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Table 1 Chemical composition [mass%] Al Zn Mn Mg AZ31 2.80 0.92 0.35 AZ91 8.63 0.90 0.35 AZ31B 2.83 0.94 0.32 Bal.
UTS, YS and EL of the rolled AZ31 sheet were 280MPa, 230MPa and 21%, respectively, and higher than the commercial AZ31B sheet in both the rolling and transverse direction.
UTS and YS of the rolled AZ91 sheet were 50% higher than the standard die cast AZ91D and the EL of the rolled AZ91 sheet was more than 13%, and that was almost 150% higher than the standard die cast AZ91D.
Regarding the workability of AZ91 alloy, it was reported that Al-Mn intermetalic compounds in AZ91 worsened the formability and mechanical properties[7] and Mohri et al.
[7] D.Regener, G.Dietze and H.Heyse:�Materialwiss Werkstofftech, Vol.35, No.2 (2004), p.73 [8] T.Mohri et al.: Mater.

An experimental set up was devised by Zeinoddini et al[2]. to provide benchmark data on the response of axially loaded steel tubes subjected to lateral dynamic impact loads.
The work performed by Zeinoddini et al. has not been extended into typical steel columns found in onshore structures.
The models were thoroughly validated using experimental data reported by Zeinoddiniet al[2]. on steel tubular members that were laterally impacted while subjected to a sustained axial load.
[5] Fogarty, J., Yossef, N. and El-Tawil, S. (2012), “Stability of Damaged Steel Columns,” Proceedings of the ASCE Structures Congress, May 2012, Chicago, Illinois
El-Tawil, S.K.

Electro luminescence (EL) from the diodes was measured under current pulses (1-50 mA) with a frequency of ~ 30 Hz.
PL was excited by an Ar-ion laser emitting at 514 nm (or 457 nm) with excitation Al n-type Si substrate Al Al SiO2 p+ DL p+n hν power of 1-1000 mW and the beam was focused to 100 µm spot.
IEL/Id (a.u.) 1mA (x0.33) EL, Id 50mA (x0.1) 1mW (x1) PL, PEXC 190mW (x0.06) TMEAS=30K Photon energy (eV) Forward current Id=1mA experimental data Fit: individual peaks overall spectra D3D2 D1 EL signal (a.u.)
TMEAS=300K 50mW PL, PEXC 800mW x0.1 Photon energy (eV) 1mA EL, Id 50mA Fig. 2.
The increase in the injection level in EL or/and PL excitation regime leads to a blue-shift of the peak positions.

Ma, E.L.
El-Moniem: J.
El-Shall, S.I.
Al-Resayes, and A.A.
El-Azhary: J.

Total elongation (El) and uniform elongation (U-El) were approximately 30% and 17%, respectively.
These results mean that the TS-El balance is improved by adding Nb.
Park et al [6] disclosed that the ultra fine grained DP steel, with the ferrite grain size and martensite island size of ~0.8μm, showed higher strength and higher elongation than coarse grained DP steel.
The higher n-value and U-El in Nb-steel can be explained by this theory.
El of 5%Nb is nearly same as 0%Nb in spite of the higher strength.

In 1980s, Mckevitt et al. study the hysteretic energy spectrum for multi-storey structures [4].
Figure 4 shows time-histories of the earthquake input energy for the El Centro and Northridge accelerograms scaled to PGA=70gal, 140gal, 200gal, 400gal and 620gal.
Figure 5 shows time-histories of the structural hysteretic energy for the El Centro and Northridge accelerograms scaled to PGA=70gal, 140gal, 200gal, 400gal and 620gal.
El Centro is earlier than Northridge with different PGA.
For PGA=400gal (Northridge) and PGA=620gal (El Centro), the percentage of storey 1 exceeds storey 2.

Fig. 6: Trebuchet of Mardi Ibn Ali al-Tarsusi. [12].
El arte medieval: Una mirada desde el siglo XI.
El trabuco de Cortés.
El trabuco de Cortés.
El arte medieval: Una mirada desde el siglo XI.

In the Ti-Al-Nb ternary phase diagram, there ia an (O+α2) phase region, as shown in Fig.1.
Fig.1 Schematic phase diagram of the Ti-Al-Nb ternary system.
B2 ＯＯＯＯ αααα2 %�b %Al (O+B2) (O+αααα2) B2 ＯＯＯＯ αααα2 %�b %Al (O+B2) (O+αααα2) Fig.2 Creep curves of three types of orthorhombic alloys.
Banerjee et al: Acta Metall.
Gogia et al: Intermetallics Vol.6 (1998), p.741

As well as the 473 ceramics abstracts, the issue includes – in line with the new editorial policy of including original papers on all of the major material groups – the works: “The Effect of Defect Disorder on the Electronic Structure of Rutile TiO2-x” (Hossain, Murch, Sheppard and Nowotny), “Grain-Boundary-Defects-Induced Switching in Zn-Bi-Mo Ceramic” (El-Hofy), “Synthesis and Characterization of ZrW2O7(OH1-x,Clx)2▪2H2O (x = 0.016, 0.025)” (Cao, Deng, Ma, Wang and Zhao), “Modelling of the Gettering by Mechanical Damage of Metallic Impurities in Silicon” (Ayad and Remram), “Deep Trap Concentrations from Three-Dimensional Carrier Concentration Profiles in Hydride Vapor Pressure Epitaxially-Grown GaN” (Halder, Martin and Sisler), “Slow Positron Studies of Defects in Si-Doped GaAs” (Godbole, Badera, Shrivastava and Joshi), “Six-Jump-Cycle Mechanism for Collective Correlations in Nonstoichiometric Intermetallic Compounds” (Gosain, Chaturvedi, Belova and Murch), “Vacancy-Wind Factors and Collective
Correlation Factors in Nonstoichiometric B2 Intermetallic Compounds” (Gosain, Chaturvedi, Belova and Murch), “Defect Densities using the Positron Annihilation Doppler Broadening Technique in Wrought Alloys 3003 and 3005” (Abdel-Rahman, Kamel, Abo-Elsoud, Lotfy and Badawi), “Phenomenological Model for Creep Behaviour in Cu-8.5at%Al Alloy” (Abo-Elsoud), “Surface Microstructural Evolution up to Creep Rupture under the Power-Law Regime in Cu-8.5at%Al Alloy at Intermediate Temperatures” (Abo-Elsoud), “Effect of γ-Irradiation on the Mechanical Properties of Al-Cu Alloy” (Abo-Elsoud and Ismail), “On the Physics of the Anomalous Characteristics of Fickian Diffusion of Fe and Other Transition-Element Impurities in Crystalline Al at Elevated Temperatures” (Nechaev), “On the Physics of Enhanced Fickian Diffusion and Structural-Phase Changes in Intensively Deforming Metallic Materials” (Nechaev).

Development of Ferrite–Bainite Dual Phase (FBDP) high strength steel for automotive industries Taher El-Bitar*1a, Eman El-Shenawy2b and Maha El-meligy3c 1,2,3Plastic Deformation Department, Central Metallurgical R&D Institute (CMRDI), Egypt aelbitart@yahoo.com, bdr.emanelshenawy@yahoo.com, cdr.mahaelmeligy@gmail.com Keywords: Ferrite, Bainite, Dual Phase, FBDP, high strength steel, automotive industries Abstract The proposed Ferrite- Bainite Dual Phase (FBDP) steel is suitable for automotive industries.
Hasegawa et al. [5] and CAI et al. [2] reported that the stretch-flangeability of dual-phase steels was affected by the micro-crack propagation due to difference in strength between soft and hard phases.
Qu et al., [6].
Cho et al.[7] studied the effects of cooling conditions of Nb-bearing hot-rolled FBDP steels.
[12]- BORATTO, F. et al., Effect of Chemical Composition on Critical Temperatures of Microalloyed Steels, THERMEC ‘88.