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Research shows that TIPA improves the 28d strength of Portland limestone cement; TIPA have stimulative effect on C4AF and AFT .it also can promote the gel structure of the hydration products compactly.
The relationship between the initial structure and mechanical properties of TEA and cement was studied by Ma Baoguo et al. [19] .It was found that critical amount of TEA was 0.02% and 0.15% respectively.
Effect of Organic Grinding Aids on Cement Properties and the Analysis via Organic Cement Chemistry, J.

For example, Ming and Qing Dynasty furniture have ideal condition, nice materials, rational structure and craft, and many other characteristics.
Due to its reasonable functionality, ingenious structure, durably usability, straw is still widely used now.
However, we should realize distinctly that, as a designer, we must acquaint ourselves with the functional effect and attainment from the product design and manufacture process to the using, we should understand the various materials' features in many aspects such as physics, chemistry, machining and so on, we should utilize rationally these materials to product design process, and we should make it optimization to exert comprehensive characters.

Introduction Because hydroxyapatite (HA) has an inorganic structure similar to bone, it has unique advantages for bone reconstruction; however, sintered HA alone is too weak to be used for bone repair devices.
Results Structure of HA films X-ray diffractograms of the targets and coatings are shown in Figs. 1 and 2.
Taken together the current data suggest that surface chemistry modification of Ti with NA films may prove beneficial in the design of new implant materials.

The study result of Li Guoqing et.al. shows that adding cashew nut shell friction powder in semi-metallic friction materials can gather the friction objects on the surface of the materials with stable friction factor, so as to reach the effect of reducing abrasion and noises[12,13,14]. potassium hexatitanate whisker atomic arrangement is higher orderly with structured interface, and its physicochemical properties are stable such as the corrosion resistance, abrasion resistance, strong lubricity and low hardness [15,16].
Perepelkin, High-strength, high-modulus fibres made from linear polymers: principles of fabrication, structure, properties, and use.
Fibre Chemistry, USA, 2010,pp:129-142

Controlled diffusion solidification (CDS) relies on mixing two precursor liquid alloys of precisely controlled chemistry and temperature in order to produce a predetermined alloy composition.
Therefore, the needle-like eutectic silicon structure will lead to rapid reduction in the load-bearing area as some eutectic silicon phases crack and the cracks can propagate rapidly through the structure [18].

Mechanical method is a mechanical activation on the surface of particles and changes the crystal structure of physicochemical properties on the surface of particles.
This kind of dispersants forms embracing structure on the Surface of nano-particles and produces certain steric hindrance effect.
Gu: Materials Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 91 (2005) No.2/3, p.317

FUTURE FIBRES IN 21ST AND 22ND CENTURY Future fibres in 21st and 22nd century are: spider fibres, nanocellulosic fibres, carbon hollow nanotubes, and “Buckypapers” for novel aeronautical multifunctional composite structures as well as hollow fibres on base of polylactic acid, fibroin, flexible basalt fibres etc. [15,16] Efforts are undertaken also to obtain the biosilk.
Mankowski, Cellulosic Bast Fibers, Their Structure and Properties Suitable for Composites Applications, in: S.
Green Chemistry and Technology, Chapter 4, Springer –Verlag, Berlin (2011), pp. 97-119

Titanium Boride in High Nb Containing TiAl Alloy: Morphology and Effect on Mechanical Properties Xiangjun XU 1,a, Junpin LIN 2 and Yanli WANG 2 1 Materials and Chemistry School, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450007, China 2 State Key Laboratory for Advanced Metals and Materials, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China a drxxj@126.com Keywords: TiAl; titanium boride; morphology; mechanical properties Abstract.
Results The as-cast material exhibits mainly a near lamellar (NL) structure with a colony size of about 70μm.
Borides, TiB with B27 structure (verified by Chen [11]), exhibiting white contrast are primarily situated in the interdendritic region (Fig.1a).

Effect of Yb2SiO5 Ceramic Layer Thickness on the Thermal Cycling Life of Yb2SiO5/LaMgAl11O19 Coating Deposited on C/SiC Composites Ying Wang1, 2, Binglin Zou1, a, Xizhi Fan1, 2 and Xueqiang Cao1, b 1State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resources Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, Jilin, China 2Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China a zoubinglin@ciac.jl.cn, b xcao@ciac.jl.cn Keywords: C/SiC composites; Coating thickness; thermal cycling; Failure mechanism Abstract: C/SiC composites were plasma sprayed with Yb2SiO5/LaMgAl11O19 (LMA) coatings with varying Yb2SiO5 layer thickness.
The deposits in the fully melted region exhibit the amorphous structure due to the rapid cooling of the droplets in APS deposition (>106 K/S).
The recrystallization of the amorphous phase led to the formation of platelet-like grains and thus the porous structure [see the insert in Fig. 3(a)].

Tailoring Microstructures of Sialon Ceramics by Manipulating the Kinetics Zhijian Shen, Mats Nygren Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, S-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden Keywords: Si3N4, sialon, microstructure, kinetics, processing Abstract.
In Sialon systems doped with Sr 2+- and Eu 2+-ions we observed that the S-phase, Me2AlxSi12-xN16-xO2+x, was formed and a Me-containing phase having the sialon polytypoid structure, MeSi10-xAl18+xN32-xOx [2, 3,4].
Thus we have used this technique to prepare the N-phase, Ce3Si8-xAlxN11-xO4+x, and refined its crystal structure.