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Online since: February 2014
Authors: Sunil D. Majagi, G. Chandramohan
In the study process factors namely feed rate, speed and coolant were analysed to understand the effect on the surface roughness, percentage (%) of thickness reduction, grain size and hardness of the Aluminium (Al) sheet metal after forming.
But these method have exhibited several defects in sheet metal forming, namely build up, surface cracks, surface finish, uneven thickness reduction, dissimilarity in hardness etc.
The obtained experimental results surface roughness, % of thickness reduction, grain size and hardness are tabulated below (Table 1).
RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS The Software Design Expert (Version 8.0.7.1, State-Ease Inc., Minneapolis, USA) has been used for the experimental design, data analysis, and to build linear, 2FI and quadratic model.
Table 2 Model summary statistics for surface roughens, % of thickness reduction, grain size and hardness of incremental forming Source Standard deviation Mean R2 Adj.
But these method have exhibited several defects in sheet metal forming, namely build up, surface cracks, surface finish, uneven thickness reduction, dissimilarity in hardness etc.
The obtained experimental results surface roughness, % of thickness reduction, grain size and hardness are tabulated below (Table 1).
RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS The Software Design Expert (Version 8.0.7.1, State-Ease Inc., Minneapolis, USA) has been used for the experimental design, data analysis, and to build linear, 2FI and quadratic model.
Table 2 Model summary statistics for surface roughens, % of thickness reduction, grain size and hardness of incremental forming Source Standard deviation Mean R2 Adj.
Online since: September 2011
Authors: Fang Yang, He Ping Hang, Jin Hui Shen, Ming Gang Shao
In order to meet data acquisition mobility and convenient requirements of the portable ECG monitor, the data acquisition system of ECG with dual CPU is designed in this paper.
Experimental data shows that the system has such advantages such as good repeatability, high accuracy, quick response and excellent anti-interference.
The measurement data can be recorded to the SD memory card with SPI mode.
Using this algorithm, 56 groups of ECG measuring experiments were selected as major test data.
Aiming at incorrectness data appeared in experimental results, the majority of failure data comes from random error.
Experimental data shows that the system has such advantages such as good repeatability, high accuracy, quick response and excellent anti-interference.
The measurement data can be recorded to the SD memory card with SPI mode.
Using this algorithm, 56 groups of ECG measuring experiments were selected as major test data.
Aiming at incorrectness data appeared in experimental results, the majority of failure data comes from random error.
Online since: April 2011
Authors: Wei Chao Chen, Jun Ao, Chun Bo Ma
In the process of extracting, the extraction value is retrieved by the binary data corresponding to, whether the actual rounded extraction value is -1, or+1.
As shown in table 1, for example, in the process of embedding if the binary data is 00, it is quantized as -6; in the process of extracting whether the actual rounded extraction value is -7, -6 or -5, the extracted binary data is 00.
The embedding procedure is given as follows: step 1: the secret information is converted into binary data first, and then quantized as an integer respectively, according to table 1.
To ensure quantized data matrix is a real symmetric matrix, choose,, and as the embedding bits.
According to the extraction formula (10), let to extract quantized data, and then transform them to be binary data as shown in table 1.
As shown in table 1, for example, in the process of embedding if the binary data is 00, it is quantized as -6; in the process of extracting whether the actual rounded extraction value is -7, -6 or -5, the extracted binary data is 00.
The embedding procedure is given as follows: step 1: the secret information is converted into binary data first, and then quantized as an integer respectively, according to table 1.
To ensure quantized data matrix is a real symmetric matrix, choose,, and as the embedding bits.
According to the extraction formula (10), let to extract quantized data, and then transform them to be binary data as shown in table 1.
Online since: January 2006
Authors: Chun Ho Liu
Attention and discussion on the load-reduction height of process history, and the stress distributions
of billet are also presented.
The aluminum alloy A6063 with a power law constitutive equation, 15.0 0.420 εσ = MPa, was adopted in the numerical computation, and the other relative data are 3.0=ν , 3 mkg2700=ρ , 79000=E MPa.
In Fig.2, at the first 4mm reduction height, the maximum error is increasing when the velocity factor is enlarged, afterward, the error has a decreasing tendency.
The relations between the load and reduction height are described in Fig.7.
But, a visible discrepancy 0 4 8 12 16 Reduction Height (mm) -0.2 -0.1 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 Error (%) Comparation of Error Range Mass Factor=1000 Vel.
The aluminum alloy A6063 with a power law constitutive equation, 15.0 0.420 εσ = MPa, was adopted in the numerical computation, and the other relative data are 3.0=ν , 3 mkg2700=ρ , 79000=E MPa.
In Fig.2, at the first 4mm reduction height, the maximum error is increasing when the velocity factor is enlarged, afterward, the error has a decreasing tendency.
The relations between the load and reduction height are described in Fig.7.
But, a visible discrepancy 0 4 8 12 16 Reduction Height (mm) -0.2 -0.1 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 Error (%) Comparation of Error Range Mass Factor=1000 Vel.
Online since: June 2010
Authors: Yu Chan Kim, Tae Whan Hong, Eric Fleury, Woo Young Lee, Yoon Bae Kim, Jin Yoo Suh, Hong Seok Chin
The reduction in the hydrogen permeability could be correlated to
the change in the composition of the coating as well as at the interface between Pd coating and Nibased
amorphous membrane.
However tests performed for up to 1.5 105 sec indicated a reduction of the hydrogen permeability that has been attributed to a contamination of the Pd surface and a structural change induced by the diffusion of Pd.
Table 1 Thermal characteristic of the Ni37.5Nb27.5Zr25Co5Ta5 amorphous ribbons Tg (K) Tx (K) ∆Tx (K) ∆Hx (J/g) as-spun ribbon 532.7 560.3 27.6 39.2 Pd coated ribbon before permeation test 533.1 560.0 26.9 33.2 Pd coated ribbon after 24 hours permeation test 560.6 29.8 Fig.3 shows the hydrogen permeation data obtained at 673 and 723 K for test performed during 720 hours.
The reduction in the performance obtained by Yamaura et al. on Ni40Nb20Zr30Ta5Co5 amorphous alloys [9] was attributed to a contamination of the surface of Pd layer inducing a reduction of the catalytic activity together with a possible degradation of the glassy structure during permeation test performed at high temperature, resulting from a diffusion of Pd element from the surface layer into the amorphous matrix.
However these tests performed using pure hydrogen exempt of contaminant revealed a reduction of the hydrogen permeability of about 50 % and 30 % for tests performed at 673 and 723 K, respectively.
However tests performed for up to 1.5 105 sec indicated a reduction of the hydrogen permeability that has been attributed to a contamination of the Pd surface and a structural change induced by the diffusion of Pd.
Table 1 Thermal characteristic of the Ni37.5Nb27.5Zr25Co5Ta5 amorphous ribbons Tg (K) Tx (K) ∆Tx (K) ∆Hx (J/g) as-spun ribbon 532.7 560.3 27.6 39.2 Pd coated ribbon before permeation test 533.1 560.0 26.9 33.2 Pd coated ribbon after 24 hours permeation test 560.6 29.8 Fig.3 shows the hydrogen permeation data obtained at 673 and 723 K for test performed during 720 hours.
The reduction in the performance obtained by Yamaura et al. on Ni40Nb20Zr30Ta5Co5 amorphous alloys [9] was attributed to a contamination of the surface of Pd layer inducing a reduction of the catalytic activity together with a possible degradation of the glassy structure during permeation test performed at high temperature, resulting from a diffusion of Pd element from the surface layer into the amorphous matrix.
However these tests performed using pure hydrogen exempt of contaminant revealed a reduction of the hydrogen permeability of about 50 % and 30 % for tests performed at 673 and 723 K, respectively.
Online since: September 2013
Authors: Mohd Nazree B. Derman, Khairel Rafezi Ahmad, Alaba O. Araoyinbo, Azmi Rahmat
The peak potential for both reduction and oxidation reactions using phosphate buffer saline as the analyte under different pH of 3, 5, 7, and 9 was also obtained.
Eo = oxidation potential, Er = reduction potential) and peak currents (i.e.
Io = peak current for oxidation, Ir = peak current for reduction) for the redox electrochemical reaction at different PBS pH.
The redox process is reversible for pH5, 7, and 9 from the data and cyclic graphs obtained, while a deviation from these values indicates a non-reversible electrochemical reaction.
The peak current for both the oxidation and reduction process produce ratio that is close to unity indicating a stable state of equilibrium during the potential scan.
Eo = oxidation potential, Er = reduction potential) and peak currents (i.e.
Io = peak current for oxidation, Ir = peak current for reduction) for the redox electrochemical reaction at different PBS pH.
The redox process is reversible for pH5, 7, and 9 from the data and cyclic graphs obtained, while a deviation from these values indicates a non-reversible electrochemical reaction.
The peak current for both the oxidation and reduction process produce ratio that is close to unity indicating a stable state of equilibrium during the potential scan.
Online since: May 2012
Authors: Xiu Teng Wang, Ya Jing Zhang, Ling Xu, Ling Lin, Dong Feng Gao, Jin Huang
The estimation data of our work shows that, considering only epidemiological factors, Beijing will obtain potential health benefits of 1681 and 2269 million Yuan from new "Ambient Air Quality Standard" for Grade 2 and 1.
Research Background and Data The Exposed Population.
Consequently the exposed population in this case study is the number of total urban residents of Beijing, which is 1961.2 ten thousand according to the statistical data of the 6th national population censuses [6] in 2010.
We can calculate out the potential economic benefits of health from the decrease of PM2.5 level in Beijing, that is the reduction value of economic loss of health hazards because of PM2.5.
The plot of potential economic benefits from reduction of PM2.5 concentration in the future comparing to the current level Conclusion Health hazards caused by PM2.5 pollution will result in great economic loss.
Research Background and Data The Exposed Population.
Consequently the exposed population in this case study is the number of total urban residents of Beijing, which is 1961.2 ten thousand according to the statistical data of the 6th national population censuses [6] in 2010.
We can calculate out the potential economic benefits of health from the decrease of PM2.5 level in Beijing, that is the reduction value of economic loss of health hazards because of PM2.5.
The plot of potential economic benefits from reduction of PM2.5 concentration in the future comparing to the current level Conclusion Health hazards caused by PM2.5 pollution will result in great economic loss.
Online since: July 2018
Authors: Markus Brandmeier, Jörg Franke, Norbert Eckl, Daniel Weberling
Fig.2: Data representation tasks of the energy data management cycle [4]
Transparent energy data management requires functionalities of energy data acquisition.
Whenever possible, measurement data is matched with system data using a timestamp.
Both short-term measures that serve to remedy a deviation of a defined target value and measures for the long-term reduction of resource and energy requirements can be stored and assigned.
Hence, administrative data, descriptive data, structural data as well as technical data are covered with the model.
By merging existing data with energy measurement data, a holistic, product-related data model can be created.
Whenever possible, measurement data is matched with system data using a timestamp.
Both short-term measures that serve to remedy a deviation of a defined target value and measures for the long-term reduction of resource and energy requirements can be stored and assigned.
Hence, administrative data, descriptive data, structural data as well as technical data are covered with the model.
By merging existing data with energy measurement data, a holistic, product-related data model can be created.
Online since: January 2013
Authors: Jian Guo Yang, Yan Yan Wang, Zhou Ying Ji
Rough intensive reduction algorithm.
(5) Output the attribute reduction results.
The author respectively used such as the frequency discrete method, minimum entropy discrete method, the overall discrete method for data discretization to get the decision table of data discretization (lack of space, not list)
(4) Use the rough intensive reduction algorithm for attribute reduction, after dispersing the data of the decision table.
Different discrete methods to get the different attribute combinations of the parameters, by repeated tests, {C1, C3, C4} attribute combination which is the results of data table processed by overall discrete method will be made as knock indicators eventually.
(5) Output the attribute reduction results.
The author respectively used such as the frequency discrete method, minimum entropy discrete method, the overall discrete method for data discretization to get the decision table of data discretization (lack of space, not list)
(4) Use the rough intensive reduction algorithm for attribute reduction, after dispersing the data of the decision table.
Different discrete methods to get the different attribute combinations of the parameters, by repeated tests, {C1, C3, C4} attribute combination which is the results of data table processed by overall discrete method will be made as knock indicators eventually.
Online since: December 2013
Authors: Aisyah Iadha Nuraini, Erlinda Muslim, Maya Arlini Puspasari
Results and Discussion
Anthropometric data collection performed on 16 subjects.
The data were taken are height, weight, height knuckle and shoulder height.
Anthropometric data will later be used as a data processing load capacity based on biomechanical criteria using software Jack.
In this jack software required anthropometric data has been obtained.
For reduction factors above knuckle height cannot be calculated due to the lack of data in the load calculation can be lifted from shoulder height.
The data were taken are height, weight, height knuckle and shoulder height.
Anthropometric data will later be used as a data processing load capacity based on biomechanical criteria using software Jack.
In this jack software required anthropometric data has been obtained.
For reduction factors above knuckle height cannot be calculated due to the lack of data in the load calculation can be lifted from shoulder height.