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Online since: January 2013
Authors: Wei Wei, Guo Tong Qin, Miao Lv
N2 adsorption/desorption data show that the highest surface area of aerogel fibers reached 241.6 m2/g with the average pore diameter about 10 nm.
With the reduction of the TiO2 content, the fiber continuity of the sample decreases, and the fracture becomes more severe.
With the reduction of the TiO2 content, the porosity of fibers increased gradually.
When MPVP: MTiO2 is more than 2.13, the porosity of aerogel fiber gradually decreases with the reduction of the TiO2 content.
The BET surface area, pore volume, and average pore diameter calculated from the N2 adsorption data are listed in Table 1.
Online since: November 2013
Authors: Jing Wang, Wen Qiang Wang, Cheng Chun Zhang, Lu Quan Ren, Lei Shi
The experiments data showed the aerodynamic noise of the two airfoils are reduced by 4-8dB and 4dB compared with the smooth airfoil[8].
(a) Arrangement of the sensors inside the cylinder (b) Arrangement of the sensors on surface of the cylinder Fig.12 Locations of the sensors on the cylinders 5 Analysis of experimental data The data from fluctuating pressure test is time series signals.
The results of the fluctuating pressure test data are the center frequency of 1/3 octave spectrum.
With ,. 5.1 Comparison of experimental data The sensor 1 and the sensor 5 are damaged during the experiment, so here only gives the fluctuating pressure comparison of other six sensors.
The wind tunnel experiment data show that the total fluctuating pressure of bionic wavy cylinder model is significantly lower than that of the smooth cylinder model at wind speed of 42m/s. 4.
Online since: March 2015
Authors: Sri Harini
Several previous studies as the basis of this study conducted by [2] mapping of the forest land use taking into account the data spatial of plants and land contours.
Where the analysis data in diskriptif, so as to explain and describe the conditions of research objects clearly.
In this study used data on the Upper Brantas river basin [7].
The results of the data analysis can be described as follows: Tabel 1.
Data Statistics Balai KSDA in East Java, Department of Forestry, Jakarta.
Online since: May 2011
Authors: Shui Bo Xie, Yue Lin Liu, Hui Ling, Shi You Li, Ying Jiu Liu, Wen Tao Wang
According to the reports[5], reduction of U(VI) to U(IV) by SRB involves at least three processes: (1) U(VI) binding to the cell surface and to extracellular biopolymers (biosorption); (2) chemical reduction of U(VI) by microbially generated hydrogen sulfide (H2S);and (3) bioreduction of U(VI), which is enzymatic dissimilatory metal reduction with U(VI) acting as a terminal electronacceptor.
As shown in Fig.3, the rate of reducing U (VI) by the reduction of electron transfer was fast, esp. in the first 6 hours.
It could be seen by comparing and analyzing the data that the U (VI) removed through the reduction mechanism of electron transfer accounts for nearly 80% of the total amount of U (VI) removed by original bacteria fluid.
SRB may detoxicate Cu2+ in some other way, which will also affect the rate of removing U (VI) by SRB. 2.4.1 Inhibition effect of Cu2+ on U (VI) reduction and removal by H2S It could be seen from Fig.6 that Cu2+ could inhibit U (VI) reduction and removal by H2S to some extent.
The reduction of U (VI) by H2S is realized by the H2S generated during the process of electron transfer.
Online since: December 2012
Authors: Ju Long Lan, Ming Tian, Han Mo
Traditional IP multicast utilizes a multicast tree to transmit data packets.
Fig. 1 illustrates the implementation model of CSRA scheme, which is constructed by management plane, control plane and data plane.
So there will always be public data delivery paths among multicast trees, which are called shared links.
(2) State Reduction Ratio(SRR) Since multicast state in edge nodes (incoming and exiting nodes) cannot be reduced in any state reduction scheme, we only consider the state in core routers.
Large number of multicast groups and large bth led to high Aggregated Degree and high State Reduction Ratio.
Online since: July 2013
Authors: A.A. Zisman, Nikolay Y. Zolotorevsky, E.I. Khlusova, Yuri F. Titovets, S.N. Panpurin
The effects of cooling rate and austenite structure on bainite formation was investigated by means of electron backscatter diffraction analysis and processing of obtained orientation data.
The data on local orientations were treated using MTEX software [8].
To choose the OR, which corresponds better to the data of the present investigation, the relationships obtained in Refs. [7, 10] were compared.
Austenite deformation results in the packet size reduction.
Note that the packet refinement does not imply a reduction of the effective grain size.
Online since: January 2015
Authors: Xiu Li Wang, Yan Peng Zhu, Jun Jie Li
The “—” means that the measured data achieves range extremum and cannot be used when the steel ball encounters the measuring point.
Table 5 Dynamic displacement peak responses of dams Working condition Measuring point d3 (mm) Reduction range (%) Average reduction range (%) Measuring point d6 (mm) Reduction range (%) Average reduction range (%) 3-11 -2.07 42.0 46.7 -1.32 44.7 45.9 B-3-11 -1.20 -0.73 3-12 -2.90 45.9 -1.78 47.2 B-3-12 -1.57 -0.94 3-13 -3.50 45.7 -2.00 45.0 B-3-13 -1.90 -1.10 3-14 -3.91 49.9 -2.23 41.7 B-3-14 -1.96 -1.30 3-15 -5.67 49.9 -2.63 51.0 B-3-15 -2.84 -1.29 Acceleration Responses.
Crack width reduction reached 25%~40%, and the angle of large-scale cracks on the top of the dam becomes narrow, while the span expands.
Its reduction can be up to 69.2%.
The average reduction is about 46%.
Online since: May 2010
Authors: Ren Hang Huang, Li Ping Zhang, Li Hua Zhang
DD is a typical data-centric protocol for wireless sensor networks [1].
For instance, setting the gradient diffusion depth threshold value is used to narrow the range of the dissemination of interest messages, then to reduce the amount of data transmitted over the network in the literature [2]; Passive Clustering strategy is introduced into the Directed Diffusion Protocol in the Literatures [3, 4], plenty of reduction of the directional flooding in the interest and exploration of data, greatly improved the overall performance of the network.
When nodes propagate sensing data, the packet CH information field has five values: the unique marked node node_id, node_status, two CH nodes (ch1_id,ch2_id), energy_surplus(with a total of 17 bytes).
In other words, gateway only forward the packet of the CH which takes this node as CH; the ordinary nodes only receive packets from the CHs, and sent the data matching interest to the CH.
In a word, the proposed algorithm adopts CH declaration mechanism based on energy threshold and gateway selection mechanism based on residual energy, it has many merits: 1) it not only balances the energy consumption, but also reduces the probability of re-cluster's method in the network topology maintenance mechanism. 2) Comparing with PCDD ,EPCDD packet flooding overhead further decrease, and packet flooding overhead reduction is far greater than the overhead increase due to the increased length of the single information packet, so EPCDD has better energyefficiency; 3)the probability of collision greatly reduce while the number of network connections is further reduction, therefore, the packet's delay performance will be better, and packet reception rate is also higher;4) With the increasing of the nodes ,the greater is the network density, the more is the number of network packet, flooding overhead reduction and reduction in the number of the network connections become
Online since: January 2006
Authors: Chun Ho Liu
Attention and discussion on the load-reduction height of process history, and the stress distributions of billet are also presented.
The aluminum alloy A6063 with a power law constitutive equation, 15.0 0.420 εσ = MPa, was adopted in the numerical computation, and the other relative data are 3.0=ν , 3 mkg2700=ρ , 79000=E MPa.
In Fig.2, at the first 4mm reduction height, the maximum error is increasing when the velocity factor is enlarged, afterward, the error has a decreasing tendency.
The relations between the load and reduction height are described in Fig.7.
But, a visible discrepancy 0 4 8 12 16 Reduction Height (mm) -0.2 -0.1 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 Error (%) Comparation of Error Range Mass Factor=1000 Vel.
Online since: June 2010
Authors: Yu Chan Kim, Tae Whan Hong, Eric Fleury, Woo Young Lee, Yoon Bae Kim, Jin Yoo Suh, Hong Seok Chin
The reduction in the hydrogen permeability could be correlated to the change in the composition of the coating as well as at the interface between Pd coating and Nibased amorphous membrane.
However tests performed for up to 1.5 105 sec indicated a reduction of the hydrogen permeability that has been attributed to a contamination of the Pd surface and a structural change induced by the diffusion of Pd.
Table 1 Thermal characteristic of the Ni37.5Nb27.5Zr25Co5Ta5 amorphous ribbons Tg (K) Tx (K) ∆Tx (K) ∆Hx (J/g) as-spun ribbon 532.7 560.3 27.6 39.2 Pd coated ribbon before permeation test 533.1 560.0 26.9 33.2 Pd coated ribbon after 24 hours permeation test 560.6 29.8 Fig.3 shows the hydrogen permeation data obtained at 673 and 723 K for test performed during 720 hours.
The reduction in the performance obtained by Yamaura et al. on Ni40Nb20Zr30Ta5Co5 amorphous alloys [9] was attributed to a contamination of the surface of Pd layer inducing a reduction of the catalytic activity together with a possible degradation of the glassy structure during permeation test performed at high temperature, resulting from a diffusion of Pd element from the surface layer into the amorphous matrix.
However these tests performed using pure hydrogen exempt of contaminant revealed a reduction of the hydrogen permeability of about 50 % and 30 % for tests performed at 673 and 723 K, respectively.
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