduction of the specific surface area.

During the engagement, high engagement speed is required with the aim of reduction of shift time and speed changing is not necessary in this case.
These strategies are both complicated and needing lots of experimental data.

Results and Discussions The mechanism of focusing is different in straight and curved channels, but the comparison on focusing quality could be achieved by using normalized data.
There is also a tendency on reduction of focusing quality by Rep.

Clair County) (Lines for tensile and diamonds for compressive) behavior of concrete in the field condition for critical stages of its life starting from hydration; 2) To provide measurement data for the calibration of FEM modeling, so that the numerical analysis method can be reliably used to understand the behaviors of a larger number of skew concrete decks.
On the other hand, it should be noted that truck wheel load may form a fatigue loading that can gradually make cracking much more visible with time; (2) Recommended future research work: a) Reduction or relaxation of constraints by changing the composite deck configuration to a non-composite or less composite one.

The response reduction factor, R, 7.7 has been considered to all frames [9].
SMIP02 Seminar on Utilization of Strong-Motion Data, Los Angeles; pp. 61-82, (2002)

On the other hand, fluorine in the form of fluorides such as AlF3, as a surface coating material, has successfully improved the electrochemical performance of the cathode material, which could be attributed to the reduction of the structural change of active material from HF attack by a thin AlF3 coating layer preventing the highly delithiated cathode from being directly contacted with liquid electrolyte [8-10].
The electrochemical data were collected using a LAND CT2001A test system within the potential range 2.75–4.5 or 2.75–4.7 V (vs.

Fig.1 Structural parameters chart of four-layers pavement structure model The Finite Element Model of the Pavement Model size used the 6m × 3m × 3m (x, y, z), x-axis for the vertical path, y-axis for the transverse path, using 8-node Hexagon quadratic reduction integral element to mesh model.
Fig.3 Impact of anisotropy to road surface deflection on load center under different vehicle speed Fig.4 Impact of anisotropy to tensile stress of the base bottom on load center under different vehicle speed Conclusion according to the influence graph drawing from calculated data： (1) Fig.3 and Fig.4 respectively describe the relationship between subgrade anisotropy degree and surface deflection or tensile stress of the base bottom on load center

The results above show that twin spot laser welding has clear effects on keyhole stability and reduction of technologic porosity.
Aluminum standards and data 1976[S].

No thickness reduction can be observed in the as welded sample.
This is in agreement with the temperature measurement data obtained by thermocouple (Fig. 3).