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Akdoğan 2 1 Yildiz Technical University, Department of Metallurgy and Materials Science Engineering Istanbul/ TURKEY 2 Yildiz Technical University, Department of Mechanical Engineering Istanbul/ TURKEY Keywords: Ultrasonic Velocity, Castable Refractory, Refractory Concrete Abstract.
Ultrasonic measurements have also recently been used to evaluate porosity, cracks and inclusions in ceramics [9].
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Bhardwaj, Ultrasonic Characterization of Green and Sintered Ceramics: I, Time Domain, The Amer.
Phani, Ultrasonic Evaluation of Elastic Parameters of Sintered Powder Compacts, Journal of Material Science 29 (1994) 4415-4419 [14] S.K.

It is well known that the ceramic coatings are chemically inert in neutral or acidic media [13].
References [1]Guangling Song, Recent progress in corrosion and protection of magnesium alloys, Advanced engineering materials. 7(2005)564-586
Zhang, Microstructure and mechanical properties of Ti(C,N) and TiN/Ti(C,N) multilayer PVD coatings, International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials. 26 (2008) 456-460
Paris, C.Schreuders, Microstructure analysis of RF plasma synthesized TiCN nanopowders, International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials. 26 (2008) 277-285
[7]Yuling Yang, Duo Zhang, Wei Yan, Yiran Zheng, Microstructure and wear properties of TiCN/Ti coatings on titanium alloy by laser cladding, Optics and Lasers In Engineering. 48(2010)119-124

Preface We have great pleasure in presenting this special issue of the journal Key Engineering Materials which contains papers presented on the 2nd International Conference on Materials Science and Engineering: Recent Advances and Challenges (ICMSE-RAC 2019).
The conference covered different topics of interest devoted to magnetic materials, optical materials, electronic materials, ceramics, minerals processing, extractive metallurgy, biomaterials, bioprocessing, surface engineering, composite materials, metals, alloys, energy production and storage, nanomaterials, catalysis, water treatment, welding technology and finally powder technology.
Mohamed Rashad Head of Advanced Materials Division (CMRDI) Sponsors WORLD ASSOCIATION OF INDUSTRIAL & TECHNOLOGICAL RESEARCH ORGANIZATIONS World Association of Industrial and Technological Research Organizations International Advisory Board Prof.

Journal of manufacturing science and engineering, 2000, 122(4): 620-631
Journal of Aeronautical Materials, 2007, 27(6): 45-49.
Turning of hardened 100Cr6 bearing steel with ceramic and PCBN cutting tools, J.
Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 2003, 143: 237-241
International Journal of Machine Tools and Manufacture, 2003, 43(5): 543-550

Moniruzzaman Sunny 1 1 Department of Mechanical and Chemical Engineering, Islamic University of Technology (IUT), Dhaka, Bangladesh aapatwari@iut-dhaka.edu, bmahabib@iut-dhaka.edu Keywords: Ultrasound, Tool wear, Flank wear, Vibration, Chip morphology.
Sahoo, Experimental investigation on flank wear and tool life, cost analysis and mathematical model in turning hardened steel using coated carbide inserts, International Journal of Industrial Engineering Computations, 4 (2013) 571–578
Dhupal, Optimization of Cutting Parameters on Tool Wear and Work piece Surface Temperature In Turning of AISI D2 Steel, International Journal of Lean Thinking, 3 (2) (2012)
Sornakumar, The Effect of Tool Wear on Tool Life Of Alumina-Based Ceramic Cutting Tools While Machining Hardened Martensitic Stainless Steel, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 173 (2006) 151-156
Abdelkarim, Optimum Cutting Parameters in Turning Operations using HSS Cutting Tool with 450 Approach Angle, Sudan Engineering Society Journal, 53 (48) (2006) 25-30

In these engineering applications products require a high quality surface finish and close tolerances to function properly.
Tonshoff, “High Efficiency Grinding of Structural Ceramics”, International Conference on Machining of Advanced Materials, NIST Special Publication 847, Gaithersburg, MD, 455-463, 1993
Engineering Mater. and Technology, vol. 134, no. 4, art. 041011, 2012
Patten, “Force analysis, mechanical energy and laser heating evaluation of scratch tests on silicon carbide (4H-SiC) in micro-laser assisted machining (μ-LAM) process”, Proceedings of the ASME International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference, Paper# 84207 2009
[13] Blake and Scattergood, 1990, “Ductile-regime Machining of Germanium and Silicon”, American Ceramic Society, Journal of the America Ceramic Society, Vol 73, Issue 4, pp 949-957

Fig.2 The structure of the sensor design 3.2 Technology and the preparation of sensor Sensor substrate is AlN ceramic, AlN has good thermal conductivity, small thermal expansion coefficient, good thermal shock resistance.
Pt film heating electrode and temperature detector electrode were prepared by lithography lift-off process on the 0.2mm thick AlN ceramic substrate, temperature detector size is 4.25 × 1.5mm.
Journal of Scientific Instrument (4)24:318-320
[2] Guangping shen, Zhangye: Wind speed and direction sensor packaged with chip direct mounted [J], Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2009, (1) 45: 35-40
[3] F.Mayer, O.Paul H.Baltes: Influence of design geometry and packaging on the response of thermal CMOS flow sensors [J], The 8th International Conference on Solld-State Sensors and Actuators, and Eurosensors IX.

Thermally sprayed cermet coatings are widely used in many engineering applications to protect against wear and corrosion.
Pawlowski, The science and engineering of thermal spray coatings, Wiley, Chichester 1995
Berger, Application of hardmetals as thermal spray coatings, International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials 49 (2015) 350–364
Kolaska, The history of the technological progress of hardmetals, International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials 44 (2014) 148–159
Dumpala, Carbide-based thermal spray coatings: A review on performance characteristics and post-treatment, International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials 103 (2022) 105772

The abrasive grains can approach the micro tool sufficiently closely, even under ultrasonic vibration;Abrasive grains continue to oscillate between the micro tool and the auxiliary electrode and cannot be fixed around the tool tip without using ER fluid assistance;By taking advantage of the ER fluid, it is possible to fix abrasive grains around the tool tip, improving machining accuracy References [1] J.Deng,T.Lee: Ceramics International,Vol.26(2000),pp.825-830
[4] J.X.Deng, T.Lee: Journal of the European Ceramic Society,Vol.22(2002),pp.1235-1241
[8] T.Tateishi et al.: The 4th International Conference of LEM21, 2007,pp.765-770
[9] T.Kuriyagawa et al.: Journal of the International Societies for Precision Engineering and Nanotechnology,Vol.26(2002),pp.370-380
Kaku, et al : The 3rd International Conference of LEM21, 2005, 03-203: 871-876 [11] K.Linoya:Powder technology handbook, Nikkan Kogyo Shimbun, 1986,pp.311-312 [in Japanese] 0 0.005 0.01 0.015 0.02 0.025 Conventional USM Electric field only (without ERF) ERF-assisted USM Chipping area mm 2 Fig. 11 Comparing of chipping areas (a) Whole view (b) Close up view (a) Whole view (b) Close up view Fig. 9 Machined result (Electric filed only) Fig. 10 Machined result (ER fluid-assisted USM)

The book is also an issue of the international journal, Key Engineering Materials.
Ltd China State Construction Ready Mix Co., Ltd China Construction Fourth Engineering Division Corp., Ltd.
Chair of Civil Engineering, UK Prof.
Koichi Maekawa - The University of Tokyo, School of Engineering, JAPAN Prof.
Toyoaki Miyagawa - Kyoto University, Graduate School of Engineering, JAPAN Prof.