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It is rarely used in practice due to difficult and labor intensive application, and lack of reliable data on its effect on seismic resistance.
Use of reinforcement also prevents reduction of displacement capacity, which occurs if no reinforcement is used.
It is hypothesized that the reduction in displacement capacity of unreinforced repointed walls is due to use of stiffer and stronger mortar for repointing, which changes the crack pattern from one that runs predominantly through joints on a wider area to one that runs mostly through the units on a narrower area (see Figure 4).

Details of Specimens under Study In this study, data of RC dapped-end beams tested by Wang et al. [6] were used to predict the failure loads according to different codes.
To determine the strength of tie members, [11-13] has the different values of strength reduction factor (φ) for steel reinforcement namely: 0.75; 0.87; 0.95, respectively.
As = [Vu* (a/d) +Nu* (h/d)]/ (φ*fy) (1) Where Vu = P; φ = strength reduction factor = 0.75; and assumed that Nu = 0 2.

Table 3 Experiment results for CRF Backfill type rock/tailings Water/cement ratio Sample diameter [mm] Marbles Diorites Specific gravity [g/cm3] Compressive strength [MPa] Specific gravity [g/cm3] Compressive strength [MPa] 85/15 1.30 152 2 552 2.502 2 474 2.235 80/20 1.61 152 2 505 2.017 2 443 1.460 70/30 2.22 152 2 485 1.174 2 399 0.934 60/40 2.83 152 2 400 1.058 2 352 0.827 50/50 3.44 152 2 344 0.744 2 314 0.708 30/70 4.65 152 2 240 0.463 2 233 0.441 0/100 6.48 152 2 132 0.255 2 143 0.255 Table 3 shows that under the conditions of cement content of 6% and a slurry concentration of 72% in the cemented waste rock filling body, the specific gravity of the filling body decreased gradually with a reduction in the waste rock content, and the specific gravity of the cemented marble rock filling body was a little larger than that of the diorite rock filling body.
From the data in the table, a diagram comparing the strength of the cemented waste rocky fill and the corresponding strength of the cemented tailings filling body is presented in Fig. 4.
From the strength curve of the cemented waste rocky fill body under the condition of an invariable tailings to cement ratio, it is seen that the strength of the cemented waste rocky fill body decreased as the waste rock content increased owing to the reduction in the cement content of the filling body.

The selectivity of СН3ОН oxidation reaction raises symbatically to the heat of activation of the oxides superficial reduction by hydrogen.
The composition of products is identical both at the СН3ОН catalytic oxidation and at the reduction of the СН3ОН oxides surface.
= 13%, catalyst specific surface area – 12,6 m2/g, methanol content in admixture – 6,0%, oxygen content – 9,0 %, T = 540K, Mo/Fe = 2,0 Gas stream rate, ml/mines Methanol conversion degree, % Formaldehyde output, % Methanol oxidation to formaldehyde selectivity, % 210,0 92,3 91,9 99,6 250,0 96,4 96,2 99,8 340,0 99,3 99,3 100,0 450,0 97,5 97,4 99,9 550,0 93,2 93,1 99,9 600,0 87,3 87,3 100,0 From the given data it is visible that silicate catalyst key parameters rise in the interval of CH3OH–O2–N2 gas stream rate from 210 to 340 ml/min.

For the 20°C/min cooled sample, the elongation shows a significant loss of ductility while the reduction of area value decreases a little bit.
Table 3 : Tensile test data for untreated (water-quenched), cooled at 200°C/min and cooled at 20°C/min samples of 316 Nb steels.
Treatment Tensile Strength [MPa] 0.2% Yield Strength [MPa] Elongation [%] Reduction of area [%] 200°C/min 603 359 45.5 49.6 water-quenched 587 345 47.3 47.5 20°C/min 574 343 27.7 40.5 Discussion The present transformation curves on TTT diagram are centred on the range 800-900°C.

According to Schmitt [15] and Yuan and Pehkonen [16], following reactions are responsible for corrosion in the media without Cl- (Baar’s media in the present case) Oxidation: Fe +HS- à FeS(1+x) + 1.14H+ +2.28e- (at anodic site) Reduction: FeS(1+x) + H2O + 2e- à FeSx + HS- + OH- (at cathodic site) Table 2 : Maximum pit depth (µm) of stainless steels in immersion test Metal Exposure time (days) Maximum pit depth (µm) Control Inoculated Baar’s media NaCl sol.
Sea water   7 ND ND 16 ND 28 32   21 ND 22 28 45 50 55 304L 35 35 40 46 72 78 88   50 40 48 55 95 112 128   90 69 75 85 112 125 146 316L 7 ND ND 11 ND 22 30 21 ND 16 22 35 48 51 35 20 36 42 69 78 87 50 35 40 50 80 87 102 90 48 55 72 86 99 112   7 ND ND ND ND 16 22 21 ND ND 19 ND 21 28 2205 35 ND 19 25 15 27 39   50 10 25 32 32 59 71   90 22 32 44 40 68 83 Whereas in media with Cl- (NaCl solution and sea water), the reactions are: Oxidation: Fe +HS- à FeS(1+x) + 1.14H+ +2.28e- Fe + 2Cl- + H2O à Fe(OH)+ + Cl- + HCl + 2e- (at anodic site) Fe(OH)+ + H2O à Fe(OH)2 + H+ Reduction: FeS(1+x) + 2e- + 2Na+ + H2O à FeSx + Na+ + SH- + NaOH (at cathodic site) Thus anode in Cl- containg sulfide media will be more acidic than that without chloride.
EDS data show highest amount of C, P and S in pits formed on metal exposed to sea water followed by NaCl solution and Baar’s media.

Introduction Cool roof are one of the most successful mitigation strategies for the reduction of the Urban Heat Island effect.
It can be achieved through thermal insulation in summer and reduction of the solar gain through transparent and opaque element in summer.
Table 3 - Reflectance data of non pigmented glazed samples according to ASTM E903 using AM1GH irradiance spectrum AM1GH Matt 02 Recycled glass 02 Transparent 02 White 02 Matt 04 Recycled glass 04 Transparent 04 White 04 No pigment 0.853 0.843 0.840 0.869 0.845 0.832 0.840 0.863 On Figure 2 the solar reflectance colored glazes with a 200 µm thickness is reported.

According to the statistical data of 2008, about 2.01 billion ton (wet weight) of livestock and poultry manure was produced in China every year, of which 1.12 billion ton came from large scale farm.
Based on this background, anaerobic fermentation technology is considered as a promising engineered treatment way for accomplishing the dual goal of waste reduction and renewable energy production[3,4].
More importantly, the effluent (with an average effluent BOD5 of about 588 mg/L) was difficult to meet the discharge standard even though it enabled the reduction of the land base required for land application of swine wastewater by about 75% [8].

The suppression of step bunching in encapsulated sample can be explained in terms of a reduction of atom diffusivity on the surface and of Si evaporation during annealing.
In particular, the side effect is the reduction of the net doping concentration and the degradation of the hole mobility.
The latter result was explained in details by cross comparison of TEM and SCM data, showing the presence of a surface and a bulk defective regions in the implanted layer, which are responsible of low electrical activation and of compensation of implanted Al.

When cold rolling and annealing was followed by additional rolling, with a small reduction, and annealing treatment, a very high intensity, nicely distributed along the desired theta fibre was obtained.
The reduction was larger than 40% in the first five passes.
For each ODF data point, the angle is determined which is the minimum angle of the three angles α1, α2 and α3 between one of the <100> directions of easy magnetization of the crystal in the polycrystalline material and the direction of the macroscopic magnetization vector M in the material.