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As EPD layers become thinner, factors such as substrate surface structure and wettability become more critical.
This involves recognising and controlling the physics and chemistry of the substrate surface such that it can be treated beneficially and controllable by EPD.
‘Dynamic’ wetting - surface dependency The works of Wenzel [9] and later, Cassie and Baxter [10], lead to an understanding of the influence of surface structure on wetting behaviour.
The cavitation pressures can penetrate surface micro-structure and overcome surface tension ‘barriers’.
Traces of contaminants retained in surface micro-structure can act as initiators of micro-arcing during deposition, and corrosion after deposition.

Keywords: Sialons; Crystal structure; Multicomponent phases; New applications.
Of the various systems explored, nitrogen-containing systems were attractive, because nitrogen is an intrinsically "safe" element, which also allowed a completely new range of crystal chemistry to be explored.
Clearly there is considerable scope for modifying the chemistry of these compounds to generate a wider range of colours.
The field of zeolite chemistry expanded enormously in the 1950s and 1960s, because materials could be synthesised with varying sizes of internal interstices for applications either as Figure 10.
Thompson: The structure of Ce- JEM phase, to be published (2002). 14.

Surface grafting on carbon nanotubes via covalent chemistry is affective for modification their surfaces properties for dispersing them in organic solvent or water7.
Fig. 1 shows its molecular structure.
Fig. 1 Structure of VBL.
The interaction mechanism is supposed as the π-π stacking interactions between the conjugated structure and the graphene structure of SWNTs.
Resasco, Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 2003, 107, 13357-13367

Traditional uses acid on modification of carbon nanotubes surface method while in the introduction of polar functional groups on the surface of carbon nanotubes, improving its dispersibility in water, but at the same time will destroy carbon nanotubes chemical structure, performance is greatly reduced, resulting in carbon nanotubes preparation of composite materials cannot reach the expected effect[4-6].
Fat of this kind of surfactant hydrocarbon chain as a nonpolar side, and carbon nanotubes on the surface of the six-member ring structure is easy to attract, helps to sooth the carbon nanotubes in water, improve the dispersion [10]. 2.2 Cationic surfactant Cationic surfactant is it’s the ionized molecules soluble in water, connected to the lipophilic group of hydrophilic group is positively charged surface active agent, the class is cationic surfactants play a role in the part, its molecular structure is the main part of a pentavalent nitrogen atoms, so also known as quaternary ammonium compounds[11].
PVP in the process of preparation of CNTs/oxide composites has two main functions: one is with non covalent crosslinking effect of carbon nanotubes in water dispersed and solubilization multi-walled carbon nanotubes, and the second is PVP as amphiphilic polymers, with special structure.
Environmental Chemistry, 2012, 31(11): 1676-1682
Synthesis and properties of non-covalently modified carbon nanotubes/titanium dioxide composites.Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 2011, 27(2): 269-275.

Adsorption of Methylene Blue on Starch Microsphere from Aqueous Solutions Xiaoping Huo1,a, Fang Wang2, Deng Deng3, Lei Wang4* 1Xijing University, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, 710123, China 2Department of Chemistry, Shaanxi Institute of Education, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, 710061, China 3Xi'an Modern Chemical Institute, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710065, China 4Key Laboratory of Auxiliary Chemistry & Technology for Chemical Industry，Ministry of Education.
The microporous structure of starch microsphere was determined using Scanning Electronic Microscopy (SEM).
The highly microporous structure provides high surface area for SM.
A 3D structure containing microspheres was consequently formed from water phase.
Meanwhile, internal water in the microsphere was extruded, leaving lot of micropores on the resulting structure.

In order to obtain the optimal molecular structure for the electronic structure calculation, we performed a geometry optimization of an individual molecule of the polymer at AM1 level and then extracted the geometry of the molecule.
The AM1 program was implemented in the MOPAC package (Quantum Chemistry Program Exchange, Indiana University, USA).
The details on the electronic structure calculations were described in literature [5-7].
Molecular structures of pyrrole and its oligomer. n represents the number of repeating unit in the oligomer.
Our results provide a good description of the electronic structures of oligomers of pyrrole.

Electrospinning Using Solution of Waste Polyacrylonitrile Chun Xue Zhang 1, a, Bo Sun 1,b 1School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China achxzhang@tjut.edu.cn, bsunbotjlg@163.com Keywords: polyacrylonitrile, waste, electrospinning Abstract.
With increasing concentration of waste PAN from 9% to 10%, the morphology was changed from beaded fiber to uniform fiber structure and the fiber diameter was also increased from110nm to 184 nm gradually.
With increasing concentration, the morphology was changed from beaded fiber to uniform fiber structure and the fiber diameter was also increased to 184 nm gradually.
Kim: Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research Vol. 43 (2004), p. 2060 [7] S.

Effect of the concentrations of the reactants on electrochemical performance of composite cathode material LiFePO4/C Xiaoling Ma＊, Youxiang Zhang College of Life Science and Chemistry, Wuhan Donghu University, Wuhan, 430212,China Email address: 240200025@qq.com Keywords: cathode material, lithium-ion batteries, LiFePO4/C, concentration.
The structure, morphology and electrochemical properties of the FePO4·2H2O nanoplates and LiFePO4/C composites synthesized by changing the concentration of the reactants were characterized in detail by X-ray(XRD), scanning electron microscope(SEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscope and electrochemical measurement.
Herein, we synthesized nanscale FePO4·2H2O using a hydrothermal method and are lithiated to LiFePO4/C with the same structures by a simple rheological phase method.
Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry, 2010, 644: 150~154 [2] Li.M.

The structure of these DNA bases is aromatic compound.
"Molecular structure of nucleic acids: a structure for deoxyribose nucleic acid."
"The complementary structure of deoxyribonucleic acid."
Chemistry & Biology 7.7 (2000): 475-481
Molecular structure of DNA by scanning tunneling microscopy."

Stainless steel has been widely used in challenging environments typical to nuclear power plant structures, due its excellent corrosion resistance.
The chemistry heterogeneous in the DMW is also considered.
The chemistry of nickel alloy 82 and 304L stainless steel is shown in Table 1.
In comparison, the as-welded sample shows much greater variation in hardness, ranging from 190 to 250 HV, due to the combined effect of chemistry and plastic strain.
Such change is predominantly due to the residual plastic strain only as the effect of chemistry variation is cancelled out.