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Online since: February 2011
Authors: Rui Liang Li, Zhan Feng Liu
Through the analysis for steel of 4145H drill collar, Research into the various factors of cutting, such as the cutting tool material, cutting-tool angle and cutting parameters, combined with the actual structure of the workpiece and the superlong deep-hole processing method for study.
Workpiece material properties and processing requirements 4145H drill collar steel chemical composition and mechanical properties[1] in Table 1, Table 2 Table 1 4145H drill collar steel chemical composition Elements C Si Mn Cr Mo P S Content[%] 0.42~0.49 0.15~0.35 0.66~1.10 0.75~1.20 0.15~0.25 0.025 0.025 Table 2 4145H drill collar steel mechanical properties Project [Mpa] [Mpa] [%] AK[J] Value 980 820 13 54 Workpiece material drill collar bars 4145H material, quenching hardness HB280 ~ 320, the workpiece diameter Φ130mm.
The superlong deep-hole drilling bit is limited by the structural and mechanical properties, so the multiple-cutting-edge saw setting deep-hole drill by internal chip removal is commonly used.
(3) The principle of the distribution of guidance blocks is that the radial force affects between two blocks and the force per unit area affecting on every block should be min.
It is better that the forces affecting on the two blocks are equal, so that the abrasion of the cutting guidance blocks can be uniform.
Workpiece material properties and processing requirements 4145H drill collar steel chemical composition and mechanical properties[1] in Table 1, Table 2 Table 1 4145H drill collar steel chemical composition Elements C Si Mn Cr Mo P S Content[%] 0.42~0.49 0.15~0.35 0.66~1.10 0.75~1.20 0.15~0.25 0.025 0.025 Table 2 4145H drill collar steel mechanical properties Project [Mpa] [Mpa] [%] AK[J] Value 980 820 13 54 Workpiece material drill collar bars 4145H material, quenching hardness HB280 ~ 320, the workpiece diameter Φ130mm.
The superlong deep-hole drilling bit is limited by the structural and mechanical properties, so the multiple-cutting-edge saw setting deep-hole drill by internal chip removal is commonly used.
(3) The principle of the distribution of guidance blocks is that the radial force affects between two blocks and the force per unit area affecting on every block should be min.
It is better that the forces affecting on the two blocks are equal, so that the abrasion of the cutting guidance blocks can be uniform.
Online since: March 2008
Authors: Lian Jie Ma
The study indicates, the tools material and cooling condition are
major factors to affect tools wear.
The factors of affecting wear of turning tools were studied through single factor test, such as tools materials, cooling conditions, cutting depth and feed speed.
Affecting Factors of Drill Wear Tools Material.
The cooling conditions is one of main factors to affecting tools wear during machining of fluorophlogopite ceramics.
The study indicates, the tools material and cooling condition are major factors to affect tools wear.
The factors of affecting wear of turning tools were studied through single factor test, such as tools materials, cooling conditions, cutting depth and feed speed.
Affecting Factors of Drill Wear Tools Material.
The cooling conditions is one of main factors to affecting tools wear during machining of fluorophlogopite ceramics.
The study indicates, the tools material and cooling condition are major factors to affect tools wear.
Online since: November 2014
Authors: Nor Azwadi Che Sidik, Elsa Syuhada Abdull Yamin
Linear relationship is found between permeability and the two physical properties i.e., bone surface area and pore size.
The artificial cancellous bone must have the properties and characteristic similar to the natural cancellous bone to ensure the bone can provide mechanical support and at the same time promote tissue regeneration.
In the design of scaffold, porosity determines the mechanical stimulus and consequently bone formation.
For permeability analysis, the geometries were assigned with isotropic properties.
Since this law explained the permeability based on two physical factors which were viscosity and pressure drop, the graph of the line plot were affected by this two factors.
The artificial cancellous bone must have the properties and characteristic similar to the natural cancellous bone to ensure the bone can provide mechanical support and at the same time promote tissue regeneration.
In the design of scaffold, porosity determines the mechanical stimulus and consequently bone formation.
For permeability analysis, the geometries were assigned with isotropic properties.
Since this law explained the permeability based on two physical factors which were viscosity and pressure drop, the graph of the line plot were affected by this two factors.
Online since: November 2019
Authors: Dmitriy V. Kraynev, Evgeniy M. Frolov, Pavel A. Norchenko
Formation of the Surface Layer Properties in Edge Cutting Machining of Stainless and Heat-Resistant Steels
Dmitriy V.
Abstract: The article considers features of a cutting process of stainless and heat-resistant steels and factors that determine difficulties in machining these materials.
Though heat-resistant and stainless steels differ from each other, they have a number of common physical and mechanical properties that determine their common technological properties with respect to machinability by cutting.
The worst machinability of these steels and alloys is determined, first of all, by the structure and mechanical characteristics that determine their properties not only in the initial state but also in the hardened state and under heating, as well as by the thermophysical parameters (melting temperature, activation energy and thermal conductivity) that determine properties of material at elevated temperatures.
Thus, the properties of the material machined largely determined the features of the chip-forming process and, consequently, wear of the cutting tool and formation of the quality of the surface machined.
Abstract: The article considers features of a cutting process of stainless and heat-resistant steels and factors that determine difficulties in machining these materials.
Though heat-resistant and stainless steels differ from each other, they have a number of common physical and mechanical properties that determine their common technological properties with respect to machinability by cutting.
The worst machinability of these steels and alloys is determined, first of all, by the structure and mechanical characteristics that determine their properties not only in the initial state but also in the hardened state and under heating, as well as by the thermophysical parameters (melting temperature, activation energy and thermal conductivity) that determine properties of material at elevated temperatures.
Thus, the properties of the material machined largely determined the features of the chip-forming process and, consequently, wear of the cutting tool and formation of the quality of the surface machined.
Online since: July 2015
Authors: Hai Bo Yang, Cong Miao
Introduction
Aluminum profile extrusion with two-hole dies refers that the high temperature aluminum alloy, according to a certain speed, is extruded from the die cavity by extrusion machine, in this way, through an extrusion process can get two specific shape, size and good mechanical properties aluminum profile[2].
The mechanical properties parameters of materials after heat treatment is as follows: elastic modulus is E=210GPa, Poisson's ratio is µ =0.30, specific heat capacity is C=460J/ (kg· K), the coefficient of friction between the die surface and blank is f=0.3.Blank is aluminum alloy 6061, the forming process parameters are shown in table 1[5].
The influences of various factors effect on the size of the sort: blank temperature > extrusion speed > mold temperature > welding chamber height.
While pressing the average squeeze pressure P and welding chamber height correlation, correlation of other factors is almost equal.
The factors affecting the order as: welding chamber height >die temperature > extrusion speed> billet temperature.
The mechanical properties parameters of materials after heat treatment is as follows: elastic modulus is E=210GPa, Poisson's ratio is µ =0.30, specific heat capacity is C=460J/ (kg· K), the coefficient of friction between the die surface and blank is f=0.3.Blank is aluminum alloy 6061, the forming process parameters are shown in table 1[5].
The influences of various factors effect on the size of the sort: blank temperature > extrusion speed > mold temperature > welding chamber height.
While pressing the average squeeze pressure P and welding chamber height correlation, correlation of other factors is almost equal.
The factors affecting the order as: welding chamber height >die temperature > extrusion speed> billet temperature.
Online since: May 2011
Authors: Shu Hui Liu, Shu Xian Liu, Xiao Gang Wei, Li Ping Lv
As many complex factors exist such as complex structures of ground, multivariate stope boundary conditions, many stochastic mining factors and so on, it is difficult to evaluate the damage of the geological environment caused the excavation by surrounding underground coal accurately.
Due to the original constraints of geological structure, properties of rock and soil, construction methods and so on, it is difficult to use quantitative and qualitative methods to evaluate damage caused by the underground coal mining on the surrounding geological environment.
Influence Factors of Ground Surface Stability in the Process of Coal Mining In the process of coal mining and the earth's crust which is affected by mining, the deformation of most rock develops with the progressive of coal excavation.
The impact factors of ground stability caused by exploiting underground coal can be separated into coal factors, the rock of seam factor, geological structure factors, and mining conditions and so on.
Mechanical properties of the medium and seismicity characteristic conditions can not be considered simply as the impact factors of ground stability caused by exploiting underground coal.
Due to the original constraints of geological structure, properties of rock and soil, construction methods and so on, it is difficult to use quantitative and qualitative methods to evaluate damage caused by the underground coal mining on the surrounding geological environment.
Influence Factors of Ground Surface Stability in the Process of Coal Mining In the process of coal mining and the earth's crust which is affected by mining, the deformation of most rock develops with the progressive of coal excavation.
The impact factors of ground stability caused by exploiting underground coal can be separated into coal factors, the rock of seam factor, geological structure factors, and mining conditions and so on.
Mechanical properties of the medium and seismicity characteristic conditions can not be considered simply as the impact factors of ground stability caused by exploiting underground coal.
Online since: December 2015
Authors: Alexey Anatolevich Vereschaka, Anatoliy Stepanovich Vereschaka, D.V. Sladkov, A.Yu. Aksenenko, N.N. Sitnikov
The preliminary analysis has shown that the most important parameters of the FCVAD process affecting the properties of the coating being formed and used during the tests are: ITi titanium cathode arc current; pN nitrogen pressure in the vacuum chamber, Us – substrate (tool) voltage in the process of condensation of coating.
The study has used a function, which expresses the relationship of wear rate J and the factors most strongly affecting it: J=CJ∙ITia1∙pNa2∙Usa3∙expb1∙ITi∙b2∙pN∙b3∙Us (1) where J = h3/L is wear rate of the flank face of a carbide insert; L= v·TM is length of cutting path; ТM is cutting time.
The varied factors most strongly affecting the composition, structure, and properties of coatings (a layer of multi-layer composite coating) were as follows: arc current at evaporation of titanium ITi, pressure of reaction gas (nitrogen) pN, voltage on the tool (substrate) during the process of coating deposition Us.
The following ranges of variation of factors of the synthesis process were selected: ITi – 40-140 А; pN - 5·10-2 - 5·10-1 Pa; Us= 20-200 V.
Given the selected model, each of the selected factors was varied over three levels.
The study has used a function, which expresses the relationship of wear rate J and the factors most strongly affecting it: J=CJ∙ITia1∙pNa2∙Usa3∙expb1∙ITi∙b2∙pN∙b3∙Us (1) where J = h3/L is wear rate of the flank face of a carbide insert; L= v·TM is length of cutting path; ТM is cutting time.
The varied factors most strongly affecting the composition, structure, and properties of coatings (a layer of multi-layer composite coating) were as follows: arc current at evaporation of titanium ITi, pressure of reaction gas (nitrogen) pN, voltage on the tool (substrate) during the process of coating deposition Us.
The following ranges of variation of factors of the synthesis process were selected: ITi – 40-140 А; pN - 5·10-2 - 5·10-1 Pa; Us= 20-200 V.
Given the selected model, each of the selected factors was varied over three levels.
Online since: February 2019
Authors: M.S. Denisov
Furthermore, the combination of mechanical, physical and chemical properties of morphic alloys cannot be obtained by any existing kind of metal working.
The given test results bring out the classification of the main factors influencing the structural and phase changes of final castings: - kinetic factor.
- technological pressure factors (temperature, speed, compression ratio), which influence the size and geometry of grains and phase components.
Mechanical properties of materials under high pressure.
S., Influence of pressure application speed onto the structure and mechanical properties of A99 aluminum, Metal technology. 1 (2017) 2-7
The given test results bring out the classification of the main factors influencing the structural and phase changes of final castings: - kinetic factor.
- technological pressure factors (temperature, speed, compression ratio), which influence the size and geometry of grains and phase components.
Mechanical properties of materials under high pressure.
S., Influence of pressure application speed onto the structure and mechanical properties of A99 aluminum, Metal technology. 1 (2017) 2-7
Online since: December 2012
Authors: Ming Xia Yang, Li Na Chen, Fan Rong Kong
Through the analysis of performance of ordinary cotton and organic cotton knitted fabrics, it was found that the mechanical properties of the organic cotton knits are somewhat less than ordinary cotton knits and there is no difference in wear ability between the two.
Fabric thickness has a great influence on physical properties of the fabric, in the same conditions, fabric abrasion resistance and warmth retention will increase with the thickness increasing; the fabric thickness may affect wear ability, such as abrasion resistance, air permeability, wind resistance, rigidity and drapery.
Table 1 The tensile of organic cotton and ordinary cotton knits Number of times 1 2 3 4 5 Mean value Organic cotton Longitudinal(N) 138.86 145.27 131.59 150.62 148.52 142.97 Crosswise(N) 74.68 62.95 68.56 71.28 70.17 69.53 Ordinary cotton Longitudinal(N) 149.80 153.20 161.35 155.50 158.65 155.70 Crosswise(N) 82.28 76.55 72.62 80.34 70.74 76.51 Table 2 The bursting strength of organic cotton and ordinary cotton knits Number of times 1 2 3 4 5 Mean value Organic cotton Bursting strength(N) 318.6 303.2 334.8 328.5 330.4 323.1 Ordinary cotton Bursting strength(N) 348.5 352.8 361.3 346.7 358.8 353.6 The main factors affecting the fabric mechanical properties are fiber shape, yarn structure and fabric structure.
Conclusion The mechanical property of organic cotton fabrics is weaker than ordinary cotton, which will affect the fabric durability; but its wear ability is well because there is no differences among the other properties.
In order to improve the durability of organic cotton fabric fine organic cotton seed may be screened and cultivation to improve the properties of fiber.
Fabric thickness has a great influence on physical properties of the fabric, in the same conditions, fabric abrasion resistance and warmth retention will increase with the thickness increasing; the fabric thickness may affect wear ability, such as abrasion resistance, air permeability, wind resistance, rigidity and drapery.
Table 1 The tensile of organic cotton and ordinary cotton knits Number of times 1 2 3 4 5 Mean value Organic cotton Longitudinal(N) 138.86 145.27 131.59 150.62 148.52 142.97 Crosswise(N) 74.68 62.95 68.56 71.28 70.17 69.53 Ordinary cotton Longitudinal(N) 149.80 153.20 161.35 155.50 158.65 155.70 Crosswise(N) 82.28 76.55 72.62 80.34 70.74 76.51 Table 2 The bursting strength of organic cotton and ordinary cotton knits Number of times 1 2 3 4 5 Mean value Organic cotton Bursting strength(N) 318.6 303.2 334.8 328.5 330.4 323.1 Ordinary cotton Bursting strength(N) 348.5 352.8 361.3 346.7 358.8 353.6 The main factors affecting the fabric mechanical properties are fiber shape, yarn structure and fabric structure.
Conclusion The mechanical property of organic cotton fabrics is weaker than ordinary cotton, which will affect the fabric durability; but its wear ability is well because there is no differences among the other properties.
In order to improve the durability of organic cotton fabric fine organic cotton seed may be screened and cultivation to improve the properties of fiber.
Online since: December 2014
Authors: Shan Li, Jiu Yin Pang
Based on the experimental materials: specification for 30 mm x 25 mm x 10 mm specimens of 180 pieces of walnut, moisture content is about 10-12%.
2.2 design of orthogonal experiment
In this experiment, considering the production line, pressure, time and dosage of curing agent in the three factors, if three factors comprehensive combination shall be 3 after = 27 kinds of combination of experiments, and the number of repeat each combination has not been considered, so the mining height are broken, rapid and economic efficiency of the orthogonal design method, experiments with 3 factors and 3 levels L9 (3) after the orthogonal experiment, the factors of a class are shown in table 2-2 experimental results and data processing are shown in table 3-1
Tab.2-2 Orthogonal test table
Factor No
Time(h)
presure(MPa)
The amount of MDI (the equivalent of dry glue quality)
1
1
1
10%
2
1
2
20%
3
1
3
30%
4
2
1
30%
5
2
2
10%
6
2
3
20%
7
3
1
20%
8
3
2
30%
9
3
3
10%
2.3 the preparation of modified
Simulating finger-joint performance based on localized constituent lumber properties[J].
Localized modulus-of-elasticity properties of E-rated spruce-pine laminating lumber.
[11] Hao Jincheng, Wang Shixin, Li Jinjie, glued laminated wood configuration and strength properties of [J], forestry science and technology, 1997,22 (1):38-39
[12] Gu Jiyou, Cheng Ruixiang, larch, birch and oak wood adhesive bonding properties of integration of [J], wood processing machinery, 2003,14 (2):1-4
Simulating finger-joint performance based on localized constituent lumber properties[J].
Localized modulus-of-elasticity properties of E-rated spruce-pine laminating lumber.
[11] Hao Jincheng, Wang Shixin, Li Jinjie, glued laminated wood configuration and strength properties of [J], forestry science and technology, 1997,22 (1):38-39
[12] Gu Jiyou, Cheng Ruixiang, larch, birch and oak wood adhesive bonding properties of integration of [J], wood processing machinery, 2003,14 (2):1-4