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Chemistry also plays an important role during microstructural evolution, via effects such as solute drag, zener pinning, and modifications of the activation energy.
The effect of hydrogen is somewhat mysterious: on one hand it is expected to modify the core structure of the dislocation, on the other hand the rapid formation of a hydrogen cloud around a dislocation is expected to screen the dislocation stress field.

The ability to control the seed layer texture, and ultimately the texture of the electroplated copper is an important aspect of the manufacture of copper microelectronic structures.
Texture measurements on Al(Cu) and Cu films showed that the topography of the underlying ILD layer dictates the evolution of texture because the differences in ILD surface chemistry were mitigated by the presence of Ti and TaN/Ta layers. 394 Figure 2.

In advantage polymers offer some peculiar characteristics that make them still potentially interesting in this specific field: in particular the easiness of technological processing in plenty of nano/microscopical structures and final shapes, the possibility to be physically compounded with other molecules or particles and chemically functionalized with specific groups to appear more attractive towards cells [4, 5].
Lorenzo Pio Serino (Dept. of Chemistry, University of Pisa) and Dr.

Conversely, Au-np also presents unique optical properties, great biocompatibility and versatile surface chemistry, which allows for the linkage of various biofunctional molecules, such as amphiphilic polymers, sugars, nucleic acids, and proteins, via the strong affinity of thiol ligands [2].
This means that once the UV light has triggered a change in PL structure, charge repulsion between the negative charges of UV-altered PL and the backbone phosphate of the nucleic acid facilitated DNA release.

The microalloyed steel has been widely used in engineering structures as reinforced bar, pipe-line, pressure vessel, oil extraction platform, etc.
In the previous equation, the influence of the different elements can be considered together if: σ y = σ 0 +770 (%C + 0.18 %Mn + 1.12 %V + 8.3 %N = σ 0 +770 (C.E) (21) Where, C.E is the Carbon Equivalent expression defined as: C.E = %C + 0.18 %Mn + 1.12% V + 8.3% N To find out the value of σ0, for conditions of constant process and assuming minor microstructural changes consistent with changes in chemistry, the relationship between yield strength and Carbon Equivalent has been plotted.

Fullerenes, carbon nanotubes and nanofibers, and more recently, graphene have been the object of many scientific studies related to electronics, medicine, biology, physics, chemistry and materials.
This plasma technique has proved very effective in promoting the dispersion and compatibility and as a consequence, the physical and mechanical properties of nano structured polymer composites.

The electrolyte layer exhibits a dense lamellar microstructure, and the porosity of the electrolyte is less than 3%.The anode and the cathode layers are obviously porous microscopic structure.
[9] Hong-Ki Lee: Material Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 77/3(2002), p. 639

Kalkis2,e 1Institute of Polymer Materials, Riga Technical University, Riga, Latvia 2Department of Chemistry, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia azicans@ktf.rtu.lv, bilze_elksnite@inbox.lv, cremo.merijs-meri@rtu.lv, dingars.reinholds@lu.lv, evkalkis@lu.lv (corresponding author) Keywords: Recycled polyethylene terephthalate, liquid crystalline copolyester, polycondensation, composite blends, processability Abstract.
The structure of synthesized LCC was confirmed by FTIR and XRD methods.

The chemistry method includes the chlorining method (or adding bleaching powder), the ozone method, the heavy metal ion method, or other oxidant method and so on.
The main structures include sand basin, reaction basin, sedimentation basin, filtration basin, and clean water basin.

In Table 2 one can see data on catalytic activity of samples in cyclohexene hydrogenation, which is a structure-insensitive reaction (i.e., the rate is proportional to the number of metal atoms exposed).
Regalbuto, An EXAFS study of the co-ordination chemistry of hydrogen hexachloroplatinate(IV) 1.