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Strengthening of copper materials is ensured by the addition of doping elements due to thermal or mechanical treatment.
In this connection, there was a great interest in the production of ultrafine-grained materials (UFG) by methods based on intense plastic strain (IPS) [2, 3].
This group is covered by the choice the selection of new materials for dies, processing of stamps by surface engineering technologies [4].
A great contribution to the development of the elimination of the adhesion interaction between the materials of the billet and the tool was made by the following Russian and foreign scientists: I.V.
[2] R.Z.Valiev, T.G.Langdon Principles of equal-channel angular pressing as a processing tool for grain refinement // Progress in Materials Science. – 2006.

Introduction The reinforced concrete material is one of the building materials widely used contemporary.
Journal of Shijiazhuang Railway Institute. 2006(1).
Science Press, China. 2011.
Journal of Wuhan University of Technology. 2008(6).
Journal of China University of Mining & Technology. 2006(1). 

Controlling research of the Pre-bending deformation before straightening and residual stresses after straightening for 100-meter Jianguo Wang 1, a, Lin Chen 1,b , Tongqing Li 2,a, Ge Li 1,c, Haiyan Cui 1,b and Zhongliang Tian 1,b 1Inner Mongolia University of Science and Techonlogy, Inner Mongolia, Baotou, 014010 2Sinostell Equipment and Engineering CO., LTD, Beijing, 100080 awjgkyc@imust.cn, bchenlin39805@163.com, clige@imust.cn Keywords: 100-meter heavy rail, bending deformation before straightening, straightening deformation, residual stress.
Lenard: Journal of Materials Processing Technology, Vol. 25 (1991), p.303
Hu: Journal of Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Vol. 26 (2003), p.224
Basu: Journal of Strain Analysis for Engineer Design, Vol. 39(2004), p.15
Chen: Journal of Iron Steel, Vol. 41(2006), p.457.

The material of the evaporator and the condenser was red copper and aluminum, respectively.
The material of P-E tool was W18Cr4V.
Metal fibers sintered felt is a new type kind of porous metal materials, which is fabricated by the sintering of metal fiber instead of metal powder.
Vershinin: International Journal of Thermal Sciences Vol. 45 (2006) No.11, p. 1084-1090 [3] J.
Liu: Journal of Materials Processing Technology Vol. 189 (2007) No.1-3, p. 273-278

China 3 College of Science, Northeastern University, 110004, P.R.
Introduction For mechanical components, due to their material properties, environment, using time, various loads and other factors, the reliability index is generally weakened as the using time increases.
It is required that the order numbers of recurrence N ≥ 4000 and the material fatigue strength r with first two moments (µr, σr)=(686.9,35.8)MPa.
Acknowledgment We would like to express our appreciation to High-tech Research and Development Program of China (No. 2007AA04Z442), the Major Project of Chinese National Natural Science Foundation (No.50535010).
References [1] Zhang Yi-min: Reliability Design of Automobile Components (Beijing Institute of Technology Press, SAE China, Beijing 2000) [2] Zhang Y M, Liu Q L: Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part D, Journal of Automobile Engineering Vol. 216(D6) (2002), p. 455 [3] Zhang Y M, Liu Q L, Wen B C: AJAA Journal Vol. 40 (3) (2002), p. 585 [4] Zhang Yimin, Liu Qiaoling, Wen Bangchun: ACTA Mechanica Sinica Vol.35(1) (2003), p.117 (in Chinese) [5] Zhang Yimin: Journal of Mechanical Strength Vol. 25(6) (2003), p.657 (in Chinese) [6] Zhang Yimin: Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering Vol. 40(8) (2004), p.100 (in Chinese) [7] LI Tian, LIU Xila: China Civil Eng J Vol. 27(2) (1994), p. 47 (in Chinese) [8] Zhang YM, W n BC, Liu QL: Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering Vol. 165(4) (1998), p. 223 [9] Wang Guang-yuan: Journal of Harbin University of Civil Engineering and Architecture Vol. 23(2) (1999), p. 1 [10] Schaff J R, Davidson

The application of KBE on stamping process design Wang Lingyun 1,a ,Huang Honghui2, b 1,2Department of Manufacture Engineering and Technology, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, P.R.
Automatically extracting sheet-metal features from solid model, JOURNAL OF ZHEJIANG UNIVERSITY(SCIENCE),2004,5(11) [4]Zhao Zhen,Peng Yinghong.
Journal of Zhejiang University，2004，5（11）:p1456－1465 [7] Lingyun Wang, Honghui Huang.
Advanced Materials Research ,2012,402:p775-779
Application of intelligent design support system for multi-step deep drawing process, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 2002, (130-131):p76~88 [10] Y.Q.

With the dimension design as shown in Table 1, the silicon material is adopted and the model is established as shown in Fig. 2(a).
The 2D MEMS scanning mirror, the permanent magnets and the field yokes are packaged together in a compact structure with duralumin materials.
Acknowledgments The project supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 51105228).
Journal of the Society for Information Display, 2009, 17(7): 591-595
Huang, “Design and Simulation of Electromagnetic Two-dimensional MOEMS Scanning Mirror”, Key Engineering Materials, vol. 483, pp. 185-189, 2011.

Experimental Methods Testing materials The chemical composition of the testing material is shown in Table 1, the thermal treatment specifications are as follows: 900 ℃ ~ 925 ℃, 1h, air cooled + 565 ~ 595 ℃, 8h, air cooling or furnace cooling.
Evans, International Journal of Fatigue 31 (2009) 1751–1757
Duchene, International Journal of Fatigue 31 (2009) 2031–2040
[6] Lemaitre Jean, Chaboche Jean-Louis, Mechanics of solid materials.
Fatigue of materials. 2nd ed.

Part II deals with the experimental procedures which started with the characterization of raw materials.
Materials Science & Engineering.
Y., Aoki, M., Fujita, Y., Fujitani, W., Umakoshi, Y., & Takaoka, A, Materials Transactions, (2006), 47(9) [3] Ramay, H.
Journal of Biomedical Materials Research, (2013), 101(7), [5] Kivrak, N., & Tas, A.
Journal of American Ceramic Society (1998) 52(190968)

Materials and m Methods 2.1 Materials The reagents used in the study were of analytical reagent grade.
Khadom, Electron transport in dye-sanitized solar cell with tin-doped titanium dioxide as photoanode materials.
Journal of materials science-materials in electronics. 33. 8 (2022) 5009-5023
Journal of colloid and interface science. 509 (2018) 219-234
International journal of molecular sciences. 23. 21 (2022) 13221