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Online since: December 2012
Authors: Juan Xu, Yang Li, Yu Lin Cai
The input data of VIC model include catchment characteristics data, soil data, climate data and vegetation data.
All of the data required by the VIC-3L model are compiled at 8 km × 8 km resolution.Catchment characteristics data in this study means catchment delineation and elevation of each grid which are acquired based on SRTM DEM data (version2) [8].Vegetation classification was derived based on AVHRR at 1km resolution.
LAI and albedo are extracted from MODIS [9] .The required soil texture classification is based on the information of global 5 min data of GED(Global Ecosystems Database) provided by the National Geophysical Data Center (NGDC) Hydrology Office (http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/seg/cdroms/reynolds/reynolds/reynolds.htm).
The data is mapped to the resolution of 8km×8Km grids via Inverse Distance Weight method(IDW).
Flow data from hydrological stations from 1981-1987 are used to calibrate the model and validate the calibration results.
All of the data required by the VIC-3L model are compiled at 8 km × 8 km resolution.Catchment characteristics data in this study means catchment delineation and elevation of each grid which are acquired based on SRTM DEM data (version2) [8].Vegetation classification was derived based on AVHRR at 1km resolution.
LAI and albedo are extracted from MODIS [9] .The required soil texture classification is based on the information of global 5 min data of GED(Global Ecosystems Database) provided by the National Geophysical Data Center (NGDC) Hydrology Office (http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/seg/cdroms/reynolds/reynolds/reynolds.htm).
The data is mapped to the resolution of 8km×8Km grids via Inverse Distance Weight method(IDW).
Flow data from hydrological stations from 1981-1987 are used to calibrate the model and validate the calibration results.
Online since: February 2019
Authors: Tuan Syahylah Tuan Sulong, Noor Asmawati Mohd Zabidi, N.S.A. Halim
Reduction behavior of the catalyst and metal-support interaction was studied via hydrogen temperature-programmed reduction (1100 CE Instrument).
The XPS spectra of Cu2p and Zn2p are presented in Fig. 2 and the XPS data are shown in Table 2.
Table 2 - XPS data of NZ-CZA and NZ-CZC catalysts.
The reduction peak at lower temperature can be assigned to reduction of dispersed CuO, whereas the one at higher temperature indicates the reduction of CuO bulk phases.
Table 3 - CO2 TPD data of Nb-Zr promoted CZA and CZC catalysts.
The XPS spectra of Cu2p and Zn2p are presented in Fig. 2 and the XPS data are shown in Table 2.
Table 2 - XPS data of NZ-CZA and NZ-CZC catalysts.
The reduction peak at lower temperature can be assigned to reduction of dispersed CuO, whereas the one at higher temperature indicates the reduction of CuO bulk phases.
Table 3 - CO2 TPD data of Nb-Zr promoted CZA and CZC catalysts.
Online since: October 2011
Authors: Adkham Yakubov, M.G. Kutty, Pei Lee Siew, Maizatul S. Shaharun, S.B. Abd Hamid, Vladimir Piven
The reduction of these mixed compounds is only reducible at high reduction temperatures [9, 10].
Insufficient reduction of Co species on the support surface causes decrease the number of active cites, and this degrades the catalytic properties of the catalyst [11].
Fig. 5, Catalyst reduction system After reduction procedure, catalysts were transferred to autoclave vessel and suspended there with hexadecane [18, 20].
From GSMS data it was found that straight chain hydrocarbon (paraffin) starting from nonane (C9H18) was produced.
Based on the data generated from all involved equipments in the process, the conclusions are summarized as follows: 1.
Insufficient reduction of Co species on the support surface causes decrease the number of active cites, and this degrades the catalytic properties of the catalyst [11].
Fig. 5, Catalyst reduction system After reduction procedure, catalysts were transferred to autoclave vessel and suspended there with hexadecane [18, 20].
From GSMS data it was found that straight chain hydrocarbon (paraffin) starting from nonane (C9H18) was produced.
Based on the data generated from all involved equipments in the process, the conclusions are summarized as follows: 1.
Online since: September 2013
Authors: Ya Jun Li, Li Zhang, Yan Miao Ma, Bin Liu
This paper provides a valuable reference for noise reduction of the sewing machine.
The test data are processed by LMS Test.
The result shows that the vibration of the system is caused by the harmonic frequencies, and the good consistence of the two curves shows that the tested data is accurate.
Study on Vibration and Noise Reduction of Industrial Sewing Machines [D].
[2] Wang Kaihe, Guo Yangkuan, Xu Wei..Noise and Vibration Reduction Analysis of the High Speed Sewing Machine[J].
The test data are processed by LMS Test.
The result shows that the vibration of the system is caused by the harmonic frequencies, and the good consistence of the two curves shows that the tested data is accurate.
Study on Vibration and Noise Reduction of Industrial Sewing Machines [D].
[2] Wang Kaihe, Guo Yangkuan, Xu Wei..Noise and Vibration Reduction Analysis of the High Speed Sewing Machine[J].
Online since: October 2012
Authors: Yan Yi Zhang, Zu Wen Yan, Hong Jun Li
The Shear strength reduction method (SSRM) was firstly used for slope stability analysis by Zienkiewicz et al[3].
Acknowledgements The financial support by the Foundation of the State Key Laboratory of Coastal and Offshore Engineering (LP1016), special scientific research foundation of China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research (Yanji1211) and the National Nature Science Foundation of China (51009021) and experimental data and technological supports from professor Shao Longtan and Zhao Jie are gratefully acknowledged.
C. (1992): Finite element slope stability analysis by shear strength reduction technique.
H. and Drescher A. (1999): Slope stability analysis by strength reduction, Geotechnique, 1999, 49 (6):835-840
L. (2002): Analysis on safety factor of slope by strength reduction FEM.
Acknowledgements The financial support by the Foundation of the State Key Laboratory of Coastal and Offshore Engineering (LP1016), special scientific research foundation of China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research (Yanji1211) and the National Nature Science Foundation of China (51009021) and experimental data and technological supports from professor Shao Longtan and Zhao Jie are gratefully acknowledged.
C. (1992): Finite element slope stability analysis by shear strength reduction technique.
H. and Drescher A. (1999): Slope stability analysis by strength reduction, Geotechnique, 1999, 49 (6):835-840
L. (2002): Analysis on safety factor of slope by strength reduction FEM.
Online since: August 2013
Authors: De Zhen Chen, Yu Yan Hu, Xian Wei Li, Jian Ping Li
YiHui Liu et al [4] introduced Pd/Fe for decomposition of eight different chlorinated aromatic hydrocarbons in reduction reaction.
The reduction mechanism model of mono-chlorobenzene by hydrated ferric ions is shown in Fig. 3.
Potential barrier in the reduction reaction is much lower than in the oxidation.
It can be seen that the reduction reaction route is much easier than the oxidation route.
References [1] VERSCHUEREN K: Handbook of Environmental Data on Organic Chemicals[M].
The reduction mechanism model of mono-chlorobenzene by hydrated ferric ions is shown in Fig. 3.
Potential barrier in the reduction reaction is much lower than in the oxidation.
It can be seen that the reduction reaction route is much easier than the oxidation route.
References [1] VERSCHUEREN K: Handbook of Environmental Data on Organic Chemicals[M].
Online since: October 2013
Authors: Masayuki Fukuzawa, Koichi Kakimoto, Takashi Sekiguchi, Hirofumi Harada, Yoshiji Miyamura, Karolin Jiptner
The results show that slow cooling in any temperature range leads to strain reduction.
The cooling gradient in this paper is defined as positive and refers to a reduction of heater temperature.
This is a reduction of strain by 60% in comparison to C1.
Looking at the data in Fig. 3 it becomes obvious that the largest differences between the ingots exist in the top and bottom of the core area and the central mantle area.
The data also suggests that if coating is done properly, the effect of the crucible constraint on the Si ingot is not significant.
The cooling gradient in this paper is defined as positive and refers to a reduction of heater temperature.
This is a reduction of strain by 60% in comparison to C1.
Looking at the data in Fig. 3 it becomes obvious that the largest differences between the ingots exist in the top and bottom of the core area and the central mantle area.
The data also suggests that if coating is done properly, the effect of the crucible constraint on the Si ingot is not significant.
Online since: September 2014
Authors: You Chun Qiu, Wei Cui, Xian De Zhuo
Remove stop words can reduce the dimension of feature space and noise reduction.
Text representation The text is a string consisting of a large number of characters, belonging to the non structured data, can not be directly used for cluster analysis.
Text data not only has very high dimension but also has some characteristics of directional data, using the cosine similarity measure for clustering results significantly better than used in text clustering.
Provide DF, IDF feature selection method. 2) Clustering module After processing resources preprocessing module, feature vector can be obtained for the clustering ensemble, the data into text clustering module.
Corpus data for classification of news corpus (corpus collected in accordance with the SOGOU-T Webpage format), classification system, collection of data statistics.
Text representation The text is a string consisting of a large number of characters, belonging to the non structured data, can not be directly used for cluster analysis.
Text data not only has very high dimension but also has some characteristics of directional data, using the cosine similarity measure for clustering results significantly better than used in text clustering.
Provide DF, IDF feature selection method. 2) Clustering module After processing resources preprocessing module, feature vector can be obtained for the clustering ensemble, the data into text clustering module.
Corpus data for classification of news corpus (corpus collected in accordance with the SOGOU-T Webpage format), classification system, collection of data statistics.
Online since: December 2012
Authors: Zhi Hong Yang, Shuang Jian Li, Yi Pu Zhou, Qi Wang, Qin Zhe Liu
Clean Development Mechanism and Carbon Trading Market Construction in China
Zhihong Yang1,a, Shuangjian Li1,b, Yipu Zhou1,c, Qi Wang2,d and Qinzhe Liu3,e
1 National Marine Data and Information Service, No. 93, Liuwei Road, Hedong District, Tianjin, China
2 Xiangyang NCO School of Military Economy College, Xiangyang, Hubei Province, China
3 China Classification Society Industrial Corp., TEDA, Tianjin, China
a kuailefeixiang@163.com, b youngdoctor@msn.cn, c yipu.ok@163.com, d mrwangqi1981@126.com, e qzhliu@ccsi.com.cn
Keywords: CDM project, Carbon trading market, CERs, Carbon leakage
Abstract.
Introduction Chinese government has set strict Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emission reduction targets and since then achieved higher success.
It allows emission-reduction projects in developing countries to earn certified emission reduction (CER) credits, each equivalent to one ton of CO2.
In recent years, industrialized countries and regions such as EU and USA have promoted the reduction goals of GHG constantly.
In order to maintain the market order, it is necessary to build up continuous systems for emission monitoring, to publish and update the transaction information, and to register illegal emissions and inaccurate data.
Introduction Chinese government has set strict Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emission reduction targets and since then achieved higher success.
It allows emission-reduction projects in developing countries to earn certified emission reduction (CER) credits, each equivalent to one ton of CO2.
In recent years, industrialized countries and regions such as EU and USA have promoted the reduction goals of GHG constantly.
In order to maintain the market order, it is necessary to build up continuous systems for emission monitoring, to publish and update the transaction information, and to register illegal emissions and inaccurate data.
Online since: January 2026
Authors: Ada S. Rodriguez, Brenda Pineda, Mauricio Canales
Results showed a 20% to 30% decrease in formwork assembly and disassembly time, along with an over 80% reduction in wood consumption.
On the one hand, empirical tests and calculations were carried out to obtain objective data on the physical and mechanical properties of the material.
The results obtained were systematized and analyzed using simple descriptive statistics (percentages, averages, comparative reduction).
Spreadsheets were used to consolidate data on times, quantities of wood saved, production costs, and durability.
This was essential to obtain accurate and comparable data.
On the one hand, empirical tests and calculations were carried out to obtain objective data on the physical and mechanical properties of the material.
The results obtained were systematized and analyzed using simple descriptive statistics (percentages, averages, comparative reduction).
Spreadsheets were used to consolidate data on times, quantities of wood saved, production costs, and durability.
This was essential to obtain accurate and comparable data.