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Scholar, Mechanical Engineering Department, Thapar University, Patiala, India 2Assistant Professor, Mechanical Engineering Department, Thapar University, Patiala, India 3PhD scholar, Civil Engineering Department, Thapar University, Patiala, India 4Senior Professor, Mechanical Engineering Department, Thapar University, Patiala, India avikas.passion.singh@gmail.com, bsatish.kumar@thapar.edu, cskmohapatra@thapar.edu Keywords: CFX, Pipe Erosion, Multiphase flow, CFD Abstract: Erosion is a serious problem faced in many industries that includes the transport of sand and water slurry in slurry pipe line.
Effect of Particle Size on Magnitude and Location of Maximum Erosion in S-Bend, Modelling and simulation in engineering, 1–6
Study of the Parameters Affecting Erosion Wear of Ductile Material in Solid-Liquid Mixture, Proceedings of the world congress in engineering, III
Two-phase Gas/Liquid-Solid Flow Modelling in 90° Bends and Its Effect on Erosion, Global journal of researches in engineering mechanics and mechanical engineering, 12
CFD Investigation of Slurry Seawater Flow Effect in Steel Elbows, International journal of engineering research and technology, 3, 364–370

Retrofitting and Moving Protection for Historical Buildings in Jinan City ZHANG Xin 1-2, a, LI Shibin1-2,b and LIU Tao1,c 1 College of Civil Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan, China 2 Shandong Provincial Key Lab of Appraisal and Retrofitting in Building Structures, Jinan, China a zhangxin1964@163.com, blsbtj@163.com, cliutao0633@yahoo.com.cn Abstract: Retrofitting and moving protection for historical buildings have vital historical and cultural value for they concern both the development of human society material civilization and the continuation of human cultural heritage.
The successful engineering practice provided valuable experience for engineers.
This is a system project involving architect and city planner and structure engineer as well as the government.
Earthquake Resistant Engineering and Retrofitting, 31(6): 84-87.
Earthquake Resistant Engineering and Retrofitting, 29(5): 17-20.

The 3D Numerical Simulation and Settlement Control Study for City Tunnel Crossing High Fill Geological Area of Gravelly Soils Qian Dong1, Hongyu Wan1, a, Fanlin Kong2 and Baoyun Zhao1 1 Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Chongqing University of Science & Technology,  Huxi University Town, Chongqing, People's Republic of China ,401331 2 Chongqing construction science research institute, No 50, Jian dong er cun, Jiangbei District, Chongqing, People's Republic of China, 400020 awanhongyuok@126.com Keywords: shallow tunnel, ground surface settlement, gravelly soil, high fill subgrade, three-dimension numerical simulation.
Proposal of engineering Issues Engineering situation.
Vol. 26 (2002), P. 217 [3] Bo We, Weining Liu, Xiaoming Suo, et.a1: Journal of Railway Engineering Society.
Vol. 89 (2005), P. 48 (In Chinese) [4] Jifu Liu, Haihong Mo: Subgrade engineering.
Vol. 32 (2008), P. 137 (In Chinese) [6] Wei Liang, Mingli Huang: Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering.

Crack growth approaches have also been used on civil structures in Europe [9].
The configuration of the strain gauges, anemometer, and data logger were developed and installed by Compusoft Engineers Ltd and Optimech Ltd in conjunction with Hyland Fatigue + Earthquake Engineering.
Heavy Engineering Research Association, Manukau, 1985
Engineering Structures 24 (2002): pp.109-114
Engineering Structures(26),(2004): pp. 1381-1387

References [1]Maria Garlock, Ignacio Paya-Zaforteza, Venkatesh Kodur, Li Gu: Engineering Structures Vol.35 (2012) p.89
(In Chinese) [4]Venkatesh Kodur,M.Z.Naser: Engineering Structures Vol.54 (2012) p.207
[5]Venkatesh Kodur, Esam Aziz, Mahmud Dwaikat: Journal of Bridge Engineering Vol.18 (2013) p.633
[8]Ian Bennetts and Khalid Moinuddin : Journal of Fire Protection Engineering Vol.19 (2009) p.85
(In Chinese) [10]Xudong Shi, Zhenhai Guo: Journal of Civil Engineering Vol.33 (2000) p.36.

Therefore, when doing railway construction project financial evaluation, the benefits and costs include not only the project's engineering part, but also the quantitative impact of the railway network system after the entire project is completed, so it needs to calculate the system benefits and system costs of the project.
Therefore, many proposed railway projects have “related engineering” and “associated projects” [1] which makes recognition of the project benefits and costs more complex.
(1) Investment of the project Investment of the project includes civil engineering investment, rolling stock acquisition and working capital in financial analysis of railway construction project.
(a) Budget estimate of the project The total budget estimate of the project includes Ankang (not included) - Moxinpo (not included) second line, import engineering of Xiang-yu line to Chongqing junction terminal, import engineering of Xiang-yu line to Ankang junction terminal three parts, and the last two parts of related engineering.
(In Chinese) [2] China Railway Eryuan Engineering Group CO.LTD: Engineering feasibility report for building the second line to Ankang-Chongqing district of Xiang-yu line.

Otanocha3,c 1Faculty of Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Edo University Iyamho, Edo State, Nigeria. 2Faculty of Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Akwa Ibom State University, Mkpat Enin, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. 3Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Technology, Federal University of Petroleum Resources, Effurun, Delta State, Nigeria a*vincent.balogun@edouniversity.edu.ng, bisuamfon@gmail.com, cotanocha.omonigho@fupre.edu.ng Keywords: Nitronic 33 steel alloy, austenitic steels, burr formation, chips, high pressure cutting, high speed machining.
International Journal of Impact Engineering 36, 294-302 (2009)
Schmid, Manufacturing engineering and technology.
International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research 6, 560-568 (2015)
Jenkins, "Validation of Nitronic 33 in Reinforced and Prestressed Concrete," (NAVAL CIVIL ENGINEERING LAB PORT HUENEME CA, 1987)

Furthermore, through the engineering examples, the paper compares the theoretical results calculated from formula with the measured results derived from the engineering site, which then validates this calculation method in respect of accuracy and rationality, and thus promotes the application of this technique in the engineering fields.
And the soil layer types and the soil burial depth in the engineering site are illustrated in Fig.5.
References [1] B.Shi, H.Z.Xu, D.Zhang, et al: Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, Vol.23(3) (2004), pp493~499.
Study Journal of Hokkaido Exploiture Civil Engineering, Vol. (613)(2004), pp45~56.
(in Chinese) [6] G.Q.Wei, B.Shi, J.X.Jia, et al: Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, Vol.31(6)(2009), pp911~916.

Experimental Sample Preparations: The study was conducted at the Institute of Energy, Ceramic & Polymer Technology, Faculty of Chemical & Materials Engineering, University of Miskolc.
Pengwei Guo, “New perspectives on recycling waste glass in manufacturing concrete for sustainable civil infrastructure,” Construction and Building Materials, vol. 257, no. 119579, 2020
Chuanwei Li, “Study on preparation of glass-ceramics from municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) fly ash and chromium slag,” Journal of Building Engineering, vol. 68, no. 106080, February 2023
Doré and Côte, “Thermal Properties According to Aggregate’s General Characteristics,” in Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Cold Regions Engineering and 8th Canadian Permafrost Conference,, Reston, VA, USA,, 18–22 August 2019
Danish Kazmi, “Waste glass in civil engineering applications—A review,” International Journal of Applied Ceramic Technology, vol. 17, no. 2, pp. 529-554, 2020

Michalopoulos, “Seismic isolation using sliding elastomer bearing pads”, Nuclear Engineering and Design 84, 1985
NCEER-88-0038, National Center for Earthquake Engineering Research.
Tsai, “Response of multi-degree-of-freedom structures with sliding supports”, Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics, 19, 1990
Kelly, “Base isolation for near-fault motions”, Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics Volume 30 Issue 5, 2001
Lee, “A Comparative Study on Aseismic Performances of Base Isolation Systems for Multi-Span Bridge”, ASCE's First Virtual World Congress for Civil Engineering, 2002