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Online since: May 2012
Authors: Hai Tang Cen, Yu Hong Chen, Bao Cheng Zhang
Currently, exposed and stacked waste rate is still 30% and the harmful ingredients comprised in MSW will gradually transfer to air, water, and soil with the natural factors for a long time, which will become the ‘pollution sources’ of air ,soil and water.
For instance, the damage caused by heavy metal’s migration in soil and water may be found after a few years or even decades.
Lack of maneuverability in source reduction and no related system and measures in classification management, green consumption, special waste treatment, professional waste recycling, etc., make source reduction not be put into practice instead of shout slogans, which cause directly volume of waste to increase, dissatisfactory of treatment effect, quandary of industry development and social impact more extrusive.
Waste water and exhaust gas produced in the process of Composting have been a serious source of pollution because of undesirable treatment.
For instance, the damage caused by heavy metal’s migration in soil and water may be found after a few years or even decades.
Lack of maneuverability in source reduction and no related system and measures in classification management, green consumption, special waste treatment, professional waste recycling, etc., make source reduction not be put into practice instead of shout slogans, which cause directly volume of waste to increase, dissatisfactory of treatment effect, quandary of industry development and social impact more extrusive.
Waste water and exhaust gas produced in the process of Composting have been a serious source of pollution because of undesirable treatment.
Online since: September 2011
Authors: Lu Shuang Wei, Qun Wei, Kai Sun, Jun Hong Zhang
The Application of Structural Engineering with 3DS MaxScript
Lushuang Wei1, 2, a, Kai Sun1, b ,Junhong Zhang 1, c Qun Wei 1,2,d
1 North China University of Water Conservancy and Electric Power, Zhengzhou,450011, china,
2 Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, china,
apandayh@gmail.com, b1572637195@qq.com, czhangjunhong@ncwu.edu.cn, dqunwei_ddd@yahoo.com.cn
Keywords: MAXScript, Structure Engineering, Bridge Structure Engineering, Virtual Reality
Abstract.
Although AutoCAD has already provided with some 3D modeling and animation design ability, but to keep up with the fast growing demands in 3D structural design, produce photo-realistic 3D environments, engineers need a more sophiscated real-time 3D design system, that is where 3D MAX Studio came in. 3DS Max is a professional 3D animation rendering and modeling software package used mostly by game developers, design visualization specialists, and visual effects artists.[1] MAXScript is a built-in scripting language for 3ds Max.
Project supported by Key Issues of Ministry of Water Resources of China (Grant NO. 201005), Project supported by Zhengzhou city science and technology innovation team (Grant NO. 096SYJH21081), Project supported by Zhengzhou Steel Structure and Engineering Research Center (Grant NO. 20090408), References [1] Information on http://www.autodesk.com [2] Information on http://usa.autodesk.com/adsk [3] Wei Qun, Xie Xiao-yao,Zhang Guoxin, Wang Ying, Wei Lushuang, Sun Kai: The Methods and Application of Virtual Reality and Visual Simulation of the Structure Engineering (China Archetechture & Building Press, China 2009)
[4] Wei Qun,Zhang Guo-xin,Wei Jun-yao ,Li Pu-jian,Xiong Deng-yu,Peng Xiao-chu, in: Development and Application of Three-Dimensional Visual Design Software of Arch Dam—Feasibility Study Report, North China University of Water Conservancy and Electric Power: North China University of Water Conservancy and Electric Power, Zhengzhou, China (2007).
Although AutoCAD has already provided with some 3D modeling and animation design ability, but to keep up with the fast growing demands in 3D structural design, produce photo-realistic 3D environments, engineers need a more sophiscated real-time 3D design system, that is where 3D MAX Studio came in. 3DS Max is a professional 3D animation rendering and modeling software package used mostly by game developers, design visualization specialists, and visual effects artists.[1] MAXScript is a built-in scripting language for 3ds Max.
Project supported by Key Issues of Ministry of Water Resources of China (Grant NO. 201005), Project supported by Zhengzhou city science and technology innovation team (Grant NO. 096SYJH21081), Project supported by Zhengzhou Steel Structure and Engineering Research Center (Grant NO. 20090408), References [1] Information on http://www.autodesk.com [2] Information on http://usa.autodesk.com/adsk [3] Wei Qun, Xie Xiao-yao,Zhang Guoxin, Wang Ying, Wei Lushuang, Sun Kai: The Methods and Application of Virtual Reality and Visual Simulation of the Structure Engineering (China Archetechture & Building Press, China 2009)
[4] Wei Qun,Zhang Guo-xin,Wei Jun-yao ,Li Pu-jian,Xiong Deng-yu,Peng Xiao-chu, in: Development and Application of Three-Dimensional Visual Design Software of Arch Dam—Feasibility Study Report, North China University of Water Conservancy and Electric Power: North China University of Water Conservancy and Electric Power, Zhengzhou, China (2007).
Online since: June 2020
Authors: Sujan Debnath, Mahmood Anwar, Felix Wong Wei Zie, Abdul Hamid
The raw bagasse fiber was first washed with tap water to remove unwanted impurities.
By observing the optical micrographs as revealed in Fig. 6, the fiber surface for water treatment at elevated temperature has much rougher surface than water treatment at room temperature.
Hotter water temperature can also lead to greater cleansing effect.
However, water treatment and bleaching treatment reacted in a different way.
The Journal Of The Association Of Professional Engineers Of Trinidad And Tobago 42 (1): 12-15
By observing the optical micrographs as revealed in Fig. 6, the fiber surface for water treatment at elevated temperature has much rougher surface than water treatment at room temperature.
Hotter water temperature can also lead to greater cleansing effect.
However, water treatment and bleaching treatment reacted in a different way.
The Journal Of The Association Of Professional Engineers Of Trinidad And Tobago 42 (1): 12-15
Online since: May 2011
Authors: Yan Cang Jiang
In order to reduce transport costs and reduce expenditure on road pricing Some professional transport customers always select ordinary highways which are not charge but not select expressway which are chargeable.
But this kind road has characters of soft surface, easy deformation, concentrate stress, high strength, easy extremely, easy cracking and easy damaged by water.
But this kind of road has characters of high strength surface, good rigidity, uniform stress transfer, small effect to intensity, not obvious influence by water.
Asphalt concrete surface has good flexibility, plasticity, ductility, water repellency, running a small role in an impact and little wear tyre down.
Water has a large influence on the highway, so waterproof job must be well done in the process of design, construction and operation.
But this kind road has characters of soft surface, easy deformation, concentrate stress, high strength, easy extremely, easy cracking and easy damaged by water.
But this kind of road has characters of high strength surface, good rigidity, uniform stress transfer, small effect to intensity, not obvious influence by water.
Asphalt concrete surface has good flexibility, plasticity, ductility, water repellency, running a small role in an impact and little wear tyre down.
Water has a large influence on the highway, so waterproof job must be well done in the process of design, construction and operation.
Online since: October 2014
Authors: Xiao Chu Wang, Zhen Huang, Jun Wei Wang, Wei Li
The effect of modified with rubber pretreatment was more obvious, the common modifier substantially was water, sodium hydroxide solution, latex, and the silane coupling agent solution, CCl4 and so on.
Liu Juanhong, Song Shaomin [15] crumb rubber toughened the study of cement-based composites by orthogonal analysis found that under certain conditions the amount of cement and water-cement ratio, the rubber had a strong absorbent, and the slump reduced with the increasing of the rubber content, and the water retention have improved at the same time.
While in the mass fraction of the rubber was 10% of cement, 0.6% of water reducer Sulphamate, the flexural strength improved compared with the reference concrete in the mechanical properties of rubber concrete tests [18].
Since the rubber concrete researches started, in terms of basic mechanics, rubber particle size, rubber content, methods have many theoretical results, but in many practical applications have been limited, and many of the problems had to be solved. (1) The nature of the external mixed rubber, size, quality, lack of uniform technical standards. (2) The lack of technical specifications about the process guidance about Rubber concrete. (3) Modifying agent, the dose was still in the exploratory stage, and the reliability for a wide range of applications should to be tested. (4) The impact of the different effects of cementitious materials and additives for rubber concrete performance have not formed a unified theory, and the impact factor was discrete, so the further study was necessary. (5) Lack of professional organizations or associations to promote the exchange of rubber concrete finishing and theoretical results.
Liu Juanhong, Song Shaomin [15] crumb rubber toughened the study of cement-based composites by orthogonal analysis found that under certain conditions the amount of cement and water-cement ratio, the rubber had a strong absorbent, and the slump reduced with the increasing of the rubber content, and the water retention have improved at the same time.
While in the mass fraction of the rubber was 10% of cement, 0.6% of water reducer Sulphamate, the flexural strength improved compared with the reference concrete in the mechanical properties of rubber concrete tests [18].
Since the rubber concrete researches started, in terms of basic mechanics, rubber particle size, rubber content, methods have many theoretical results, but in many practical applications have been limited, and many of the problems had to be solved. (1) The nature of the external mixed rubber, size, quality, lack of uniform technical standards. (2) The lack of technical specifications about the process guidance about Rubber concrete. (3) Modifying agent, the dose was still in the exploratory stage, and the reliability for a wide range of applications should to be tested. (4) The impact of the different effects of cementitious materials and additives for rubber concrete performance have not formed a unified theory, and the impact factor was discrete, so the further study was necessary. (5) Lack of professional organizations or associations to promote the exchange of rubber concrete finishing and theoretical results.
Online since: August 2013
Authors: Jin Li, Chen Ma, Li Hong Liu, Mei Rong Guo
With objects networking sensors, 3G and other handheld traceable terminal equipment, collecting the initial critical data covered the agricultural industry chain from agricultural leading enterprises and professional agricultural cooperatives, to establish the standardized electronic files database of agricultural products.
2.
Agricultural products quality and safety risk control, can use the agricultural product quality safety accident rate and consumer trust in the quality of agricultural products to determine; the ability of agricultural information promotion can using agricultural IT results conversion rate, full facilities and equipment of the agricultural industry chain and the level of farmers' sense of information to measure; resources and environmental protection, including water and land resource conservation and protection.
The Integrated Mode of Vegetable Quality and Safety Supervision Automatic Control Technology and Facilities and Equipments The Process of Industrial Chain Chain of Supervision Regulation of Key Points Automatic Control Technology Facilities and Equipments Producing area conditions and species monitoring Producing area conditions Air 3S technology; Remote sensing monitoring techniques; Spectral analysis technology; Network technology Automatic monitoring system for the outdoor weather; Spectrometer; Automatic detection system of water pollution; Portable electric soil sampling system; Soil sample bar code management system; Portable X fluorescent, Light soil heavy metal gauge; Atmospheric pollution even; Continued automatic detection system Soil Surface water Species, breeding materials Breeding and screening Data analysis techniques; Information collection technology; Automation technology Automatically test the types of equipment; Germplasm Resources Information Management software
Production process management Inputs detection Seeds Rapid non-destructive testing technology; Multi-sensor information fusion detection technology; RFID Spectrum analyzer; Agricultural resources precise management system based on the IC card Pesticide Fertilizer Agricultural film Process Management Environmental Control Greenhouse environment monitoring technology; Information collection technology; Information management and decision-making Greenhouse environment and irrigation automatic control system; Farmland environmental information for wireless sensor network monitoring system; Rotary tiller variable fertilizer machine; Carrying portable electric drip sprayers(Facility); Mobile greenhouse fertilizing(Facility); Variable pesticide spraying machine Fertilizer Pesticide Irrigation water Process Raw materials acceptance Certificate of raw materials origin Barcode technology; RFID Technology; Anti-counterfeiting technology; Biosensor method; Near infrared spectroscopy Barcode scanner
Agricultural products quality and safety risk control, can use the agricultural product quality safety accident rate and consumer trust in the quality of agricultural products to determine; the ability of agricultural information promotion can using agricultural IT results conversion rate, full facilities and equipment of the agricultural industry chain and the level of farmers' sense of information to measure; resources and environmental protection, including water and land resource conservation and protection.
The Integrated Mode of Vegetable Quality and Safety Supervision Automatic Control Technology and Facilities and Equipments The Process of Industrial Chain Chain of Supervision Regulation of Key Points Automatic Control Technology Facilities and Equipments Producing area conditions and species monitoring Producing area conditions Air 3S technology; Remote sensing monitoring techniques; Spectral analysis technology; Network technology Automatic monitoring system for the outdoor weather; Spectrometer; Automatic detection system of water pollution; Portable electric soil sampling system; Soil sample bar code management system; Portable X fluorescent, Light soil heavy metal gauge; Atmospheric pollution even; Continued automatic detection system Soil Surface water Species, breeding materials Breeding and screening Data analysis techniques; Information collection technology; Automation technology Automatically test the types of equipment; Germplasm Resources Information Management software
Production process management Inputs detection Seeds Rapid non-destructive testing technology; Multi-sensor information fusion detection technology; RFID Spectrum analyzer; Agricultural resources precise management system based on the IC card Pesticide Fertilizer Agricultural film Process Management Environmental Control Greenhouse environment monitoring technology; Information collection technology; Information management and decision-making Greenhouse environment and irrigation automatic control system; Farmland environmental information for wireless sensor network monitoring system; Rotary tiller variable fertilizer machine; Carrying portable electric drip sprayers(Facility); Mobile greenhouse fertilizing(Facility); Variable pesticide spraying machine Fertilizer Pesticide Irrigation water Process Raw materials acceptance Certificate of raw materials origin Barcode technology; RFID Technology; Anti-counterfeiting technology; Biosensor method; Near infrared spectroscopy Barcode scanner
Online since: June 2018
Authors: Dalibor Kocáb, Petr Daněk, Romana Halamová, Barbara Kucharczyková, Petr Misák
Introduction
In recent years, professional and scientific institutions have become increasingly interested in concrete properties that are closely related to durability, environmental aspects or long-term sustainability [1,2].
The pastes were produced with the water-cement ratios of 0.33, 0.40 and 0.50, and the mortars with the water-cement ratios of 0.40 and 0.50.
Measurement Results The left side of Fig. 4 presents the development of the recorded time of the ultrasonic wave T using the Vikasonic instrument in the mortar with the water-cement ratio of 0.40.
Moravcová, Experimental determination of the influence of fresh concrete composition on its resistance to water and de-icing chemicals by means of two methods, Mater.
The pastes were produced with the water-cement ratios of 0.33, 0.40 and 0.50, and the mortars with the water-cement ratios of 0.40 and 0.50.
Measurement Results The left side of Fig. 4 presents the development of the recorded time of the ultrasonic wave T using the Vikasonic instrument in the mortar with the water-cement ratio of 0.40.
Moravcová, Experimental determination of the influence of fresh concrete composition on its resistance to water and de-icing chemicals by means of two methods, Mater.
Online since: July 2014
Authors: Ya Ran Guo, Jie Dong, Lu Zhen Jiang
Especially on the particular planning for greening and the location and size of water requirement.
Characteristics: Sense of loss due to professional transformation, feeling ignored, neglected.
Certain area of green and water space will help to improve air microcirculation. (2) Acoustic environment.
In the material, characteristics of uniform surface, non-slip, non-reflective, good water permeability, flatness and flexible nature is necessary.
And for pedestrian, wood and water absorbing bricks is optimal, and tile and pebble must ensure a laying gap of width less than 15mm, height less than 2mm. 4) Service facilities.
Characteristics: Sense of loss due to professional transformation, feeling ignored, neglected.
Certain area of green and water space will help to improve air microcirculation. (2) Acoustic environment.
In the material, characteristics of uniform surface, non-slip, non-reflective, good water permeability, flatness and flexible nature is necessary.
And for pedestrian, wood and water absorbing bricks is optimal, and tile and pebble must ensure a laying gap of width less than 15mm, height less than 2mm. 4) Service facilities.
Equilibrium Modeling in Updraft Gasifier for Refinery Sludge Gasification Using ASPEN PLUS Simulator
Online since: September 2013
Authors: Mohan Sinnathambi Chandra, Reem Ahmed
Literature reviews
Petroleum refineries generate relatively large amounts of sludge waste from oil/water/solids separation, tank bottoms, waste water, and so on.
However, without volume reduction and appropriate treatment before disposal, refinery sludge will reduce the service-life of landfill sites and may result in an odor problem and create the risk of contamination, particularly on ground water, thus causing adverse health effects.
Table 1: The characteristic properties of refinery sludge Item Property Oily sludge heating value analysis The average caloric value of wet sludge 4000 kJ/kg The average caloric value of dry sludge 26733kJ/kg Proximate analysis Weight% (Wet basis of Refinery sludge) Proximate analysis Weight% (Dry basis of Refinery sludge) Moisture (water content) 77.4 % 9.95 % Volatile materials (combustible) 17.8% 62.91 % Ash content 4.8% 14.04 % Fixed carbon Below detection limits 13.1 % Ultimate analysis of oily sludge Dry basis Wet basis C 55.8% 13.5% H 7.3% 5.2% O 28.5% 93.7% N 5.7% 1.2% S 2.7% 0.8% The Equilibrium Model Advanced system for process engineering (ASPEN) PLUS simulator program gives a near complete integrated solution to chemical processes and reactors.
Gasaification 2nd Edn, Gulf Professional Publishing, Barlington, MA, 2008.
However, without volume reduction and appropriate treatment before disposal, refinery sludge will reduce the service-life of landfill sites and may result in an odor problem and create the risk of contamination, particularly on ground water, thus causing adverse health effects.
Table 1: The characteristic properties of refinery sludge Item Property Oily sludge heating value analysis The average caloric value of wet sludge 4000 kJ/kg The average caloric value of dry sludge 26733kJ/kg Proximate analysis Weight% (Wet basis of Refinery sludge) Proximate analysis Weight% (Dry basis of Refinery sludge) Moisture (water content) 77.4 % 9.95 % Volatile materials (combustible) 17.8% 62.91 % Ash content 4.8% 14.04 % Fixed carbon Below detection limits 13.1 % Ultimate analysis of oily sludge Dry basis Wet basis C 55.8% 13.5% H 7.3% 5.2% O 28.5% 93.7% N 5.7% 1.2% S 2.7% 0.8% The Equilibrium Model Advanced system for process engineering (ASPEN) PLUS simulator program gives a near complete integrated solution to chemical processes and reactors.
Gasaification 2nd Edn, Gulf Professional Publishing, Barlington, MA, 2008.
Online since: October 2011
Authors: Qiao Lun Huang, Jing Ya Yuan, Guo Guang Wang
People enjoy daily interaction with the soil, water, wind, plants and animals.
In order to achieve this social dimension, people within the village shall grow food as much as possible within the community bio-region, support organic food production there, create home out of locally adapted materials, use village-based integrated renewable energy systems, protect biodiversity, foster ecological business principles, preserve clean soil, water and air through proper energy and waste management etc.
However, some unintended negative consequences from it are becoming more and more obvious and severe: air, water and soil pollution, huge amount of waste and trash, reduced cultural and biological diversity, wide-spread poverty, production of highly dangerous materials, the damage to the natural system’s ability of maintaining its healthy and fertile system.
The focus has been placed on how to reduce our waste release into air, water and soil, how to sand less materials to landfills while maintaining our living quality, how to improve the producing techniques so they deplete natural resources more slowly and produce fewer dangerous materials.
Acknowledgement The authors deeply appreciate the professional advices to this paper from Professor Ying Hua of Cornell University.
In order to achieve this social dimension, people within the village shall grow food as much as possible within the community bio-region, support organic food production there, create home out of locally adapted materials, use village-based integrated renewable energy systems, protect biodiversity, foster ecological business principles, preserve clean soil, water and air through proper energy and waste management etc.
However, some unintended negative consequences from it are becoming more and more obvious and severe: air, water and soil pollution, huge amount of waste and trash, reduced cultural and biological diversity, wide-spread poverty, production of highly dangerous materials, the damage to the natural system’s ability of maintaining its healthy and fertile system.
The focus has been placed on how to reduce our waste release into air, water and soil, how to sand less materials to landfills while maintaining our living quality, how to improve the producing techniques so they deplete natural resources more slowly and produce fewer dangerous materials.
Acknowledgement The authors deeply appreciate the professional advices to this paper from Professor Ying Hua of Cornell University.