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The laws of crack initiation and propagation were also studied when a ball indenter was used to indent brittle materials [13].
Suzuki: Journal of Material Processing Technology, 121(2002), pp. 363
Finnie: Journal of Materials Science, Vol.15 (1980), pp. 2580
Swain: Journal of Materials Science, Vol. 10 (1975) No.1, pp.113
Wilshaw: Journal of Materials Science, Vol. 10 (1975) No.6, pp.1049

When a shell composed with two materials, the material parameters are defined as the Young’s modulus, Poisson ratioand the mass density, respectively.
Tab.2 Properties of functionally graded materials Properties outer materials inner materials Stainless steel Ti-6Al-4V Si3N4 Zirconia (N/m²) 0.317756 0.2981 0.24 0.3 (kg/m³) 8166 4429 2370 5700 The variations of critical pressures of FG cylindrical shells with various boundary conditions are presented in Fig.1.
International Journal of Mechanical Sciences. 44 (7), 1259-1273
European Journal of Mechanics -A /Solids. 27(6), 1075-1087
International Journal of Non-Linear Mechanics. 2002, 37(4-5): 577–588

Materials & Design Vol.28 (2007), p.31-39
Materials and Design Vol.27 (2006), p.329-337
Materials and Design Vol.31 (2010), p.1785-1789
Materials and Design vol. 32 (2011), p.851-860
Materials and Design Vol.29 (2008), p.1949-1954

The crack tip field in functionally graded piezoelectric materials (FGPMs) under mechanical and electrical loadings is studied.
Different from previous analyses, all material properties of the functionally graded piezoelectric materials are assumed to be linear function of y perpendicular to the crack.
Introduction Functionally graded piezoelectric materials (FGPMs) are composites with continuously varying properties that have significant advantages over discretely layered materials.
Chue: International Journal of Solids and Structures.
Chue: Journal of the Chinese Institute of Engineers.

Electromagnetic Shielding Effectiveness of Carbon Black -carbon Fiber Cement Based Materials Shaowen Huang a, Guanghua Chen b, Qi Luo c, Yuhua Xud School of material science and engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang , Jiangxi 330031, China ahuangsw@163.com, bchenjianhua8882002@yahoo.com.cn, cchinalodger1@163.com, dxuyuhua@ncu.edu.cn Keywords: shielding effectiveness; cement- based materials; carbon black; carbon fiber Abstract.
Carbon series materials as a shielding medium in cement based electromagnetic shielding materials have been reported in these years [3,4,5], but different conclusions were obtained.
Materials and Methods Materials.
The carbon fiber (PAN-based, 6-10μm diameter, 4-5 mm length) was from ShangHai Hongcheng Carbon Materials Corp.
Bulle Vol .31(1996),p.857 [10] Jingyao CAO,D.D.L.Chung: Cem and Con Res Vol.33 (2003),p.1739 [11] Jingyao Cao,D.D.L.Chung: Carbon Vol. 41 (2003),p.2434 [12] Yue Zhang, Rentao Zhi, Fengwu Zhu, Jimei XIAO,Runzhang Yuan and Shixi Ouyang: Chinese journal of materials research Vol .6(1992), p. 286, In Chinese

Therefore, the machining of thin-walled workpiece is often time-consuming, and increase in efficiency of machining process is constrained by the highly demands regarding quality and functionality as well as use of difficult to cut materials.
Acknowledgements This project has been supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Project number: 51005183) and the Science and Technology Innovation Fund of Northwestern Polytechnical University.
Aramendi: International Journal of Machining and Machinability of Materials Vol. 4 (2008), p. 377 [4] F.J.
Seguy: Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology (2010) [9] X.M.
Zhang: International Journal of Machine Tools and Manufacture Vol. 50 (2010), p. 502

It states the necessity of the application of composite material solidifying deformation simulation technology in airplane structure’s manufacture. 1 Introduction Composite materials are wildly used in modern large-scale civil use airliner airframe structure, for its advantages of reliable performance, high strength, and entirety modeling structure etc.
According to statistics, in airbus and Boeing related models, the used weight of composite materials occupies more than 50% of that of whole airframe structure, which means that composite materials have become the main structure materials of modern large-scale civil airliner.
But how to control the deformations during the processes of composite material structures’ manufacture is a challenging issue. 2 Solidifying Deformation Mechanism Analysis Composite material solidifying is a solidifying temperature dropping process with nonlinear inner heat source to low thermal conductivity and anisotropic materials.
The aviation science research project MAAXIMUS on composite material was proposed by European Union Seventh Framework, mainly focusing on virtual simulation platform’s construction of airplane’s manufacture processing, and proceeding the virtual simulation calculation before the manufacture of composite material structure.
Journal of Textile Research, 2010(1): 42-45

Mechanics of Materials [J], 2019, 129, pp.361-374
Computational Materials Science [J], 2014, 85, pp.102-120
International Journal of Mechanical Sciences [J], 2020, 173, pp.105422
International Journal of Mechanical Sciences [J], 2015, 101-102, pp.252-271
International Journal of Mechanical Sciences [J], 2021, p.106891

This paper aims to study ultra-light materials, which will replace the conventional materials used in the production of trailers.
The samples were welded from the same material but also from different materials.
Maier, Modeling of dynamic microstructure evolution of EN AW-6082 alloy during hot forward extrusion, Computational materials science 50 (2011) 1520–1525
El-Danaf, The influence of multi-pass friction stir processing on the microstructural and mechanical properties of aluminum alloy 6082, Journal of materials processing technology 212 (2012) 1157–1168
Ashrafizadeh, Effect of microstructure and texture on formability and mechanical properties of hot-dip galvanized steel sheets, Journal of materials processing technology 196 (2008) 205–212

Pore distribution was regular three-dimensional geometric figure when D≤3, but when D>3, pore distribution of materials have been rather complicated and irregular, three-dimensional figure of Euclidean geometry can't be used to characterize spatial distribution, we can only use D [7]. 3 Materials and test method 3.1 Materials 42.5 moderate heat Portland cement produced by Gezhouba cement mill in Guizhou, that specific surface area was 317m2/kg, chemical and mineral composition of cement clinker were shown in Table 1.
The fractal description of pore structure of porous CaO[J], Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 29(3)：82～ 84(2001); [3] Jiang Dong, Wang Jianhua, Zheng Shishu.
Study on composition、structure and properties of cement and concrete with steel-making slag powder mineral additive[D], China Building Materials Research Institute,6:111(2003); [7] Yu Lehua,Ou Hui, Duan Qingpu.
Research on pore volume fractal dimension and its relation to pore structure and strength in cement paste with perlite admixture[J], Journal of Materials Science and Engineering, (2) (2007); [8] A.Carpinteri.
Fractal nature of material microstructure and size effects on apparent mechanical properties[J], Mechanics of Materials,(18):89～101(1994).