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In order to apply the volumetric method, elastic-plastic stress field around notches are considered and notch strength reduction factor are determined.
Finally, the predictions of the two methods were compared with experimental fatigue data for notched specimens.
The Volumetric Method The volumetric approach uses an elastic-plastic distribution and relative stress gradient to calculate the effective distance Xeff, the effective stress σeff and the notch strength reduction factor Kf: (4) where σyy(x) is the fatigue crack opening stress along notch tips, φ(x,χ) is the weight function and σn is net stress [5].
Adopting a 4 order polynomial function for σyy(x), with ai the polynomial coefficients: (5) the relative stress gradient is derived and the effective distance Xeff, which corresponds to minimum point of relative gradient, the effective stress σeff and the notch strength reduction factor Kf are determined with a Mathcad 14.0 routine, for an unit weight function .

According to the reports[5], reduction of U(VI) to U(IV) by SRB involves at least three processes: (1) U(VI) binding to the cell surface and to extracellular biopolymers (biosorption); (2) chemical reduction of U(VI) by microbially generated hydrogen sulfide (H2S);and (3) bioreduction of U(VI), which is enzymatic dissimilatory metal reduction with U(VI) acting as a terminal electronacceptor.
As shown in Fig.3, the rate of reducing U (VI) by the reduction of electron transfer was fast, esp. in the first 6 hours.
It could be seen by comparing and analyzing the data that the U (VI) removed through the reduction mechanism of electron transfer accounts for nearly 80% of the total amount of U (VI) removed by original bacteria fluid.
SRB may detoxicate Cu2+ in some other way, which will also affect the rate of removing U (VI) by SRB. 2.4.1 Inhibition effect of Cu2+ on U (VI) reduction and removal by H2S It could be seen from Fig.6 that Cu2+ could inhibit U (VI) reduction and removal by H2S to some extent.
The reduction of U (VI) by H2S is realized by the H2S generated during the process of electron transfer.

However, few data are yet available to support this assumption.
Wave reduction is expected to be reliant on the density of vegetation and the surge water level.
When the waves encounter the densest vegetation, the largest rates of wave reduction occur [13][11].
Whereas a 20 years Rhizophora forest can offer up to 98 % wave reduction.
A Laboratory Study on Wave Reduction by Mangrove Forests.

Hence, it is of great significance to do well in energy-saving and emission-reduction.
The measures of energy-saving and emission reduction taken by the enterprises are as shown in Table 1.
These measures bring an obvious effect in energy-saving and emission reduction, as shown in Table 2.
Typical enterprise has gained more apparent effect in energy-saving and emission reduction.
Xiao-yuan Wang and Xiao-juan Zhang for their assistances in data gathering.

The cutoff wall initially becomes deeper, the reduction of seepage discharge is distinct to reach 24%, as the depth increases gradually, the seepage discharge reduces slowly and can only reach 7%.
According to the statistical data of 1981, one hundred accidents that occurred in 241 large reservoirs, 30%~40% has been caused by seepage control problem[1].
The calculations take zero elevation plane as datum plane of hydraulic head.The upstream and downstream water levels are respectively 2269.72m and 2262.50m in the normal operation of the dam.
The seepage discharge of cutoff wall at 10m has reduced 24% than the seepage discharge of no foundation cutoff wall, and there is only 7% reduction when the depth of cutoff wall is from 10m to 20m, then the depth increases to 30m, the reduction of foundation seepage is very weak.
The cutoff wall initially becomes deeper, the reduction of seepage discharge is distinct to reach 24%, as the depth increases gradually, the seepage discharge reduce slowly and can only reach 7% ,then the depth increases to 30m, the reduction of foundation seepage is very weak.

The random variables of reliability analysis should be made statistical on the basis of test data.
Test data and statistical value are shown as table 1.
It shown that data can not be made statistical because there were only four of fault f212.
Failure probability is more than 99% if analyzed according to conventional data and index.
Slope engineering is usually designed under condition of without sufficient sample test data.

For the variable specific surface area, using the data of Table 4 and the factorial experimental design, the Table 5 was obtained.
Table 5.24 experimental factorial designs –Estimated effects and coefficients for the data of Table 4.
Figure 3 shows the x-ray diffraction data of sample 5.
The x-ray diffraction data shows that samples 1 and 2 have 100% and 96.3% of a-alumina.
Statistics for experimenters: an introduction to design, data analysis, and model building.

Powders of Со-Р alloy with ultradispersed corundum (Al2O3) and detonation nanodiamond (DND) precipitates were synthesized by chemical reduction.
Chemical reduction method was used in present work to obtain nanocomposite materials.
Со-Р powders were synthesized by chemical reduction from CoSO4 solution.
Magnetization dependence on magnetic field for (Al2O3)7(Co90P10)93 composite measured at temperature of 2 K: 1 – experimental data, 2 – fitting by (2) Fig. 5.
Magnetization dependence on temperature for (Al2O3)30( Co90P10)70 composite measured in applied field of 20 kOe: 1 – experimental data, 2 – fitting by (3) Table 1.

The improvement of cryptogram query hit rate and the reduction of redundant data in query results are the challenges in the outsourced database (ODB) model.
First of all, we divide the data which need to be encrypted into two types: one is string-type data and the other is numeric data including pure numeric data or the data that can be converted into numeric data, such as string-type data only contain numbers, time-type data, etc.
For string-type data, a new k-Mapping Character-data Encryption Scheme (k-MCES) is used.
However, ES return much redundant data.
Integrity Auditing of Outsourced Data.

The cone data and ESEM analyses results show that incorporation of a small amount of ZHS greatly promotes the char formation of PVC and decreases the amount of hazardous gases released in PVC during combustion.
Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 show that ZHS can effectively reduce the data of HRR, THR, CO and CO2 production.
The corresponding cone data are presented in Table 3.
There is a 12.9% reduction in the THR for the PVC1 sample compared to pure PVC0.
Table 3 The corresponding cone data Samples pk-HRR (kW/m2) THR (MJ/kg) pk-CO (kg/kg) pk-CO2 (kg/kg) PVC0 141.27 29.269 0.01975 0.07963 PVC1 100.43 25.504 0.00781 0.06600 * pk-HRR: The highest value of heat release rate THR: Cumulative heat energy released during flaming per unit mass of the sample.