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The influence of the number of roughing passes on the grain size and volume fraction of induced ferrite was determined.
It was observed that a higher number of roughing pass decreases the grain size and the critical strains for dynamic transformation.
A decrease in grain size was observed when the the number of passes (or accumulated strain) is increased.
The dependence of prior-austenite grain size on the number of passes and the amount of ferrite formed and retained on the number of passes and cumulative strain (at 1100 °C).
The DRX grain size decreases with the amount of strain and/or number of roughing passes.

Introduction Grain supply chain is refers to the best cooperation relationship established by the grain processing enterprise and its suppliers, distributors.
Selection model of sales channel on grain supply chain Model hypothesis.
Grain processing enterprise’ marginal cost is , equilibrium price is .
relations transformation---- number of downstream sales enterprise, as name as would be got.
In sum, research shows that with the number of the downstream sellers continue increasing, division is the development trend, and condition of part of the integration (double channel) is the most easy to meet.

Table 1 Recrystallization temperature test results Cast number Grain size at 960ºC×1h( level) Heat treatment parameters (300 ºC /h,400 ºC) Grain size ( level) Microscopic characteristic 1 5.0 ~ 4.5 630 ºC×1h Deformation grain Reverting 6 4.5 650 ºC×1h Deformation grain Reverting 8 4.5 670 ºC×1h >10.0 Recrystallization 10 5.0 ~ 3.5 900 ºC×1h 8.0 Uniformity 11 5.0 ~ 3.5 960 ºC×1h 5.0 ~ 3.5 Nonuniformity 11 5.0 ~ super-large 1000 ºC×1h 4.5 Nonuniformity Note: Heat treatment parameters(300 ºC /h,400 ºC)mean heating samples to specified temperature in hydrogen atmosphere, after preserving 1 hour, and cooling at 300 ºC / h to 400 ºC, then discharging.
In order to reduce the test numbers, the single factor optimization method (0.618) is used to calculate temperature [4].
Single factor optimization test results Cast number Grain size at 960 ºC×1h( level) Heat treatment parameters (300 ºC /h,400 ºC) Grain size (level) Microscopic characteristic 3 5.5 ~ 4.5 655 ºC×1h ≥10.0 Recrystallization 4 5.5 ~ 4.5 937 ºC×1h 8.0 ~ 6.5 Coarse grain Confirmed by the Table 2 and Fig.3 that recrystallization temperature is about 655 ºC, the secondary recrystallization temperature is about 940 ºC.
So it is an abnormal phenomenon that grains begining grew up together in 960 ºC.
But it is not an advisable method by increasing deformation rate to refine grains.

Introduction Every year the grain losses caused by grain storage insects were about 5% of the total storage capacity all over the world.
The high inspection accuracy grain storage insects that could decrease grain loss and increase control level of grain storage insects [1,2].
The and were defined as follows: (9) Where denoted the number of the strongest robustness SIFT matching points .denoted the straight line slope of pass through the ith .denoted the mean of all the straight line slope.
The paper still could respectively the same number of SIFT matching points in the both groups images by using epipolar constraint.
Table 1 The statistics data for experiment result for really grain storage insect images Data The number of features points variance mean square deviation SIFT Extraction Epipolar Constraint The first group 41 19 126.12 11.23 The second group 28 13 16.16 4.02 The third group 192 192 0 0 The forth group 233 233 0 0 Conclusions The paper gave the grain storage insect image for automatic identification algorithm.

Grain boundary character evolution during grain growth in a Zr alloy N.
Sample annealed for 15 min at : 600 750 °C Average grain size (equiv. circle diameter) : 5.5 17.3 [µm] Step size for EBSD map acquisition : 0.5 1.5 [µm] Total area of EBSD maps : 2.57 6.23 [mm 2] Number of grains (> 4 pix. ; ≥ 5°) : 83358 20488 Table 2.
In the small grained sample (Fig. 2a), the grains with [0001] tilted towards +TD (i.e.
Grain boundary populations.
With increasing texture strength, the number of grain boundaries between gB and gB' also increases, those orientations precisely having a common <11-20> axis (parallel to RD).

Measure the equivalent circles of each grain by measuring the area of each grain, and calculate the average number value of diameter (similar to the linear intercept method).”
Table 3 Grain size distribution statistics of collocation ratio experiment of coarse and fine WC grains Code 1# 2# 3# 4# 5# 0～1µm 94 / 9.0% 71 / 6.7% 116 / 9.0% 112 / 10.0% 2400 / 66.5% 1～2µm 492 / 47.2% 558 / 52.8% 745 / 57.5% 630 / 56.3% 980 / 27.2% 2～3µm 280 / 26.8% 243 / 23.0% 265 / 20.4% 216 / 19.3% 176 / 4.9% 3～4µm 87 / 8.3% 96 / 9.1% 104 / 8.0% 73 / 6.5% 34 / 0.9% 4～5µm 48 / 4.6% 54 / 5.1% 43 / 3.3% 52 / 4.6% 11 / 0.3% 5～6µm 29 / 2.8% 15 / 1.4% 10 / 0.8% 20 / 1.8% 4 / 0.1% 6～7µm 5 / 0.5% 9 / 0.9% 6 / 0.6% 5 / 0.4% 4 / 0.1% 7～8µm 6 / 0.6% 5 / 0.5% 7 / 0.5% 2 / 0.2% -------------- 8～9µm 2 / 0.2% 3 / 0.3% -------------- 3 / 0.3% -------------- 9～10µm ------------- --------------- -------------- 3 / 0.3% -------------- Above 10µm ------------- 2 / 0.2% -------------- 3 / 0.3% -------------- Total number of WC grain 1043 1056 1296 1119 3609 ≤peak (2µm) number of WC grain >peak(2μm) number of WC grain 586 457 629 427 861 435 742 377 3380 229 ≤2μm
But in sample 4 # with additives of fine WC increasing to 30%, the ratio of total number of WC grain to fine grain begin to decrease.
It can be conjectured from the above data that during the growing up of a number of WC grains adjacent to each other by grain boundaries fusion, external boundaries fuse first, whereas liquid cobalt surrounded in the center which is too late to be exhausted to the external from the channel and has to be retained in the internal grain after boundaries fusion to form free Co aggregation point in the internal grain after cooling solidification.
It can be known from Table 3 that when the fine WC powder content reaches 30% in Sample 4, the percentage of fine WC grain drops to 66.2%, and the total amount of WC grain goes down to 1119; and it can be observed from the SEM images of Fig.7 and Fig.8 that when the proportion of fine WC grain continue to increase, the number of WC grain per unit area that undergoes grain boundary fusion increase considerably, and then the contiguity of WC grain decrease, then the stacking density of WC grain go down.

The structure of particles in the sol changes along with time from tetrahedral [TiO4] to octahedral [TiO6], with the coordination number changing from 3.14 to 5.18, accordingly.
Therefore, the structure becomes closer to an anatase, which is octahedral [TiO6] with a coordination number of 6.0.
It seems the structure of the 390-day sol very close to that of anatase powders that have the lattice structure of octahedral [TiO6], whose coordination number is 6.0.
There are nano crystalline grains in the sol, whose lattice structure and coordination number change from tetrahedral [TiO4] to octahedral [TiO6], and from 3.14 to 5.18, respectively, and finally turns into an anatase structure.
Some of the crystalline grains can be grown up to about 200 nm.

Simulation procedure and results At first the grain structure is mapped onto a two-dimensional random numbered hexagonal lattice.
Here the random numbers should assume numbers between 1 and 64.
A grain was defined as a collection of points that have the same orientation number.
In other words, two adjacent grid points having the same orientation number are considered to be a part of the same grain.
The simulation time was defined by a dimensionless number known as MCS, which was related to the number of re-orientation attempts.

The CSL theory consists in assigning a natural number, called Σ, to a given two crystal interface (i.e.
When the number of deformation steps was varied, the strain per step varied too.
Cycle number is the number of cycles subsequent to prestraining to ε=0.5 Fig. 5: Grain size and Σ3 fraction in torsion test samples.
At a strain rate of e0, the Σ3 fraction increases with the number of cycles.
Since the total amount of strain is constant, the deformation per step decreases when the number of steps increases, leading to a higher fraction of Σ3

A particle changes its own shape through interaction with neighbor particles, then, the coordination number affects particle motion.
The state of a grain f is classified according to its number of faces.
The initial sintering force increases with increasing number of grain boundaries on a particle, or, the coordination number: it is F3 for the ring ( N = 3), and F6 for the tetrahedron ( N = 4) from the geometry, where F is the force for the particle pair ( N = 2).
However, the values for various clusters are almost the same at a given sintering force, and are independent of the number of neighbor particles.
The shrinkage rate increases with increasing coordination number of a particle, because the sintering force increases with the number of necks 1−N .