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Online since: September 2017
Authors: Tatyana Lesnikova, A. Korinteli, I.V. Cherunova
The article presents experimentally obtained data on sea water and oil permeation into special clothing materials.
Table 1 contains systematized data on increase in volume of fibers of different nature upon contact with liquid [11].
Experimental Procedure The analysis of data presented in Table 1 proves that medium change of humidified volume of fibers relative to other options is typical for cotton and linen.
The obtained data gives reasons to expect a moderate level of special fabrics saturation with aggressive liquids from the side of longitudinal surface of fibers covered with penetrating preservatives.
Therefore, it is insufficient to predict oil permeation into textile materials proceeding from the data on interface with plain water and sea water.
Online since: December 2016
Authors: Michal Ženíšek, Petr Hájek, Lenka Laiblová, Tomáš Vlach, Anuj Kumar
Especially reduction of concrete is becoming a very hot topic around the word because it can lead to the reduction of environmental impacts especially the consumption of primary energy, primary non-renewable materials and CO2 production.
Introduction One of the basic sustainability targets in the word is reduction of non-renewable raw material consumption.
Reduction of concrete has usually problem with the cover layer that protects the steel reinforcement against corrosion.
This paper presents mechanical and economical aspects that have been calculated using data from the current price of used materials and from the experiments.
Using of TRC for example for the facade panels and other thin elements can lead to the reduction of concrete then to the reduction of environmental impact in building constructions in accordance with the concepts of global sustainability.
Online since: December 2012
Authors: Ming Tian, Ju Long Lan, Han Mo
Traditional IP multicast utilizes a multicast tree to transmit data packets.
Fig. 1 illustrates the implementation model of CSRA scheme, which is constructed by management plane, control plane and data plane.
So there will always be public data delivery paths among multicast trees, which are called shared links.
(2) State Reduction Ratio(SRR) Since multicast state in edge nodes (incoming and exiting nodes) cannot be reduced in any state reduction scheme, we only consider the state in core routers.
Large number of multicast groups and large bth led to high Aggregated Degree and high State Reduction Ratio.
Online since: February 2016
Authors: Jun Kono, Yutaka Goto, York Ostermeyer, Rolf Frischknecht, Holger Wallbaum
Types of Thermal Insulation Materials and Inventory Data.
Fig. 2.Market share of 7 largest markets for thermal insulation materials The main source of life cycle inventory data for analyzing the inventories was eco invent data v2.2 [23].
Life cycle inventory data of VIP referred to [24].
For example the AIJ database relies on input-output based data, while others are average product data.
Annex Table A shows the data used to create Fig. 6 and Fig. 7.
Online since: February 2014
Authors: Jun Ling Zhao, Xue Min Zhang, Fu Wei Kang
Isothermal compression of superalloy GH4169 has been conducted on Gleebe-1500D hot simulation at the deformation temperatures ranging from 950℃ to 1100℃,the strain rates ranging from 0.01s-1 to 10s-1, and the height reduction of 50%.
Constitutive equation of superalloy GH4169 was established by experimental data.
Error analysis showed that calculated stress values by the established constitutive equation were coincident with experimental data well, and it provided the theory basis to optimize forging processing of superalloy GH4169.
The hot compressive tests were conducted on Gleeble-1500D simulator at deformation temperature of 950℃, 1000℃, 1050℃ and 1100℃, at strain rate of 0.01s-1, 0.1s-1, 1s-1 and 10s-1 ,and the height reduction of 50%, followed by water quenching, to preserve the hot-deformed structure.
On the basis of experimental data, the hot deformation constitutive equation of superalloy GH4169 was established as following: 3.
Online since: July 2011
Authors: Jong Keun Lee, Sil Ro Jin
The glass transition temperature (Tg) and isothermal physical aging was depressed by the reduction of film thickness.
One of the noticeable changes with the reduction of film thickness is the reduction of the glass transition temperature (Tg) of polymer thin films relative to the bulk unless strong interactions with a substrate are present [1-3].
The decrease of Tg with film thickness reduction is well known in many publications [1-3].
The Tg reduction at thinner films can be explained in this way.
DHRelax vs. ta data in Fig. 5 were curve-fitted with a KWW equation.
Online since: November 2011
Authors: Yan Cao, Xiao Ping Lin, Xue Ming Qian
And the reduction of the bounding box’s height is controlled as restraint of vertex culling.
In order to describe the algorithm better, the denotations are explained as follow: Figure1 Calculation of local curvature As shown in Figure1, for a vertex PK, the triangle patches which include Pk are marked as :{} ;one triangle patch among {} is marked as ,which is called datum triangle.
For example, Figure1 is longer than ,triangle is more different than relative to datum triangle. and reflect curvature around PK, the biggeris,the bigger curvature is.
Comp Geom-Theor Appl 25:171–196 [2] Kim NH, Yoo SK, Lee KS (2003) Polygon reduction of 3D objects using Stokes’ theorem.
Comput Vis Image Und 24:1123–1131 [6] Lee KH, Woo H, Suk T (2001) Data reduction methods for reverse engineering.
Online since: June 2014
Authors: Chang Yu Zhou, Xiao Liu Shen
“Energy conservation and emission reduction”, “low carbon environment” have gradually become the only way to achieve sustainable development.
Hence the dimension and amount of data of energy indicator are quite large, the data of indicators should be reduced on the basis of existing researches, the architecture should be simplified and which provides foundation for subsequent mechanism research and process simulation of the system.
We can treat those as three data spaces, for example, in energy data space E1, the indicator dataset X(XÌ E1)is composed of many data points, the data point xi=(xi1,xi2 ,…xid)T ÎE1, each attribute of xi are numeric type, if the indicator dataset we acquired in the energy space contains N objects, then the dataset X can be denoted as a Nxd matrix.
The final aim of this is to partition the indicator dataset acquired into p subsets Ck(k=1,2...p), of course, some of the objects may not belong to any of those partitions, then we refer to those objects as noise data points or bad data points, the union set of those partitions and noise is the dataset X, and there are no intersections among those partitions.
After preprocessing the indicator data of energy intensity as well as carbon intensity, we use sensitivity analysis to process data in each equivalence class, eliminate those indicators with lower impact, finally the flexible and robust architecture of the system is built.
Online since: April 2015
Authors: Artur Rękas, Katarzyna Milczanowska, Magdalena Kurek, Tomasz Latos
It can be realized mainly by development in such directions as extending shares on the market, cost reduction, introducing more effective methods of production and risk management.
The most important advantages of FMEA are [8]: 1) reduction of costs being a result of defects, 2) lower prices of products, 3) increase of the effectiveness of production, 4) reduction of costs of production, 5) reliability of products, 6) reliability of processes, 7) increase of the level of customer’s satisfaction, 8) creating process documentation.
A schema presenting FMEA as an element of a Quality Management System [2] The input data to FMEA come from such tools as Pareto analysis and/or control cards that provide information about a process while its results serve as input data for activities aimed at improvement of a process.
An important factor that determines success of the analysis is ensuring the team a fast access to any necessary data, such as internal analyses of quality, market and service research or reclamations.
However, the approach consulting all 3 kinds of customers seems to be the most justified and can generate the biggest benefits for the company such as reduction of defects, elimination of factors that may cause damage of machines, elimination of shutdowns and delay, and consequently reduction of costs.
Online since: August 2013
Authors: Xue Qing Liu, Ji Yan Liu, Heng Zhou, Hao Wang, Shao Jun Cai
Synergistic effects between Al(MEP) and silica are obtained leading to the increase of LOI and to the reduction of combustion time.
The TGA data demonstrate that silica can enhance the thermal stability of the EP/Al(MEP) and increase the char residue formation at high temperature.
Nevertheless, the reduction in flammability of EP is a major concern.
Figure 1 gives TGA and DTG curves and data of Al(MEP), neat EP and EP/Al(MEP) with and without silica.
Comparison of silica and RH silica as fillers in EP/Al(MEP) composites (EP/Al(MEP)/silica=100/20/10) Filler LOI (%) t1+2 (s) FS (MPa) FM (GPa) NIS (kJ/m2) Ti (°C) Tmax (°C) DTGmax (%/°C) Char at 700°C (%) Silica 39.3 5.2 86.4 2.24 10.3 325 362 0.60 38.7 RH Silica 38.2 6.6 78.9 2.23 10.9 322 363 0.78 36.2 Data in Table2 show that silica filled EP/Al(MEP) exhibits higher LOI value, shorter burning time and higher flexural strength than RH silica filled EP/Al(MEP).
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